Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad on blue light-induced alteration of meibomian gland function in mice and its mechanism.Methods:Sixty-four 15-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups of 32 mice each according to random numbers for the prevention test and the treatment test.The respective 32 mice in the prevention and treatment experiments were randomly divided into normal group, blue light group, solvent group and eye pad group according to random numbers, with eight mice in each group, respectively.In the prevention experiments, mice in each group were exposed to blue light at a wavelength of 460 nm and a light intensity of 2 000 lx for 6 hours per day for 15 consecutive days to establish a mouse model of meibomian gland function changes except for the normal group.The solvent group and the eye pad group were treated with the corresponding eye pad before and after the blue light exposure for 25 minutes daily for the 15 consecutive days.The blue light group was treated with blue light exposure only for 15 days, and the mice were photographed at the edge of the meibomian gland on day 15 to observe the function of the meibomian gland except for the normal group.In the treatment test, all groups of mice except the normal group were induced the altered function of the mouse meibomian gland by the above method.The solvent and eye pad groups were treated with corresponding eye pads for 25 minutes in the morning and afternoon of each day for 15 consecutive days after blue light exposure.The blue light group was kept in a standard environment for 15 days and the changes in meibomian gland function of mice were detected by meibomian gland photographs on day 15.Photography of the eyelid margin in vitro, oil red O staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to observe the histologic changes in the meibomian glands of mice after the preventive and experimental treatment.The relative expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA in mouse meibomian gland tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of NF-κB (p-NF-κB) proteins in mice meibomian gland tissues was detected by Western blot to assess the degree of amelioration of blue light-induced inflammation in mouse meibomian glands by the compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad.This study was conducted in accordance with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmology and Vision Research, and was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xiamen University (No.XMULAC20220258). Results:Compared with the normal group, a gradually increased number of blocked meibomian gland openings, and a gradually decreased remaining area of lower meibomian gland, were observed in the mice after 15 days of blue light group, and all the differences were statistically different (all at P<0.05). In the prevention test, the number of obstructed opening in the eye pad group was 1.833±0.753, which was significantly less than 3.667±1.033 in the solvent group ( P<0.05). The relative remaining area of the lower lid meibomian gland in the eye pad group was 0.718±0.091, which was significantly greater than 0.624±0.130 in the solvent group ( P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse meibomian gland in the blue light and solvent groups.There was no inflammatory cell infiltration in eye pad group, and the morphology of the acini was similar to that of the normal group.Oil red O staining showed that there was no significant lipid deposition in the groups.The relative expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ mRNA were significantly lower, and the relative expressions of NF-κB and p-NF-κB proteins were significantly lower in the eye pad group than in the solvent group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). In the treatment test, the number of obstructed openings in the eye pad group and solvent group was 4.333±1.211 and 4.833±1.722, respectively, and the relative remaining area of the lower meibomian gland was 0.572±0.151 and 0.588±0.154, respectively, showing no statistically significant differences (both at P>0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse meibomian glands in the blue light and solvent groups, with a similar morphology of acini as in the normal group.There was no inflammatory cell infiltration in eye pad group.Oil red O staining showed that there was no significant lipid deposition in the groups.The relative expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ mRNA were significantly lower and the relative expressions of NF-κB and p-NF-κB proteins were significantly lower in the eye pad group than in the solvent group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Compound wild chrysanthemum eye pad may have preventive and therapeutic effects on blue light-induced changes in meibomian gland function by reducing the inflammatory response of meibomian gland tissue through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

To conduct the association between vitamin B12 and mental health in children and adolescents. Five databases were searched for observational studies in any language reporting on mental health and vitamin B12 levels or intake in children and adolescents from inception to March 18, 2022. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data were performed. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022345476). Fifty six studies containing 37,932 participants were identified in the review. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (standardized mean difference [SMD], −1.61;95% confidence interval [95% CI], −2.44 to −0.79; p ＜ 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (SMD, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.78 to −0.00; p = 0.049) compared with control group. Vitamin B12 intake were lower in participants with ASDs (SMD, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.48 to −0.24; p = 0.006) compared with control group, but showed no difference between depression group (SMD, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.17) and the control group. Higher vitamin B12 intake were associated with lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63−0.98; p = 0.034) and behavioral problems (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69−0.99; p = 0.04). The vast majority of included studies supported potential positive influence of vitamin B12 on mental health, and vitamin B12 deficiency may be a reversible cause for some mental health disorders in children and adolescents.

