Parkinson's disease(PD)depression is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of PD,but depression is often ignored in the early stages of PD and is not treated in time.With the progression of the disease,the symptoms of depression become more prominent,and patients tend to commit suicide in severe cases,which seriously reduces the quality of life of patients.At present,although there are many clinical treatment methods for PD with depression,but the clinical effect is not clear,and there is still a lack of effective therapeutic intervention means and methods.In this paper,the more common treatment methods are summarized,to develop an individualized treatment plan for PD patients with depression.

Arterial stiffness plays a major role in the pathogenesis of numerous age-related diseases.Pulse wave velocity, distensibility, wave reflection, and pulse pressure are used to assess arterial stiffness, but the features and clinical significance of each parameter are different.Combined application of these parameters can comprehensively evaluate arterial stiffness.This review summarizes the methods and research progress of noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness.

The aim of the work is to improve the synthetic process of dexrabeprazole sodium,enhance quality and yield of the product,simplify synthetic steps,and offer a stable and feasible process. Starting from 2-[[[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridine-2-yl]methyl]thio]-1 H-benzimidazole,dexrabeprazole was produced by asym-metric oxidation reaction with oxidant cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of chiral catalyst tetraisopropyl titan-ate and L-(+)-tartaric acid diethyl ester. Dexrabeprazole sodium was obtained by the reaction of purified dexrabeprazole with sodium hydroxide in a total yield of 79%with an HPLC purity of ＞99. 5%. The structure of dexrabeprazole sodium was confirmed by NMR,IR,elemental analysis and LC-MS. The improved process of dexrabeprazole sodium possesses simple operations,good yield and high purity,which is feasible for industrializa-tion.

Objective To investigate the effect of statin on trabecular bone microstructure by using trabecular bone score (TBS), a new type of bone microstructure evaluation index. Methods A total of 253 middle and aged patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether statin was used or not, patients were divided into two groups: 90 patients in the statin use group (statin was use for more than 1 year) and 163 in the control group (not taken any statin). Serum biochemical indicators, such as triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, fasting blood glucose and 25 hydroxy vitamin D, were compared between the two groups. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck. TBS was calculated with TBS iNsight? software, and the DXA image of lumbar spine were analyzed. Results Values of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in statin group compared with those of control group (P<0.001), while no significant differences in other biochemical indicators between two groups (P>0.05). There was higher lumbar spine BMD statin group compared to that of control group (g/cm2:1.04 ± 0.19 vs. 0.96 ± 0.14, P<0.01). There was higher lumbar spine BMD and higher TBS (1.31±0.09 vs. 1.26±0.09, P<0.01) in statin group than that of control group. There was no difference in the femoral neck BMD between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Statin increases lumbar spine BMD and improves trabecular bone microstructure in middle and aged people.

Objective To explore the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine and cystatin C and the SYNTAX score in old patients with coronary heart disease. Methods Two hundred and fifty-six consecutive old patients with coronary heart disease were included in this study. The patients were angiographically diagnosed with coronary heart disease between January 2013 and April 2014 at the Department of Cardiology.eGFR was caculated by using BIS2 equation based on creatinine and cystatin C.SYNTAX score was caculated by SYNTAX score algorithm. Multiple linear regression and ordinal logsitic regreesion was used to analyze the association between eGFR and SYNTAX score. Results In patients with normal of renal function [eGFR≥90 ml/(min·1.73 m2), 110 patients], mild renal insufficiency [60 ml/(min · 1.73 m2) ≤ eGFR<90 ml/(min · 1.73 m2), 98 patients], midrange and severe renal insufficiency[eGFR<60 ml/(min · 1.73 m2), 48 patients], with the decrease in renal function of patients, SYNTAX score increased: (15.42 ± 9.65), (25.24 ± 8.34), (33.73 ± 10.15) scores, P<0.01. eGFR was an independent predictor of SYNTAX score (r=-0.059, P<0.01).eGFR was negatively correlated with SYNTAX score (r=-0.457, P<0.01). Conclusions eGFR is an independent predictor of SYNTAX score and negatively correlated with SYNTAX score in old patients with coronary heart disease. This might be helpful to explain the increased risk of coronary heart disease events and mortality in old patients with renal dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the effects of low dose intravenous minocycline postconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat,and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham-operation (SO)group,ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group,low-dose minocycline(3 mg/kg,LM)group and high-dose minocycline(10 mg/kg,HM)group. The rat model of myocardial IR was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 120 minutes.After the reperfusion,the parameters of haemodynamics were recorded;creatine kinase MB(CK-MB),cardiac troponin-I(cTn-I),malond-ialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)in serum and myocardium,myocardial apoptosis index(AI)and the myocardial tissue morphology were determined. Results Compared with IR group,LM and HM treatment significantly reduced the levels of CK-MB form,cTn-I,AI and MDA, lowered LVEDP,enhanced LVSP and ±dp/dtmax,elevated the activity of SOD in serum and myocardium(P<0.05). The effect of HM is stronger than LM on these above mentioned indicators,but the difference was not statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion LM postconditioning can protect against myocardial IR injury,and the protective effect may be related to the scavenging of oxide free radical,which further restrain the reac-tion of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the influence of renal insufficiency (RI) on long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) plus metabolic syndrome (MetS) and received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This was a retrospective study. From February, 2011 to Octorber, 2013 , we consecutivly enrolled 223 AMI patients with MetS in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. There were 88 patients with RI in group A, and 135 patients as the control group (group B). Patients were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) for 1 year. Results Compared with group B, the incidence of 1-year MACE of patients in group A was increased (36.4% vs. 18.5%, P= 0.003). Result of Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that RI was a predictive factor for 1-year MACE (HR = 3.56,95%CI 1.004 ~ 4.170, P = 0.002). Conclusion The incidence of 1-year MACE for AMI patients with RI and MetS post-PCI was high. RI was a risk factor for poor prognosis of AMI patients with MetS.

