OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the construction of China's emergency drugs supply guarantee mechanism. METHODS Based on the 4R model, the literature research method was used to carry out a systematic analysis of the management measures and operation of emergency drugs in China and the United States in four stages: reduction, readiness, response and recovery, and to make a side-by-side comparison. RESULTS The flexibility of the United States in its legal system had contributed to the maturity of strategic national stockpile, with a dedicated Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response responsible for the implementation and management of the entire supply process, focusing on the development of information systems and the maintenance of physical stockpiles. In contrast, China's national pharmaceutical reserve emphasized its respective roles and responsibilities, with joint management of institutions, and the reserve tasks and transportation and distribution were mainly undertaken by enterprises, which provided more room for operation in the overall supply process, but the regulatory rules for enterprises had yet to be further improved. CONCLUSION It is recommended that China, on the basis of its own national conditions, draw on the characteristics and experience of the United States strategic national stockpile, improve and perfect the relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible, build a management system with an efficient management organization at its core, supplemented by an information management system, and at the same time, assist in promoting the virtuous cycle of rotational stockpiling by enterprises, and actively carry out summary and assessment work, in order to promote the optimization and development of the mechanism of guaranteeing the supply of emergency drugs in the long term.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal enema combined with fumigation as adjunctive therapy for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern. MethodsA total of 120 non-dialysis CKD，patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern were randomly divided into treatment group and control group， with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional western medical treatment， while the treatment group additionally received Chinese herbal enema combined with fumigation， with enema and fumigation performed alternately， once every other day， three times a week. The treatment course for both groups was 4 weeks. The levels of serum creatinine （Scr）， estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， and the total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms were compared before and after treatment in both groups. The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups after treatment. Adverse reactions in both groups were observed during the treatment period. ResultsThe total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms was significantly reduced after treatment in both groups （P＜0.01）. Compared to the control group after treatment， the treatment group showed significant decreases in Scr and the total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms， and a significant increase in eGFR （P＜0.05）. The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in the treatment group （96.67%） was higher than that in the control group （46.67%， P＜0.01）， as well as the total effective rate of clinical efficacy in the treatment group （75.00%） versus that in the control group （28.33%， P＜0.01）. During the treatment period， the vital signs of patients in both groups remained stable， and there were no significant abnormalities in blood routine， urine routine， stool routine， liver function indicators， and electrocardiogram after treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal enema combined with fumigation as adjunctive therapy can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms， improve renal function， and demonstrate good safety for non-dialysis CKD patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern.

Objective:To observe any effect of using the KidGo exoskeleton rehabilitation robot on the lower limb motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy.Methods:Thirty children with spastic cerebral palsy were sorted at random into a control group and a robotics group, each of 15. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation 5 days a week for 12 weeks, but the robotics group also spent 30 minutes daily training with the KidGo exoskeleton robot. Before and after the intervention, the lower limb muscle tone and strength, gross motor function, balance, and functional independence of both groups were assessed using surface electromyography, a handheld muscle strength tester, the gross motor function measure, the Berg Balance Scale, and the Wee-functional independence measure.Results:After the intervention great improvements in average lower limb muscle tone and strength, gross motor function, balance, and functional independence were observed in both groups, but the improvements in the robotics group were significantly greater, on average.Conclusion:Supplementing conventional rehabilitation with training using the KidGo exoskeleton rehabilitation robot can better improve muscle tone, strength, gross motor functioning, balance, and the functional independence of children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Allergic rhinitis(AR)is a type Ⅰ allergic reaction,which mediated by immunoglobulin E immediately when an individual with a special constitution is exposed to a same allergen for second time,whose pathogenesis has not been clarified yet,and closely related to genes,immune cells and cytokines.Pathogenesis of AR become more deeper and more accurate due to rapid develop-ment of molecular biology and second-generation gene sequencing technology.Current studies have found that miR-155 and transcrip-tion factor GATA3 have important regulatory effects on occurrence and development of AR,then affect dominant differentiation of CD4+T lymphocytes and proliferation of ILC2.This article discusses and reviews pathogenesis of AR,which mainly focuses on miR-155/GATA3 pathway and effects of related upstream genes and downstream regulatory substances.

Objective To analyse the health human resource allocation of all tertiary maternal and child healthcare(MCH)hospitals from 2015 to 2022 in China,and to propose basis for further strengthening the talent team construction and management of MCH hospitals.Methods Data were collected through the national MCH institution monitoring system to provide a descriptive analysis of the health human resources of all tertiary MCH hospitals in China.Results From 2015 to 2022,the number of health technicians in tertiary MCH hospitals increased with an average annual growth rate of 10.2%;The proportions of highly educated and professional health technicians increased year by year;The proportion of tertiary MCH hospitals with qualified health technicians has increased to 93.8%;The ratio of doctors to nurses has exceeded 1:1.4.Conclusion The allocation of health human resources in the tertiary MCH hospitals in China shows a good upward trend,which lays a foundation for improving the overall service level and service capacity of MHC hospitals.