AIM: To explore the promoting effect of 2-APB on skin wound healing in mice and its potential mechanism. METHODS: KM mice were divided into 5 groups: control group, DMSO group, low (50 mg/L), medium (100 mg/L) and high (200 mg/L) concentration 2-APB group. On the back of each mouse's skin use a circular punch about 1 cm on both sides of the midline of the spine to make a skin wound with a diameter of 10 mm and as deep as the fascia. The control group was only wrapped with gauze and no drugs were applied; the DMSO group was applied 1 g DMSO/Vaseline ointment per day; in the 2-APB group, apply 1 g of 2-APB/Vaseline ointment at a corresponding concentration every day. Pictures were taken the next day to observe the healing, and the material was taken on the 21st day, HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the wound and western blot to detect TRPM7, TGF-β, collagen-I and IL-1β expression. RESULTS: Compared with the control group and the DMSO group, different concentrations of 2-APB could significantly promote skin wound healing in mice (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in wound healing rate between the DMSO group and the control group group. The results of HE staining showed that, compared with the control group group and the DMSO group, 2-APB could increase the collagen content of the wound and the thickness of the dermis (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the DMSO group and the control group group. At the same time, 2-APB could also significantly increase the expression of TGF-β and Col-I on the wound, and inhibit the expression of TRPM7 and IL-1β. CONCLUSION: Different concentrations of 2-APB (50, 100 and 200 mg/L) can promote skin wound healing, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TRPM7.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of negative life events on suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder and the mediating role of mother-child attachment， so as to provide references for reducing suicidal ideation in adolescents with depression. MethodsA total of 145 adolescents underwent psychiatric inpatient and outpatient treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University From May 2020 to April 2021 and met the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） criteria for depressive episode were enrolled， and all selected individuals were assessed using the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist （ASLEC）， the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment （IPPA） and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation-Chinese Version （BSI-CV）. Then Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. ResultsBSI-CV score in adolescents with depressive disorder was positively correlated with ASLEC score （r=0.453， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with mother-child attachment score in IPPA （r=-0.165， P<0.01）. The partial mediating effect of mother-child attachment between negative life events and suicidal ideation was significant， with a mediating effect value of 0.008， accounting for 14.55% of the total effect value （0.055）. ConclusionSuicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder may be related to loads of negative life events and poor mother-child attachment， moreover， mother-child attachment plays a mediating role in the relationship between negative life events and suicidal ideation.

Objective:To describe and compare the prevalence, sick status awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adults aged 18 years and above in China.Methods:National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 298 counties/districts in China in 2018, which covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 194 779 permanent residents aged 18 years and above. Face to face questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, hypertension diagnosis and treatment as well as the blood pressures measurement. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured using certified medical upper arm electronic sphygmomanometer for the adults. After excluding those with abnormal blood pressure, 179 873 adults were included in the final analyses. Gender, age and area or region specific mean blood pressure, the prevalence, sick status awareness, control and treatment rates of hypertension, and blood pressure measurement were evaluated for the adults surveyed. All the results were weighted according to complex sampling scheme and had post-stratification to represent the whole adult population in China.Results:The average systolic blood pressure was (127.7±18.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and the average diastolic blood pressure was (76.8±11.2) mmHg in the adults aged 18 years and above in China in 2018. Among the adults without history of hypertension, 50.9%(95% CI:49.9%-51.9%) had prehypertension. The prevalence rate of hypertension in adults in China was 27.5% (95% CI: 26.6%-28.4%). In men, 30.8% (95% CI: 29.8%-31.9%) had hypertension, compared with 24.2% (95% CI: 23.3%-25.1%) in women. The rural adults had higher hypertension prevalence rate [29.4% (95% CI: 28.4%-30.3%)] compared with urban adults [25.7% (95% CI: 24.4%-27.1%), P<0.000 1]. The highest hypertension prevalence rate was observed in adults in northern China [33.3% (95% CI: 31.5%-35.2%)], followed by that in adults in northeastern China [32.7% (95% CI: 28.1%-37.4%)] compared with other regions in China, and with significant differences ( P<0.000 1). Among the adults with hypertension, 41.0% (95% CI: 39.7%-42.4%) were aware of their sick status, 34.9% (95% CI: 33.6%-36.1%) were taking antihypertensive medicines, and 11.0% (95% CI: 10.2%-11.8%) had their blood pressure controlled. In the hypertensive patients, women and urban residents were more likely to have higher rates of sick status awareness, treatment and control of hypertension compared with men and rural residents (all P<0.000 1). Among the adults without history of hypertension, 41.9%(95% CI: 40.7%-43.2%) had active or passive measurement of blood pressure in the past 3 months. Conclusions:Given the higher prevalence rate of hypertension and lower blood pressure measurement rate in Chinese adults, as well as unsatisfied status of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in patients, more efforts should be made in hypertension prevention and control, such as improved risk factor intervention and case management, especially in rural areas.

