Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

Objective: To diagnose a large family of patients with hereditary angioedema, and to study its inheritance pattern and gene locus. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out from August 2021 to February 2022 in a proband (female, 48 years old) and 12 family members who underwent medical history collection and laboratory examinations in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. The clinical data of members and non-affected members [including 7 males and 5 females, aged 12-78 (median 24) years old], were drawn a family map while confirming the diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing technology was used to detect the genetic sequence of the proband and to verify its family members to map the genetic pedigree of the mutation. Results: The inheritance pattern of the family was autosomal dominant, and 8 members of the family were diagnosed with hereditary angioedema by laboratory examination, including 7 cases of type I and 1 case of type Ⅱ. Whole exome sequencing analysis was performed on 2 patients with 2 phenotypes, and it was found that they both carried the same pathogenic mutation locus, which was c.890-2A>G. The family members were verified by next-generation sequencing, and it was found that all members of the family who had a history of edema contained this mutation site, while the younger brother of the proband who had no history of edema did not have this mutation. Conclusion: Both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ phenotypes are present in this hereditary angioedema family, and the mutation of SERPING1 gene c.890-2A>G causes the onset of each patient in this family.
Angioedemas, Hereditary/genetics* ; Asian People ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retrospective Studies

Objective : To analyze the screening results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and HIV co-infections in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, so as to provide insights into improving the tuberculosis control strategy. Methods : Data pertaining to HIV antibody testing among tuberculosis patients, MTB testing among HIV/AIDS patients, treatment of patients with MTB and HIV co-infections and prognosis of anti-tuberculosis therapy were collected from the annual working reports for the management of MTB and HIV co-infections in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, and the screening, treatment and prognosis of MTB and HIV co-infections were analyzed. Results : A total of 35 385 newly identified tuberculosis patients were reported in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020, and there were 5 854 cases receiving HIV testing. The annual mean percentage of HIV screening was 17.57%, and the HIV screening rate appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020 (χ2trend=4 926.309, P<0.001). Eleven patients were tested positive for HIV, with an annual mean HIV positive rate of 0.19%. A total of 26 043 HIV/AIDS patients received MTB screening, with an annual mean screening rate of 95.78%, and the annual screening rate of MTB appeared a tendency towards a rise in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020 (χ2trend=79.077, P<0.001). A total of 81 tuberculosis patients were detected, with an annual mean detection rate of 0.31%. Among the 92 patients with MTB and HIV co-infections, there were 81 patients receiving anti-tuberculosis and antiviral therapy simultaneously (88.04%), 8 cases receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy alone (8.70%), 2 cases receiving antiviral therapy alone (2.17%) and 1 case without therapy (1.09%). Among the 89 MTB and HIV co-infected patients receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy, 27 cases were cured (30.34%), 53 cases completing the course of treatment (59.55%) and 7 cases died. Conclusions The MTB screening rate among HIV/AIDS patients and the percentage of MTB and HIV co-infected patients with successful anti-tuberculosis treatment were high in Ningbo City from 2012 to 2020; however, the HIV screening rate should be improved among tuberculosis patients.

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte (Eph) receptors are the largest subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and are involved in the physiological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, and axon guidance. Recent studies have shown that Eph receptors are overexpressed in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and play an important role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This article explores the mechanism of action of Eph receptors in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and points out that Eph receptors may be important molecules in the development and progression of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

In order to study the biological function of pig BST-2 gene,the BST-2 gene was amplified with specific primers from porcine kidney tissue,and molecular characterization of BST-2 nuclectide and amino acid sequence were analyzed with bioinformatics tools and online server.Then the prokaryotic expression and tissue expression profile analysis was carried out.The results showed that the full length of pig BST-2 gene was 851 bp and contained 23 bp of 5'-UTR,294 bp of 3'-UTR and 534 bp of CDS and the gene encoded 177 aa.Amino acid sequence analysis of pig BST-2 protein showed 46.1％ identity with gorilla gorilla,41.7％ with cricetulus griseus,39.5％ with mus musculus,35.4％ with equus asinus,42.0％ with felis catus,40.5％ with bos mutus,44.4％ with macaca mulatta,38.7％ with ovis aries and 46.8％ with homo sapiens.BST-2 protein contained 2 transmembrane structure (27-49 aa and 154-176 aa),2 glycosylation sites and 14 potential phosphorylation sites including ATM,CK Ⅱ,PKA,PKC binding sites.The pig BST-2 protein was expressed in Vero cells after translated the recombinant plasmid FLAG-BST-2.Semiquantitative PCR results showed that BST-2 gene was expressed in all the tissues,especially in lymph nodes,thymus,tonsils,spleen,large intestine and small intestine.This study provide a foundation for further understanding the antiviral mechanism of pig BST-2 protein.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of RhoA down-regulation by RNA interference on the invasion of tongue carcinoma Tca8113 and SCC-4.