Objective We aimed to observe the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-based"tertiary hospital-community integrated"treatment program in patients with diabetic kidney disease.Methods A total of 126 patients from the Jiangtai and Cuigezhuang Communities in Chaoyang District were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group(n=63 patients per group).In the experimental group,the"tertiary hospital-community integrated"treatment program was implemented(including TCM differentiated health preservation,chronic disease management,comprehensive diagnosis and treatment program of integrated Chinese and Western medicine),while in the control group,the existing chronic disease diagnosis,treatment,and management program in the community was implemented(including chronic disease management with regular follow-ups,diagnosis and treatment program of Western medicine).The observation period was 6 months,with 3 months as a course of treatment.The 24 h urine total protein level(24 hUTP),the serum level of creatinine(Scr),and the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were compared between the two groups,as well as the effective rates of 24 hUTP,Scr,and eGFR,the rate of achieving standard glucose levels and normal lipid metabolism,including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(GHB),the level of patients'self-management,and the medical service in utilization.Results There were 120 patients included for analysis(60 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group).The difference in 24 hUTP was significantly different(P＜0.05),while Scr and eGFR were not statistically different between the experimental and control groups after 3 months of treatment.The differences in 24 hUTP,Scr,and eGFR were statistically significant after 6 months(P＜0.05).After 6 months of treatment in both groups,the effective rates of 24 hUTP,Scr,and eGFR were higher in the experimental group than in the control group(78.3％,48.3％,and 50.0％in the experimental group and 35.0％,18.3％,and 15.0％in the control group,respectively)(P＜0.05);after 6 months,the LDL-C,TG,and GHB qualified rates were higher in the experimental group than in the control group(75.0％,83.3％,and 71.7％in the experimental group and 56.7％,63.3％,and 46.7％in the control group,respectively;P＜0.05);comparing the self-management levels of the two groups after 3 and 6 months of treatment,the total self-management score and the total self-efficacy score were both higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P＜0.05);comparing the time of hospitalization and hospitalization costs of the two groups 6 months after enrollment,the time of hospitalization and hospitalization costs were lower in the experimental group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The"tertiary hospital-community integrated"TCM-based treatment program improves renal function,glucose and lipid metabolism,and patients'self-management;it can reduce the economic burden of families,save medical resources,and improve the utilization of medical services.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different imaging frequencies and matching strategies of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on dose-volume parameters in target and organs at risk (OAR) during image-guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer.Methods:A total of 561 sets of CBCT images from 21 patients treated with radical prostate radiotherapy who were admitted to Peking University First Hospital from June 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT) at a prescribed dose of 70 Gy divided into 25 times, 2.8 Gy per time. Clinical target volume (CTV) and OAR were delineated by the same oncologist on each CBCT image. The planned CT (pCT) was rigorously registered to CBCT after calibration of positioning errors according to different image guidance modes and frequencies, and CT values and structures were propagated to CBCT through deformable image registration (DIR). The daily dose was mapped to pCT according to the deformation vector field (DVF) for dose accumulation. The actual cumulative dose of daily online CBCT validation was compared with the weekly CBCT validation regimen (days 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 16 and 21 online imaging). The dosimetric comparison was also made between bone-based matching and soft tissue-based matching (after automatic bone-based matching, manual prostate-based matching was performed and fine-tuning was made regarding the anterior wall of rectum). Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test was utilized to analyze dose-volume parameters between planned and cumulative doses that exhibited non-normal distribution, while paired t-test was employed for assessing shift values and average dose parameters that demonstrated normal distribution. Results:Compared with daily CBCT image guidance, the CTV_D 98% in weekly CBCT was significantly reduced [(69.08±1.58) vs. (65.24±3.64) Gy, P<0.001]. The CTV_D 98% of bone-based matching was (69.27±2.14) Gy, but the high-dose volume of the rectum were significantly increased: V 60 Gy was 3.18%±3.10%, V 65 Gy was 0.77%±1.23%. The target area coverage using soft tissue-based matching is sufficient, with a CTV_D 98% of (69.08±1.58) Gy. And the percentage volume of high-dose volume of the rectum was significantly reduced, with V 60 Gy being 2.02%±2.42% and V 65 Gy being 0.34%±0.68%. Conclusions:In prostate cancer patients undergoing moderately-fractionated radiotherapy, daily CBCT image guidance demonstrates superior target coverage compared to a weekly scheme. Soft tissue-based matching, which is automatic bone-based matching followed by manual soft tissue-based matching and fine-tuning according to the anterior rectal wall, offers better rectal protection while maintaining target coverage.

