Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence for respiratory management in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and provide reference for clinical nursing.Methods:The best practices, guidelines, expert consensus and other evidence on respiratory management in ALS patients were systematically retrieved from dometic and foreign relevant guide websites, professional associations and databases. The retrieve period was from January 1, 2016 to April 15, 2023. After the literature quality evaluation, the evidence was extracted from the literature that meets the quality standards.Results:A total of 12 references were included, including 3 guidelines, 1 expert consensus, 1 evidence summary, 4 systematic reviews, and 3 randomized controlled trails. The 25 pieces of evidence were summarized from the patients with ALS, including respiratory assessment, mechanical ventilation, secreta management, and respiratory rehabilitation.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on respiratory tract management in patients with ALS, which is convenient for clinical medical personnel to carry out more targeted and scientific respiratory assessment, intervention and guidance for patients with ALS.

Objective:To analyze the spatial-temporal epidemiological characteristics of pertussis from 2013 to 2022 in Hebei Province and to provide a reference for improving prevention and control measures.Methods:Based on the data of pertussis reported in Hebei Province during 2013-2022 to analyze the popular characteristic, the ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to construct a ring map and to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis; the SaTScan 10.1 software was used for spatial-temporal scan statistics.Results:There were 6 715 cases of the cumulative report in Hebei Province from 2013 to 2022 without death. The annual report incidence was 0.90/100 000. The overall incidence rate showed an upward trend from 2013 to 2019, and during 2020-2021, it showed a sharp decline, but in 2022, it showed a sharp increase. Summer and autumn are the peak seasons of the epidemic. The incidence was highest in age group <1 year (48.67%), and the lowest age group in age group ≥15 years (0.45%) and mainly scattered children (78.03%); the incidence about men is higher than women. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the onset of pertussis has spatial clustering, and high-high clusters were found in Langfang, Baoding, and Cangzhou, the top three countries with reported incidence. The area covered by a low-low cluster was consistent with the distribution of the corresponding low-incidence areas in this study. Space-time scan detects five statistically significant areas, and three zones were concentrated in 2022.Conclusions:The incidence of pertussis in Hebei had obvious season, population, and area-specific differences. There was obvious spatiotemporal and clustering, so the control of key areas should target the characteristics of time and space.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the carriage status of Neisseria meningitidis ( Nm) among the healthy population in Hebei Province for the prevention and control of meningitis. Methods:From 2015 to 2022, throat swabs were collected from health people, which were selected by cluster random sampling in 11 cities of Hebei.The positive rate of Nm was detected by bacterial culture. The serogroups of isolated strains were identified.The laboratory detection results of Nm strains, combined with epidemiological survey data, were synthetically analyzed. Results:A total of 20 245 people were investigated; 249 strains of Nm were isolated; the overall Nm carriage rate was 1.23%. The carriage rate was significantly higher in men than in women(χ 2=28.831, P<0.05). The positive rates of Nm in different age groups were significantly different(χ 2=428.018, P<0.05), with the highest rates in the 15-19 year-old group(4.90%, 149/3 042). The positive rates of Nm were significantly different in different regions(χ 2=177.512, P<0.05), with the highest positive rate of Nm in Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Chengde and Baoding city in sequence. Among the isolated Nm strains, ungroupable serogroups, serogroup B, serogroup C, and serogroup W accounted for 71.49%(178/249), 13.65%(34/249), 6.83%(17/249) and 4.42%(11/249), respectively. Conclusions:The carriage rate of Nm among healthy population is generally low in Hebei Province. It is recommended to continue to strengthen monitoring, pay attention to the changes and distribution characteristics of Nm, and formulate scientific and targeted prevention and control measures of meningococcal disease.

