Objective To investigate the role of RNA-binding motif protein X-linked(RBMX)in regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis in human bladder cancer cells.Methods A lentivirus vectors system and RNA interference technique were used to construct bladder cancer 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown,respectively,and successful cell modeling was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Proliferation and colony forming ability of the cells were evaluated using EdU assay and colony-forming assay,and cell migration and invasion abilities were determined using Transwell experiment.The expressions of glycolysis-related proteins M1 pyruvate kinase(PKM1)and M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)were detected using Western blotting.The effects of RBMX overexpression and knockdown on glycolysis in the bladder cancer cells were assessed using glucose and lactic acid detection kits.Results RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed successful construction of 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown.RBMX overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation,clone formation,migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Western blotting results showed that RBMX overexpression increased the expression of PKM1 and decreased the expression of PKM2,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Glucose consumption and lactate production levels were significantly lowered in the cells with RBMX overexpression(P<0.05)but increased significantly following RBMX knockdown(P<0.05).Conclusion RBMX overexpression inhibits bladder cancer progression and lowers glycolysis level in bladder cancer cells by downregulating PKM2 expression,suggesting the potential of RBMX as a molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of RNA-binding motif protein X-linked(RBMX)in regulating the proliferation,migration,invasion and glycolysis in human bladder cancer cells.Methods A lentivirus vectors system and RNA interference technique were used to construct bladder cancer 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown,respectively,and successful cell modeling was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Proliferation and colony forming ability of the cells were evaluated using EdU assay and colony-forming assay,and cell migration and invasion abilities were determined using Transwell experiment.The expressions of glycolysis-related proteins M1 pyruvate kinase(PKM1)and M2 pyruvate kinase(PKM2)were detected using Western blotting.The effects of RBMX overexpression and knockdown on glycolysis in the bladder cancer cells were assessed using glucose and lactic acid detection kits.Results RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed successful construction of 1376 and UC-3 cell models with RBMX overexpression and knockdown.RBMX overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation,clone formation,migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Western blotting results showed that RBMX overexpression increased the expression of PKM1 and decreased the expression of PKM2,while RBMX knockdown produced the opposite effects.Glucose consumption and lactate production levels were significantly lowered in the cells with RBMX overexpression(P<0.05)but increased significantly following RBMX knockdown(P<0.05).Conclusion RBMX overexpression inhibits bladder cancer progression and lowers glycolysis level in bladder cancer cells by downregulating PKM2 expression,suggesting the potential of RBMX as a molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a common tumor of the digestive system with a high degree of malignancy. Most patients are in the advanced stages of the disease when they develop symptoms. Although the detection rate of traditional screening methods is improving with advances in imaging and the popularity of colonoscopy, the diagnosis of early, asymptomatic colon cancer is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is particularly important to further study the occurrence and development mechanism of colorectal cancer and obtain new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment.? In recent years, with the deepening of epigenetics research, the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer has gradually attracted attention. This paper will review the research progress of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer′s diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating mild amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:Twenty-five patients with aMCI were randomly divided into an observation group of 13 and a control group of 12. The observation group was given 10-Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 80% of the motor threshold-400 pulses a day, 5 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The control group received sham stimulation on the same schedule. Before and after the experiment, both groups were evaluated using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and received fMRI scans.Results:After the intervention, the average MoCA score of the observation group had improved significantly more compared with that of the control group and compared with before the intervention. According to the fMRI results, regional homogeneity in the right middle frontal gyrus of the observation group had increased significantly, while that of the control group both there and in the left precuneus had decreased significantly.Conclusions:High-frequency rTMS can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with aMCI and synchronize neuron activity in cognition-related brain regions.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing,a key technique of rapid prototyping (RP),is developing rapidly all over the world.As 3D printing has a significant advantage of personalized manufacturing,it has exerted a profound effect on medicine.The high demand for personalized manufacturing in the field of orthosis provides an excellent opportunity for widespread use of 3D printing technique.This review briefly introduces the principles and characteristics of different forming methods of 3D printing,the types and characteristics of 3D printing materials widely used at present,and classification and clinical application of orthoses.We also summarize the domestic and international research on and manufacture oforthoses using 3D printing techniques,and discuss current problems and future development of 3D printing techniques in orthosis.