Objective: To evaluate the status and influencing factors of the mental health of patients with COVID-19 during isolation treatment. Methods: From February 2nd to 16th, 2020, 106 COVID-19 patients were anonymously investigated for their mental health status using onlinequestionnaires (including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 scales). The patients were from Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology. After data processing, SPSS19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 106 COVID-19 patients, 46 were male and 60 were female, with an age of (35.90±11.92) years. The detection rates of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in those patients were 49.06% (52/106) , 56.60% (60/106) and 69.81% (74/106) respectively. The severe cases of depression (scale score greater than 19) , anxiety (scale score greater than 14) and somatic symptoms (scale score greater than 14) accounted for 9.43% (10/106) , 15.09% (16/106) and 20.75% (22/106) respectively. In addition, 67.92% (72/106) of the patients had sleep problems, 24.53% (26/106) had self-mutilating or suicidal thoughts, and 28.30% (30/106) required psychological counseling—all of which were at significantly higher percentages than those of the general population. Only 39.62% (42/106) of the examined patients had neither deression nor anxiety. By using the non-parametric test of rank conversion for analysis, and the results showed that both married patients and nucleic-acid-positive patients had more severe depressions, and both married patients and anoxemicpatients had more severe somatic symptoms. Conclusion This mental health assessment showed that depression, anxiety, and various somatic symptoms exist among the COVID-19 patients, and therefore early identification and intervention should be conducted to avoid extreme events such asself-mutilating or suicidal impulsivity, with a greater focus on both married patients and patients with severe symptoms.

Objective:To retrieve, appraise and summarize the evidence for the airway humidification management of the inpatient with laryngectomy and tracheotomy but nonmechanical ventilation and to provide references for the clinical nursing.Methods:The evidence question was raised based on the study objective. The evidence was retrieved from some databases according to the evidence pyramid model during inception to December, 2018. The literature types included clinical practice guideline, evidence summary, best practice information sheet, recommended practice and systematic review. The quality of the literature were evaluated by the suitable evaluated tool based on their types. The level and recommedation grade of the evidence were appraised by the suitable tools of JBI.Results:Thirteen studies were recruited, including one clinical practice guideline, two evidence summaries, one best practice information sheet and nine systematic reviews. Totally thirteen items of best evidence were summarized and generalized to four categories including assessment, method, liquid and operation of airway humidification.Conclusion:The evidences of the studies are scientific and practical, but on the one hand, it is recommended that when applying the evidences in clinic, it is necessary to assess the clinical situation and chose the proper evidence. And on the other hand, there are lacking of some evidences of airway humidification and the level of some evidences is low. So it needs to create more high level evidences.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of metal clips combined with endoscopic histoacryl injection for gastric varices with spontaneous portosystemic shunts.Methods:The clinical data and complications of 32 patients who were treated with metal clips combined with endoscopic histoacryl injection at Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University from May 2016 to October 2018 were collected and analyzed.Results:Hemostasis was achieved in all patients, and the median volume of histoacryl was 3.8 mL. Varices were eradicated or disappeared in 9 cases, and the degree of varices were lessened in 23 cases. No rebleeding was found at 72 h, 7 d, 14 d and 6 weeks after operation in any patient. No ectopic embolism occurred.Conclusion:Metal clips combined with endoscopic histoacryl injection is effective and safe to treat gastric varices with spontaneous portosystemic shunts.

Objective:To investigate the association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, sleep problem, olfaction problems, chronic constipation and their interactions on cognitive impairment in the elderly aged 60 and above.Methods:A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used in 6 provinces (autonomous administrative regions and municipalities) to select the sample. 1 300 cases with cognitive impairment and 2 600 controls without cognitive impairment were recruited and matched according to their age, gender and resident area in a 1∶2 case-control study. A total of 3 501 people were included after data cleaning. Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression model were used for univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and interaction analysis.Results:ApoE carrying ε4 genotypes, sleep problems, smell disorders, constipation is independent risk factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly ( OR=1.44, 1.65, 2.26, 2.13, P<0.001). The additive interaction between ApoE genotype and olfaction change was statistically significant [ AP=0.45(95% CI: 0.13- 0.77), S=2.37 (95% CI: 1.08-5.24)]. The interaction between other factors with cognitive impairment was not found to be statistically significant. The above results were adjusted for occupation, tea drinking, neighborhood interaction, social activities, physical exercise, reading books and newspapers, playing cards and mahjong, memory changes and hypertension, diabetes, stroke. Conclusions:ApoE genotype, sleep problems, olfaction problems, and chronic constipation are risk factors for cognitive impairment in people 60 and older. There is a synergistic interaction effect between ApoE genotype and olfaction problems on cognitive impairment in the elderly over 60 years old.