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the impact of meningococcal vaccine immunization on the incidence of meningococcal meningitis, aiming to refine the local immunization strategies and programs. Methods Data on the reported incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Hebei province for 1970-2023 were collected, and interrupted time-series( ITS) analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the levels and slope change of the incidence of meningococcal meningitis before and after vaccine immunization and before and after inclusion in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Results The annual average reported incidences of meningococcal meningitis in Hebei province before vaccination (1970-1979), before (1980-2007) and after (2008-2023) the inclusion of the vaccine in the EPI were respectively 20.79 per 100 000, 1.66 per 100 000, and 0.018 per 100 000. The interrupted time-series analysis from 1970 to 2023 showed an initial meningitis incidence rate of 24.12 per 100 000 (t=9.86, P<0.05), with an average annual decrease of 1.07 per 100 000 (t=-2.42, P<0.05). After the introduction of the meningococcal vaccine in 1980, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis decreased quickly with an annual average decline of 18.39 per 100 000, showing a significant short-term intervention effect (t=-2.70, P<0.05); however, the rate of decrease slowed over the long term to 0.13 per 100 000, with the long-term intervention effect not being significant (P>0.05). And the incidence was significantly increased due to the outbreak (t=7.80, P<0.05). From 1980 to 2023, the initial level of incidence was 5.13 per 100 000 (t=8.70, P<0.05), and decreased by 0.23/100 000 per year on average (t=-6.42, P<0.05). After the inclusion of the vaccine in the EPI in 2008, the rate of decrease further slowed down to an average of 0.008 per 100,000 per year, with the long-term intervention effect being significant (t=2.50, P<0.05); the impact of epidemic outbreaks on incidence during this period was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Meningococcal meningitis vaccination has led to a general downward trend in the incidence of meningitis in Hebei Province, and has flattened the trend of increased incidence caused by outbreaks. Therefore, long-term maintenance in immunization programs on the meningococcal meningitis is necessary. In addition, it is important to strengthen the monitoring of the distribution of epidemic serogroups in patients and healthy carriers, and to adjust immunization strategies timely based on changes in bacterial populations, selecting and promoting vaccines accordingly for the prevalent strains.

Objective:To explore the association between internet use and healthy lifestyles in urban adults.Methods:From May to August, 2022, a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in residents aged 18-64 years selected in the urban area of Hangzhou by integrated cluster stratified random sampling and Kish grid method. The information about internet use included the internet use time in the past 7 days and 12 kinds of internet use contents. Using factor analysis and K-means clustering, three types of internet use were summarized, i.e. general type, video game type and working/learning type. Healthy lifestyles were defined as active physical activity, healthy diet habit, non-smoking, non-drinking, healthy weight, and healthy waist circumference. The correlations between internet use and healthy lifestyles were evaluated by using binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses.Results:A total of 1 624 participants were included. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the longer internet use time group (≥8.5 h/d) was less likely to have healthy weight ( OR=0.59, 95% CI:0.41-0.85) and 5-6 healthy lifestyles ( OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.96) compared with those with shorter internet use time group (<2.5 h/d). For different types of internet use, it was found that compared with working/learning type group, the general type group was less likely to have healthy diet habits ( OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.86), non-drinking ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.47-0.99), healthy waist circumference ( OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.84) and 5-6 healthy lifestyles ( OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.23-0.69), the video game type group was less likely to have active physical activity ( OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97) and healthy diet habits ( OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.62-0.99). Conclusion:Too long internet use (≥8.5 h/d), general type and video game type of internet use were associated with unhealthy lifestyles.

Objective:To analyze the trend of liver cancer mortality in rural key areas of Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shandong Province, and Henan Province (4 provinces) from 2009 to 2019 and to explore the influence of behavioral risk factors on liver cancer mortality and its lagging effect, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in China.Methods:Based on the 2009-2019 National Cause of Death Surveillance Database of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the survey data of tumor and risk factor behavior of residents in key areas of 4 provinces, Joinpoint 4.2 software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for assessing the temporal trend of standardized mortality of liver cancer; Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test were used to analyze the regional distribution difference and temporal change trend of behavioral habit factors. Stata 16 was used to establish a panel model to analyze the correlation and lagging effect of behavioral risk factors with liver cancer.Results:The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in Jinhu County, Sheyang County, Lingbi County, Shou County, Mengcheng County, Wenshang County, Juye County, Luoshan County, Shenqiu County, and Xiping County showed a downward trend (AAPC<0, P<0.05) from 2009 to 2019. The consumption frequency of pickles/salted fish, red meat, and aquatic products showed a downward trend. The consumption frequency of healthy foods such as fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and dairy products in all counties and districts showed an upward trend, and the consumption frequency of fried foods, kimchi, smoked foods, moldy foods, coffee, and soy products remained at a low level ( P<0.05); but the consumption frequency of soy products and dairy products was still <20.00%. Fried food, pickles/salted fish, current smoking rate, alcohol consumption rate, and unvaccinated hepatitis B vaccine rate were positively correlated with liver cancer death, and there was a lag effect, and the lag period was 4, 1, 6, 5, 4 years respectively. Conclusions:From 2009 to 2019, the mortality rate of liver cancer in rural key areas of 4 provinces shows a downward trend. There is a correlation and lagging effect between behavioral risk factors such as fried food, smoking, and alcohol consumption and liver cancer death.

