OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of propofol on pyroptosis of macrophages. METHODS: Macrophages derived from bone marrow were extracted and divided into three groups: control group, LPS+ATP group and propofol+LPS+ATP group. The control group was not given any treatment; LPS+ATP group was given LPS 1 μg/mL stimulation for 4 h, then ATP 4 mM stimulation for 1 h; Propofol+LPS+ATP group was given propofol+LPS 1 μg/mL stimulation for 4 h, then ATP stimulation for 1 h. After treatment, the supernatant and cells of cell culture were collected. the cell activity was detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-18 were detected by Elisa. Western blot was used to detect the expression of caspase-1 protein and TLR4 on cell membran Immunohistochemical fluorescence was used to detect apoptosis of cells. RESULTS: LPS+ATP significantly decreased the viability of the macrophages and increased the cellular production of IL-1β and IL-18, activation of caspase-1 protein and the expression of TLR-4 on the cell membrane ( < 0.05). Treatment with propofol obviously reversed the changes induced by LPS+ATP. CONCLUSIONS LPS+ATP can induce pyroptosis of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, and propofol effectively inhibits such cell death, suggesting that propofol anesthesia is beneficial during operation and helps to regulate the immune function of in patients with sepsis.
Animals ; Caspase 1 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Propofol ; Pyroptosis

OBJECTIVE: To report on a novel KIR3DL3 allele identified in a southern Han Chinese individual. METHODS: Peripheral blood sample was collected from a voluntary blood donor with inconclusive result by KIR3DL3 sequence-based typing (SBT). Total mRNA was extracted and subjected to reverse transcription to obtain KIR3DL3 cDNA, which was then amplified by PCR with a pair of KIR3DL3-specific primers. The product was subjected to cDNA cloning and sequencing. RESULTS: cDNA cloning and sequencing have identified a wide-type KIR3DL3*00802 allele and a novel KIR3DL3*064 allele. The latter differed from KIR3DL3*00601 by a missense variant at codon 374[c.1184 C>T (p.Thr374Ile)] in exon 9. The novel KIR3DL3 allele has been officially assigned by the KIR subcommittee of World Health Organization Nomenclature Committee for factors of HLA system. CONCLUSION cDNA cloning and sequencing may be used to distinguish inconclusive results in KIR3DL3 SBT in order to identify novel KIR alleles.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of outpatient screening in department of general surgery during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 57 patients who visited surgery clinic and emergency department of Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between February 1st and 26th in 2020 were collected. There were 30 males and 27 females, aged (53±16)years, with a range from 17 to 87 years. All the 57 patients were measured score of outpatient screening in department of general surgery. The score ≥3 indicated high risk and the score < 3 indicated low risk. Observation indicators: (1) clinical data of patients; (2) score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (IQR), and comparison between groups was analyzed by the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical data of patients: of the 57 patients, there were 12 males and 14 females of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases, versus 18 males and 13 females of the 31 non-infection cases, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.805, P>0.05). The 26 confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 had an age of (57±16)years, and 31 non-infection cases had an age of (50±16) years, with no significant difference between the two groups ( t=-1.646, P>0.05). (2) Score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of patients: the score of outpatient screening for COVID-19 of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases was 3.0(4.0), versus 1.0(1.0) of the 31 non-infection cases, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-3.695, P<0.05). There were 17 and 9 of the 26 confirmed or suspected cases with high risks and low risks, respectively, versus 3 and 28 of the 31 non-infection cases, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=19.266, P<0.05). Conclusion:During the COVID-19 outbreak, outpatient screening in department of general surgery can effectively screen out high-risk patients.