Objective To investigate the application effect of a bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 51 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the ICU of a tertiary A hospital in Shandong from March to September 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to random number table method.The experimental group was given the bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program,and the control group was given the routine intestinal cleaning program.Acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography score,the incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury and intra-abdominal pressure were compared between the 2 groups before intervention,on the 3rd and 5th day.Results There was an interaction effect between time and group in the comparison of acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the 2 groups(F=7.478,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasonography scores in the experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of grade Ⅲ acute gastrointestinal injury in the experimental group(23%)was lower than that in the control group(60%),with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intra-abdominal pressure had an interaction effect between the 2 groups(F=47.128,P<0.001);simple effect analysis showed that the intra-abdominal pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group on the 3rd and 5th day,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The bedside ultrasound-guided intestinal cleaning program can improve acute gastrointestinal injury and reduce intra-abdominal hypertension in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Huoxue Bushen Formula Granules on endometrial receptivity (ER) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in ovulation induction cycle.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Totally 50 patients with PCOS infertility in Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the observation objects, and were divided into observation group (29 cases) and control group (21 cases) according to the random number table method. Both groups were given oral clomiphene citrate on the 5th day of menstrual cycle or progesterone withdrawal. On this basis, the observation group was given Huoxue Bushen Formula Granules on the 5th day of menstruation, while the control group was given estradiol valerate tablets. 7 days after taking medication and injecting hCG from the 10th day of menstruation, ovulation was monitored and sexual intercourse was guided. Both groups were treated for 3 menstrual cycles and followed up for 3 months. B-ultrasound was performed on 6-8 days after ovulation to obtain uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow resistance index (RI). TCM syndrome scores were evaluated before and after treatment, and the endometrial receptivity score (Salle score) was used to evaluate the level of ER. The pregnancy and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded in the two groups.Results:After treatment, TCM syndrome score in the observation group [14.0 (13.0, 15.0) vs. 16.0 (14.5, 19.5), Z=-3.23] was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.001). The Salle score of the observation group after treatment [12.0 (9.5.0, 13.5) vs. 10.0 (9.0, 11.0), Z=-3.84] was higher than that before treatment ( P<0.001). The PI (0.68±0.52 vs. 0.81±0.06, t=18.25), RI (1.65±0.36 vs. 2.24±0.45, t=22.78) after treatment in the observation group and the control group were lower than those before treatment ( P<0.001), without statistical significance ( t values were -0.39, -1.37, respectively, P>0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 75.86% (22/29), and that of the control group was 71.43% (15/21), without statistical significance ( χ2=0.12, P=0.724). The pregnancy rate of the observation group was 82.76% (24/29), and that of the control group was 57.14% (12/21), with statistical significance ( χ2=3.96, P=0.046). The incidence of adverse reactions of the observation group was 3.45% (1/29) and that of the control group was 9.52% (2/21), without statistical significance ( χ2=0.80, P=0.372). Conclusion:Huoxue Bushen Formula Granules can improve the ER of PCOS infertility patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, improve the pregnancy rate, reduce the TCM syndrome score, improve the quality of life of patients with high safety.

With the continuous evolution and refinement of the healthcare insurance system,there arises a heightened de-mand for the standardization and efficacy of healthcare insurance management.This paper takes a prominent public hospital in Guangzhou City as a case study to delve into the establishment and enhancement of an intelligent monitoring system for healthcare insurance.Initially,an analysis is conducted from the perspectives of the national,policy,and institutional levels to underscore the imperative and urgency of constructing an intelligent monitoring system for healthcare insurance.Subsequently,a comprehen-sive review of the current research landscape,both domestically and internationally,is presented,highlighting the challenges faced by domestic intelligent auditing systems in terms of their level of intelligence,the sophistication of hospital-level intelligent monitoring,and the standardization of rule libraries.Following this,the paper elaborates on the practical endeavors undertaken by large public hospitals in Guangzhou City regarding the construction and optimization of the intelligent monitoring system for healthcare insurance.This encompasses aspects such as the structure of the intelligent monitoring system,collaborative manage-ment in operational modes,and the standardization of rule libraries.Finally,the paper concludes by summarizing the positive im-pact of these practices on the regulation of medical service behaviors and the enhancement of efficiency in healthcare insurance quality management,while also offering insights into future research directions.