Objective To apply the surface electromyography (sEMG) in the evaluation of hand motor function for patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Methods From January to August, 2018, 43 hemiplegic patients with hand dysfunction after stroke were selected. All the patients received comprehensive rehabilitation for four weeks. Their root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of wrist flexor (WF), wrist extensor (WE), extensor digitorum (ED) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were measured before and after treatment, while they were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Brunnstrom's stages for the affected hand. Results The FMA score and Brunnstrom's stages, as well as the RMS and iEMG of WF, WE, ED and APB increased after treatment (Z > 2.496, t > 5.361, P < 0.05). The FMA score positively correlated with the RMS and iEMG of WF, WE, ED and APB (r = 0.423-0.732, P < 0.05). The Brunnstrom's stages positively correlated with the RMS of WE, ED and ABP (r = 0.343-0.467, P < 0.05) and the iEMG of WF, WE and ABP (r = 0.223-0.328, P < 0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression drew the RMS of ED and iEMG of WE as the related factors for FMA (t > 4.243, P < 0.001), and RMS of ED as the related factors for Brunnstrom's stages (t = 4.707, P < 0.001). Conclusions EMG is an effective tool to evaluate the motor function of hand for stroke patient as an objective and quantitative assessment, especially those of WE and ED.

Objective To observe the development and progression of autophagy,and investigate the effect of autophagy on recovery of neurological dysfunction in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Preparation of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models was performed by Longa method.(1) Forty-two SD rats were randomly assigned to blank control 1 group (n=9) and MCAO 1 group (n=33),and the rats of the MCAO 1 group were randomly divided into 6,12,48 and 72 h subgroups (n=6) and 24 h subgroup (n=9) according to the reperfusion times;the ultrastructural changes and autophagosome formation in hippocarnpal tissues of the blank control 1 group (n=3) and 24-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroup (n=3) were observed under transmission electron microscope;the expressions of microtubule associated proteins light chain-3 (LC3)-Ⅱ,LC3-Ⅰ and Beclin-1 in the hippocampal tissues of each group (n=6) were detected by Western blotting.(2) Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into blank control 2 group,MCAO 2 group and 3-methyladenine (3-MA,autophagy inhibitor) group (60 min prior to MCAO,injection of 10 μL [600 nmoL] 3-MA dilution into the lateral ventricle by stereotactic technique,n=6);the neurological rehabilitation of rats was analyzed by modified neurological severity scale (mNSS) one,3,5 and 7 d after reperfusion;the morphological changes and number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampal tissues were observed by HE staining 7 d after reperfusion.Results (1) The formation ofautophagy in the 24-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroup was clearly observed under microscope;as compared with blank control 1 group,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ (excepted for 72-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroup) and Beclin-1 expression in the hippocampus of 6,12,24 and 48-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroups were significantly increased (P＜0.05);as compared with those in the 24-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroup,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin-1 expression in the hippocampus of 6,12,48 and 72-h-reperfusion MCAO 1 subgroups were significantly decreased (P＜ 0.05).(2) As compared with those the MCAO 2 group,the mNSS scores of 3-MA group were significantly decreased 3,5 and 7 d after surgery (P＜0.05);HE staining indicated that the injury of neurons in the hippocampus of 3-MA group was alleviated,and the number of apoptotic cells in the 3-MA group was significantly smaller than that in the MCAO 2 group ([14.00±2.10]/field vs.