Objective To explore the clinical prognosis and efficacy of adjuvant therapy with imatinib of postoperative patients with gastric intermediate-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Methods The clinicopathological data and follow-up data of 93 gastric intermediate-risk GIST cases from Jan 2005 to Dec 2016 at Union Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to assess the prognostic factors.Results There were 93 patients undergoing complete GIST resection with 42(45％) cases receiving post-op imatinib 400 mg/d for targeted therapy.The median target therapy period was 12 (6-72) months.86％ (80 cases) patients were followed up for 46 (6-120) months.The 1-,3-,5-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFS) of the whole group were 100％,91.5％,88.5％ respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that mitotic count (P =0.040,RR =6.078,95％ CI:0.541-68.274) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P =0.036,RR =6.102,95％ CI:0.782-47.632) were prognostic risk factors of RFS.For those mitotic count ＞ 2/50 HPF and NLR ＞ 2.3,adjuvant therapy with imatinib significantly increases RFS.Conclusion Mitotic count and NLR were independent risk factors of RFS in gastric intermediate-risk GIST.For those with mitotic count ＞ 2/50 HPF and NLR ＞ 2.3,postoperative adjuvant therapy with imatinib helps improve the prognosis.

Objective Early evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of sorafenib-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma by RECIST1.1, mRECIST and three-dimensional volume measurement. Methods Seventy patients with pathology or typical imaging findings confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma along with the sorafenib-targeted treatment for more than 2 months between October 2004 to April 2017 in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients underwent chest, abdominal and pelvic CT scans and enhanced scans before and after 2 weeks of sorafenib treatment. Two physicians used RECIST 1.1, mRECIST, and volume measurement criteria to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. According to their averaged results, the patients were divided into two groups (control group and non-control group). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the prognostic values between different response evaluation criterias for early predicting the efficacy of sorafenib-targeted therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Kappa test was used to assess the efficacy response consistency in intra-group and inter-group. Results Based on mRECIST and RECIST 1.1 measurements, the control group included 34 cases, and the non-control group included 36 cases. Based on semi-automatic volume measurement, the control group included 38 cases, and the non-control group included 32 cases. Before the treatment with sorafenib, the RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST methods were used. There was a high degree of consistency between the two doctors (Kappa values were 0.79 and 0.71, respectively), and the semi-automatic volume measurement method was extremely consistent (Kappa value was 0.90); the consistency in intra-observer by three different methods was extremely high (Kappa values were 0.91, 0.85, 0.97, respectively). After the treatment with sorafenib, the consistency between the two radiologists using RECIST 1.1 measurement was high (Kappa value was 0.65), the consistency of mRECIST measurement was moderate (Kappa value was 0.52), and the consistency of tumor volume measurement was extremely high (Kappa The value was 0.83), the consistency in intra-observer using the above three methods was high or very high (Kappa values were 0.86, 0.74, 0.90, respectively). The RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST measurements were less sensitive in early evaluation of sorafenib-targeted treatment, and there was no significant difference between the control group and the non-control group (P=0.578 and 0.613) while the semi-automatic volumetric measurement was sensitive (P=0.004). Conclusion Semi-automated three-dimensional volume measurement which has better intra-and inter-group consistency and reproducibility can reflect the efficacy of sorafenib-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in early stage.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in unfavorable location by comparing with open surgery. Methods: Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 176 patients with gastric GIST in unfavorable location admitted at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2005 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 94 males and 82 females, aging of (57.4±12.7) years (range: 20-90 years). Of the 176 patients, 64 underwent laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic group) and 112 underwent open surgery (open group). One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the covariance between laparoscopic group and open surgery group. Before PSM, the differences between the two group in tumor size and modified National Institutes of Health risk classification were significant. After PSM, there were 63 pairs (63 cases in laparoscopic group and 63 cases in open group) and the baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05). The difference of short-term outcome between the two