AIM:To investigate whether minocycline postconditioning protects rat myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion ( I/R ) injury through attenuating poly ( ADP-ribose ) polymerase-1 ( PARP-1 ) excessive activation. METHODS:The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 45 min and then reopened for 2 h to establish the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.The male Wistar rats ( n =90 ) were randomly divided into sham group, I/R group, low-and high-dose minocycline groups, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, PARP inhibitor) group.The myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC) staining.The morpho-logical changes of the myocardium were observed with HE staining.The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected using in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL) .The level of tumor necrosis factorα( TNF-α) and interleukin 1β( IL-1β) in the serum were measured by ELISA.The content of poly( ADP-ribose) ( PAR) in the reperfused myocardium and peripheral leukocytes were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, PAR expression, TNF-αcontent and IL-1βconcentration increased in all other groups.Compared with I/R group, treatment with low and high doses of minocycline and 3-AB significantly reduced the infarct size and myocardial apoptosis.PAR expression, TNF-αcontent and IL-1βconcentration in low-and high-dose minocycline groups and 3-AB group all decreased.No significant difference of the above parameters between high-dose minocycline group and 3-AB group was observed.CONCLUSION: Minocy-cline postconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by depressing the activation of PARP-1 in car-diomyocytes and peripheral leukocytes in rats.

Objective:To explore the influence of chronic cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) treatment on blood glucose and car-diomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats .Methods:In vivo MI model of rat was established using male GK diabetic rats and male Wistar rats (all weighing 200g~250g) .Blood glucose level was measured before model establishment .Af-ter successful operation ,rats were divided into six groups:Wistar sham operation group ,Wistar MI group ,Wistar MI + CoCl2 group ,GK sham operation group ,GK MI group and GK MI + CoCl2 group ,six rats survived in each group at least .After three weeks ,blood glucose level was measured and heart was excised ,expression of Caspase-3 apoptosis gene in ischemic necrosis area was measured .Results:(1) Compared with GK sham operation group and GK MI group on three weeks after operation ,there was significant reduction in blood glucose level [ (27.73 ± 2.58) mmol/L ,(27.87 ± 3.18) mmol/L vs .(16.3 ± 2.15) mmol/L] in GK MI + CoCl2 group ,P<0.05 both;(2) Compared with GK MI group ,there were significant reductions in optical density [ (0.84 ± 0.03) vs .(0.70 ± 0.03)] and mRNA ex-pression [ (0.64 ± 0.03) vs .(0.52 ± 0.03)] of Caspase-3 in GK MI + CoCl2 group ,P<0.05 both;(3) There were no significant difference in blood glucose level ,optical density and mRNA expression of Caspase-3 in Wistar MI group and Wistar MI + CoCl2 group , P>0.05 all .Conclusion:Chronic cobalt chloride treatment can decrease blood glucose level and reduce expression of Caspase-3 apoptosis gene in ischemic necrosis area in diabetic rats .

Objective To explore the clinical values of ST-segment changes in ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients within 24 hours after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 225 patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI were enrolled,the ST segment resolution 1 hour after PCI was calculated and the patients were divided into group A (n =135,∑STE resolved ≥ 50％) and group B (n =90,∑STE resolved ＜ 50％).The patients in group B were further divided into group C (n =56,∑STE resolved ≥ 50％) and group D (n =34,∑STE resolved ＜ 50％) according to the ST segment resolution at 24 hours after PCI.TIMI flow after PCI,in-hospital major adverse cardiac events(MACE) and cardiac function about 7 days post PCI were analyzed.Results Data between group A and group B were similar except the incidence of pre-PCI Killip ≥ Ⅱ was significantly higher in group B than in group A (37.8％ (34/90) vs.17.0％ (23/135),P ＜ 0.05).Incidence of complicated diabetes (P ＜0.05),pre-PCI Killip≥ Ⅱ (55.9％ (19/34) vs.26.8％ (15/56),P ＜0.05) and multivessel disease(70.6％ (24/34) vs.35.7％ (20/56),P ＜ 0.05) were significantly higher in group D than in group C.TIMI 3 and the opening time of IRA was similar between group A and group B and between group C and group D.The incidence of in-hospital MACE was significantly higher in group B than in group A (14.4％ (13/90) vs.3.0％ (4/135),P ＜ 0.05) which was similar between group C and group D.Conclusion Early (1 hour) but not late (24 hours) ST resolution post PCI is related to a favorable clinical outcome in STEMI patients.