Objective:To explores the relationship between self-efficacy and marital adjustment in infertile couples based on Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) .Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. A total of 310 infertile couples who underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle treatment in Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January to April 2022 were selected as the research objects by the convenient sampling method. General Self-Efficacy Scale and Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test were used to investigate. The relationship between self-efficacy and marital adjustment of infertile couples was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and APIM. A total of 310 groups of questionnaires were distributed (1 group was 1 couple) , and 293 groups of effective questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 94.5%. Results:The self-efficacy scores of infertile couples were (25.08±5.54) for wives and (27.08±5.35) for husbands, and the self-efficacy scores of wives were lower than those of husbands ( P<0.01) . In the score of marital adjustment, the wives scored (109.39±23.13) and the husbands scored (111.99±20.87) . The APIM analysis results show that in terms of subjective effects, the self-efficacy of both infertile couples could affect their own marital adjustment (β=0.166, 0.408; P<0.01) . In terms of object effects, the husbands' self-efficacy could affect the wives' marital adjustment (β=0.117, P<0.05) . Conclusions:The self-efficacy of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle treatment is at the middle level, and the marriage adjustment is generally good. The self-efficacy of couples is closely related to their own marital adjustment, and the self-efficacy of husbands can also positively affect the wifes' marital adjustment. In clinical work, infertile couples should be regarded as a whole, focusing on the binary interaction between both parties, and developing targeted measures to help infertile couples improve their self-efficacy, thereby improving marital adjustment, improving health outcomes, and stabilizing family relationships.

Objective: To investigate the mortality and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases and their trends among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the development of the chronic disease control strategy. Methods: The data regarding the mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 were captured from the Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Diseases Surveillance Information Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality by the sixth population census data in Zhejiang Province in 2010 and probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases were estimated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature death were analyzed in Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 6 436 deaths occurred due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020. The crude and standardized mortality rates were 183.33/105 and 152.88/105, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-1.099% and -2.926%, both P<0.05), and the probability of premature death reduced from 10.40% in 2005 to 6.78% in 2020, which appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-2.827%, P<0.05). The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-2.681%, -6.571% and -2.286%, all P<0.05), while no significant changing trend was seen in the probability of premature death due to chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-4.263%, P>0.05). The probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases reduced from 13.55% in 2005 to 9.36% in 2020 among male residents (AAPC=-2.150%, P<0.05), and reduced from 7.18% in 2005 to 4.22% in 2020 among female residents (AAPC=-4.149%, P<0.05). Conclusions The mortality and probability of premature death due to chronic diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, and there was a significant decline in the probability of premature death for malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.

To explore the influencing factors of perceived stress among frontline nurses during COVID-19, and the role of positive psychological capital in anxiety sensitivity and stress perception, so as to provide evidence for reducing the perceived stress of frontline nurses. From December 2021 to January 2022, 475 frontline nurses from 8 hospitals in X city were investigated by general data questionnaire, positive psychological capital, anxiety sensitivity index and perceived stress scale. The results showed that there were significant differences in nurses’ perceived stress in age, working years, professional title and salary. Perceived stress was positively correlated with anxiety sensitivity, negatively correlated with positive psychological capital, and anxiety sensitivity was negatively correlated with positive psychological capital. Anxiety sensitivity can not only directly predict perceived stress, but also negatively affect perceived stress through positive psychological capital. Therefore, during the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, nurses can obtain effective stress coping strategies by strengthening their positive psychological capital, thus reducing their anxiety and perceived stress, and better providing high-quality nursing services for patients.