groups were compared using t test, χ² test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The survival curve was established by Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test was used to compare the survival of the two groups. Results: The operation time of laparoscopic group was shorter ((141.6±100.6) minutes vs. (100.4±67.7) minutes, t=2.681, P=0.008), the hospitalization cost was higher ((5.2±0.7) ten thousand yuan vs. (4.2±0.8) ten thousand yuan, t=7.357, P=0.000) than open group. The time to first flatus ((49.1±8.2) hours vs. (71.0±4.6) hours, t=-18.482, P=0.000) and preoperative hospital stay ((10.3±6.0) days vs. (14.8±7.6) days, t=-3.717, P=0.000) was shorter in laparoscopic group. With a median follow-up time of 44 months (range: 10 to 154 months), the 1-, 3-, 5-year relapse-free survival rates in the laparoscopic group and open group were 98.3%, 92.1%, 92.1% and 100%, 86.3%, 83.2%, respectively (χ²=0.696, P=0.404). The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates in the laparoscopic group and open group were 96.6%, 94.7%, 94.7% and 100%, 91.1%, 81.4%, respectively (χ²=0.366, P=0.545). Conclusions In experienced medical centers, laparoscopic resection is safe and feasible for GIST in unfavorable location. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic resection achieves a faster postoperative recovery and a similar long-term prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the morbidity and treatment of early postoperative complications after laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and to explore the risk factors. Methods: A case-control study was performed to retrospectively collect clinicopathological data of 764 patients undergoing laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at our department between January 2015 and December 2017. Patient inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative electronic gastroscopy and biopsy, and confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) without invasion into adjacent organs by preoperative evaluation of tumors; (3) tumors without definite liver and distant metastasis; (4) R0 resection of gastric cancer and standard D2 lymph node dissection; (5) patients with informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) unperformed laparoscopic D2 radical resection; (2) other types of gastric tumor confirmed by pathology; (3) cases with incomplete clinical data. Complication occurring within two weeks after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy was defined as early postoperative complication. Patients were divided into two groups: non-complication group (693 cases) and complication group (71 cases) according to the occurrence of complications after operation. The clinicopathological data of two groups were analyzed and compared with t test and χ² test, and the factors of P < 0.2 were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of postoperative complications. Results: Of 764 patients, 71 (9.3%) developed early postoperative complications, with median onset time of 3 (1 to 11) days. Surgical complications accounted for 7.9% (60/764), including 13 cases (1.7%) of abdominal hemorrhage, 12 cases (1.6%) of anastomotic leakage, 10 cases (1.3%) of incision infection, 8 cases (1.0%) of anastomotic bleeding, 7 cases (0.9%) of gastric stump weakness, 4 cases (0.5%) of abdominal infection, 4 cases (0.5%) of duodenal stump leakage and 2 cases (0.3%) of small intestinal obstruction. Non-surgical complications accounted for 1.4% (11/764), including 6 cases (0.8%) of pulmonary infection and 5 cases (0.7%) of cardiovascular disease. Two cases (0.3%) died of sepsis caused by severe abdominal infection; 9 cases (1.2%) recovered after receiving the second operation, among whom 5 cases were abdominal hemorrhage, 2 cases were anastomotic leakage and 2 cases were duodenal stump leakage; the remaining patients were healed with conservative treatment. Compared with patients without complications, patients with complications had higher proportions of BMI ≥24 kg/m² [42.3% (30/71) vs. 24.2%(168/693), χ²=10.881, P=0.001], comorbity [64.8% (46/71) vs. 33.5% (232/693), χ²=27.277, P<0.001], combined organ resection [70.4% (50/71) vs. 20.5% (142/693), χ²=85.338, P<0.001], and pTNM stage of III [70.4% (50/71) vs. 40.1% (278/693), χ²=24.196, P<0.001], meanwhile had longer time to postoperative flatus [(4.2±2.1) days vs. (2.9±1.2) days, t=4.621, P=0.023], longer hospital stay [(34.6±12.6) days vs. (14.2±6.2) days, t=9.862, P<0.001] and higher hospitalization cost [(126.8±64.5) thousand yuan vs. (85.2±35.8) thousand yuan, t=11.235, P<0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≥24 kg/m² (OR=3.762, 95% CI: 1.960-8.783, P=0.035), accompanying disease (OR=8.620, 95% CI: 1.862-29.752, P<0.001), combined organ resection (OR=6.210, 95% CI: 1.357-21.568, P=0.026), and pTNM stage (OR=4.752, 95% CI: 1.214-12.658, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of postoperative complications. Conclusions Laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy is a safe and effective approach for gastric cancer. Most early postoperative complications can obtain satisfactory efficacy after conservative treatment. Perioperative management should be strengthened for those patients with high BMI, accompanying diseases, combined organ resection, and advanced pTNM stage.