METHODSDetermination of the human RhoA sequence as well as the design and constructionof a short specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were performed. The siRNA of RhoA gene was transfected into humantongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells line by Lipofectamine 2000. Quantitative real-time polymerasechain reaction was used to examine the mRNA expressionlevels of RhoA. Protein expressions of mRNA, galectin-3,and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated byWestern blot. Transwell invasion assay was performed toassess the invasion ability of tongue carcinoma.

RESULTSRhoA expressions in Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells were reducedsignificantly after transfection of RhoA-siRNA. Protein levels f galectin-3 and MVP-9 were also down-regulated significantly. Invasion ability was inhibited as well.

CONCLUSIONRhoA-siRNA can effectively inhibit RhoA expression in Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells. The invasion ability of tongue carcinoma cells decreased with down-regulation of the protein expressions of galectin-3 and MMP-9, indicating that RhoA-siRNA can inhibit invasion of tongue carcinoma. Results show that RhoA may play an important role in the processes of invasion and metastasis of tongue carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

Objective:To analyze survival in patients with advanced oral cancer from prospective clinical trials. Methods:From 2008 to 2010, 256 patients with oral cancer at clinical stage III/IVA were randomly categorized into two groups. Patients in the experi-mental group received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and post-operative radiation, and patients in the control group underwent surgery and post-operative radiation. All patients were routinely followed-up after treatments. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, and differences were considered statistically significant at P value lower than 0.05. Results: Each group was composed of 128 patients. With the median follow-up period of 60 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 61.7%and the disease-free survival rate was 53.9%. The overall survival rate (P=0.350) and the disease-free survival rate (P=0.160) were not sig-nificantly different between the experimental and control groups. Patients with positive pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemo-therapy exhibited significantly improved overall survival (P＜0.05). Conclusion:Radical surgery should be emphasized to improve the prognosis of oral cancer. Functional reconstruction could also improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Despite that neo-adju-vant chemotherapy could not improve the survival of patients with advanced oral cancer in entirety, it could benefit patients exhibiting positive treatment responses.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of short-term intensive statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) .Methods A total of 218 ACS patients admitted in Hangzhou First People′s Hospital from March 2013 to July 2013 were enrolled into this study .The patients were randomly assigned to receive atorvastatin 80 mg/d during hospitalization , and 40 mg/night after discharge for one month ( intensive group , n=107 );or receive atorvastin 20 mg during hospitalization and 20 mg/night after discharge for one month ( control group, n =111 ).The biochemical indexes were measured on the admission and after one-month treatment.Results After one-month treatment, the total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol of intensive group were significantly lower , and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than baseline values ( 0.75 ±0.14 ) mmol/L vs.( 1.52 ±0.88 ) mmol/L, P<0.05;(2.21 ±0.78)mmol/L vs.(4.55 ±1.12)mmol/L, P<0.05;(1.76 ±0.31)mmol/L vs.(2.23 ±0.77) mmol/L, P<0.05; (1.15 ±0.34) vs.(1.52 ±0.41) mmol/L, P<0.05.The liver enzymes creatine kinase in intensive group was not significantly changed , but the creatinine levels decreased (82.53 ±23.85)μmol/L vs.(57.81 ±15.27) μmol/L, P<0.05, and the blood homocysteine and ultra-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels also decreased compared with the baseline ( 10.52 ±4.66 ) mmol/L vs.(30.70 ±18.82 ) mmol/L, P <0.05;( 8.06 ±2.68 ) mg/L vs.( 19.75 ±11.91 ) mg/L, P <0.05. Conclusions Short-term intensive statin therapy can effectively reduce blood lipid , cholesterol and homocysteine levels and raise HDL cholesterol levels; also with its anti-inflammatory and renal protective effect the therapy can provide more clinical benefit for patients with ACS .

Objective To assess value of serum level of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in diagnosis for myocardial ischemia of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Seventy-two patients with clinically suspected myocardial ischemia of CAD admitted to The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou during November 2009 to May 2010 ready for undergoing coronary angiography, the gold standard for diagnosis of CAD, were randomly selected for the study. The patients were divided into CAD and non-CAD groups based on their coronary angiography. Serum level of IMA was determined with cobalt-albumin binding ( ACB) assay before coronary angiography, which served as diagnostic standard for CAD. Logistic regression analysis method was used to evaluate varied levels of IMA with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) in diagnosis for myocardial ischemia of CAD. Results Mean level of IMA was (97 ±24) U/ml and (81 ±15) U/ml for CAD group (n =51) and non-CAD group (n =21), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off value of IMA 83.69 U/ml in diagnosis for myocardial ischemia of CAD was 80 percent and 57 percent, respectively, with a predictive value of a positive test 82 percent and that of a negative test 55 percent, respectively, from AUCROC. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both hypertension (P=0. 022, 6 = 1.421, OR=4. 141) and level of IMA (P=0.003, b= 1.780, OR=5.928) were independent predictors for CAD. Conclusions Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of a positive test of the level of IMA are relatively high in diagnosis for myocardial ischemia of CAD, which is an independent predictor of it.