Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）， one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age， is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction， hyperandrogenemia， and polycystic ovarian morphology. As a leading cause of female infertility， PCOS affects 6%-20% of women globally. The complex and heterogeneous nature of PCOS has hindered the full elucidation of its pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal bile acid metabolism may contribute to the development of PCOS. Patients with PCOS exhibit reduced alpha diversity of gut microbiota， marked by decreased butyrate-producing bacteria and the proliferation of harmful genera such as Bacteroides. This shift leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction， chronic inflammation， and exacerbation of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia through dysregulation of short-chain fatty acid and sex hormone metabolism. Additionally， PCOS patients display distinct bile acid metabolic abnormalities， including elevated total bile acids， impaired classical synthesis pathways， activated alternative pathways， and abnormal accumulation of primary unconjugated bile acids. A bidirectional regulatory axis exists between gut microbiota and bile acids： microbiota modulate bile acid synthesis and metabolism， while bile acids shape microbial composition and abundance. Dysregulation of this gut microbiota-bile acid axis promotes the pathogenesis of PCOS. Therefore， optimizing gut microbiota composition and modulating bile acid metabolism represent novel therapeutic targets for PCOS. Further mechanistic exploration requires integrated animal models and population-based cohort studies to address individualized variability and safety concerns. This review summarizes the roles of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in PCOS pathogenesis， highlights their interactions， and discusses therapeutic potential， aiming to provide insights for both theoretical research and clinical management.

Objective To analyze the clinic features and hereditary characteristics of three subtypes of porokeratosis, namely disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata(PPPD) and porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) in five pedigrees with porokeratosis. Meth-ods After clinical and pathological diagnosis, every living family member of the five pedigrees with poro-kerotosis was undergoing medical examination and genetics analysis. These five pedigrees consisted of three DSAP pedigrees (totally 266 family members including 100 patients), and one PPPD pedigree (composing of 90 members including 26 patients), one PM pedigree (cornposing of 34 members including 17 patients). Results While diagnosed as porokeratosis, the five pedigrees included three distinctive variants, each with its own clinic characteristics. The lesions was initiated on the face in DSAP subtype, on palms and the flex-ion side of fingers in PPPD subtype; or involving sun-covered areas in PM subtype. Of the three subtypes of porokeratosis, the onset age in DSAP subtype was earliest, usually about 8-20 years old, about 14-20 years old in PPPD subtype, but PM subtype about 20-30 years old. Conclusions As a group of autosomal dominant genodermatosis, porokeratosis presented various clinic variants with different genetic basis. And, different subtype could be seen in a same patient or same pedigree.

This review summarized the current studies about the abnormality of blood cells morphology,transmembrane transport and membrane receptor and the change of Hemodynamies in essential hypertention.It suggests that these alternations play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertention.

Objective:To study on effects of Welling Granule on union of peptic ulcer and the gastrical ulcer induced by acetic acid in the rat. Methods:With random grouping method,the clinical recurrence rate of peptic ulcer,and regenerated macosa of healing gastric ulcer in the rat was investigated quantitatively with hematoxylin-eosin staining,and gastric wall combining macus amount,gastric acid and pepsin activity were determined.Results:Weiling Granule could decrease the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer,improve injury of the tissue of gastric macosa in the rat,increase gastric wall combining mucus amount,and decrease secretion of gastric acid.Conclusion:Weiling Granule can increase quality of ulcerative healing,which is possibly one of the mechanisms of anti- recurrence of peptic ulcer clinically.