[37.83± 2.64]/field,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can activate autophagy,by which it can alleviate brain damage and improve its neurological dysfunction in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND:As a new self-synthetized medical orthopedic fixation material, micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material can promote the secretion of alkaline phosphatase and cal us formation, decrease serum calcium level, as wel as increase serum phosphorus level and calcium-phosphorus product. OBJECTIVE:To further verify the therapeutic effect of micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material on fracture healing. METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were selected to prepare models of right radial fracture, and then were randomly al ocated into four groups:rabbits in micron group were treated with micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material (micron Panax notoginseng powder mixed with active ingredients of Daval ia divaricata and Carthamus tinctoriousplus) plus plaster external fixation;those in traditional Chinese medicine control group treated with ordinary Chinese medicine functional material plus plaster external fixation;those in lining material control group treated with ordinary lining material (sterile degreasing cotton) plus plaster external fixation;those in model control group received no treatment. The whole blood viscosity at high/middle/low shear rates and plasma viscosity were detected at 2, 4 and 6 weeks before and after modeling. Additional y, rabbits in each group were kil ed at 6 weeks after modeling, and radial samples were removed for histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The whole blood viscosity at high/middle/low shear rates and plasma viscosity in the micron group were al lower than those in the other three groups in the same period, and had significant differences from those in the model control group at 4 and 6 weeks after modeling (P<0.05 or 0.01). A large number of osteoblasts could be found, woven bone began to form and the bone marrow cavity was recanalized in the micron group;in the traditional Chinese medicine group, woven bone, chondrocytes and endochondral ossification coexisted and there was a connection between cal uses inside and outside of the broken end, but the bone marrow cavity was not recanalized. In contrast, neither connection between cal uses inside and outside of the broken end, nor recanalized bone marrow cavity appeared in the lining material and model control groups. In conclusion, micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material can promote fracture healing by improving microcirculation and accelerating osteoblast proliferation.

Objective To investigate the best pathway of laparoscopic surgery for choledocholithiasis. Methods According to MRCP,the cystic duct was divided into four types.The thick-straight type (n =89)and the thin-crooked type (n =65)patients randomly received the laparoscopic operations via the cystic duct or com-mon bile duct.The operation time,transit operation rate,complication rate and length of hospital stay after opera-tion were analysed.Results There were 46 cases of the thick-straight type via cystic duct,43 cases via common bile duct.The former had shorter operation time and hospital stay after operation (P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in transit operation rate and complication rate.There were 32 cases of the thin-crooked type via cystic duct and 33 cases via common bile duct and there were significant differences in the operation time, transit operation rate,complication rate and length of hospital stay after operation(P <0.05).Conclusion Ac-cording to different types,LCTBDE is suitable for the patients with thick-straight type,and LCHTD can be per-formed in thin-crooked type.Therefore,it can maximize the advantage of minimally invasive surgery.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum pepsinogen (PG) in healthy people and its reference interval establishment .Methods 3 753 healthy people were enrolled and divided into <45-year old ,45- <60-year old and ≥60-year old group according to their ages .Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect PG Ⅰ ,Ⅱ . Results Detection results of serum PG Ⅰ ,PGⅡ and PGⅠ /PGⅡ of male and female healthy people in different age group showed a skewed distribution(P<0 .05) .Serum PGⅠ and PGⅠ /PGⅡlevels of females were significantly higher than males(P<0 .01) .In the same age group ,difference of serum PGⅡ levels between males and females was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .In the same gender ,pairwise comparison of PGⅠlevels was conducted in different age groups ,and the difference showed no statistical sig-nificance(P>0 .05) .PGⅡlevel increased with age increasing (P<0 .01) while PGⅠ /PGⅡlevel increased with age reducing (P<0 .05) .Percentile method was adopted to determine the 95% reference interval ,the bilateral reference intervals (P2 .5 - P97 .5 ) was taken for PGⅠ ,unilateral upper limit(≤ P95 ) for PGⅡ and unilateral limit (≥ P5 ) for PGⅠ /PGⅡ .Conclusion The establishment of serum PG Ⅰ ,PG Ⅱ ,PG Ⅰ /PG Ⅱ reference intervals of healthy people provides a basis for the prevention and treatment for stomach disease .