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and treatment of early postoperative complications after laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and to explore the risk factors. Methods A case?control study was performed to retrospectively collect clinicopathological data of 764 patients undergoing laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at our department between January 2015 and December 2017. Patient inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative electronic gastroscopy and biopsy, and confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) without invasion into adjacent organs by preoperative evaluation of tumors; (3) tumors without definite liver and distant metastasis; (4) R0 resection of gastric cancer and standard D2 lymph node dissection; (5) patients with informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) unperformed laparoscopic D2 radical resection; (2) other types of gastric tumor confirmed by pathology; (3) cases with incomplete clinical data. Complication occurring within two weeks after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy was defined as early postoperative complication. Patients were divided into two groups: non?complication group (693 cases) and complication group (71 cases) according to the occurrence of complications after operation. The clinicopathological data of two groups were analyzed and compared with t test and χ2 test, and the factors of P < 0.2 were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of postoperative complications. Results Of 764 patients, 71 (9.3%) developed early postoperative complications, with median onset time of 3 (1 to 11) days. Surgical complications accounted for 7.9% (60/764), including 13 cases (1.7%) of abdominal hemorrhage, 12 cases (1.6%) of anastomotic leakage, 10 cases (1.3%) of incision infection, 8 cases (1.0%) of anastomotic bleeding, 7 cases (0.9%) of gastric stump weakness, 4 cases (0.5%) of abdominal infection, 4 cases (0.5%) of duodenal stump leakage and 2 cases (0.3%) of small intestinal obstruction. Non?surgical complications accounted for 1.4% (11/764), including 6 cases (0.8%) of pulmonary infection and 5 cases (0.7%) of cardiovascular disease. Two cases (0.3%) died of sepsis caused by severe abdominal infection; 9 cases (1.2%) recovered after receiving the second operation, among whom 5 cases were abdominal hemorrhage, 2 cases were anastomotic leakage and 2 cases were duodenal stump leakage; the remaining patients were healed with conservative treatment. Compared with patients without complications, patients with complications had higher proportions of BMI ≥24 kg/m2 [42.3% (30/71) vs. 24.2%(168/693), χ2=10.881, P=0.001], comorbity [64.8% (46/71) vs. 33.5% (232/693), χ2=27.277, P<0.001], combined organ resection [70.4% (50/71) vs. 20.5% (142/693), χ2=85.338, P<0.001], and pTNM stage of III [70.4% (50/71) vs. 40.1% (278/693), χ2=24.196, P<0.001], meanwhile had longer time to postoperative flatus [(4.2±2.1) days vs. (2.9±1.2) days, t=4.621, P=0.023], longer hospital stay [(34.6 ± 12.6) days vs. (14.2 ± 6.2) days, t=9.862, P<0.001] and higher hospitalization cost [(126.8±64.5) thousand yuan vs. (85.2±35.8) thousand yuan, t=11.235, P<0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (OR=3.762, 95% CI: 1.960?8.783, P=0.035), accompanying disease (OR=8.620, 95% CI: 1.862?29.752, P<0.001), combined organ resection (OR=6.210, 95% CI: 1.357?21.568, P=0.026), and pTNM stage (OR=4.752, 95% CI: 1.214?12.658, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of postoperative complications. Conclusions Laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy is a safe and effective approach for gastric cancer. Most early postoperative complications can obtain satisfactory efficacy after conservative treatment. Perioperative management should be strengthened for those patients with high BMI, accompanying diseases, combined organ resection, and advanced pTNM stage.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and treatment of early postoperative complications after laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and to explore the risk factors. Methods A case?control study was performed to retrospectively collect clinicopathological data of 764 patients undergoing laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at our department between January 2015 and December 2017. Patient inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative electronic gastroscopy and biopsy, and confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) without invasion into adjacent organs by preoperative evaluation of tumors; (3) tumors without definite liver and distant metastasis; (4) R0 resection of gastric cancer and standard D2 lymph node dissection; (5) patients with informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) unperformed laparoscopic D2 radical resection; (2) other types of gastric tumor confirmed by pathology; (3) cases with incomplete clinical data. Complication occurring within two weeks after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy was defined as early postoperative complication. Patients were divided into two groups: non?complication group (693 cases) and complication group (71 cases) according to the occurrence of complications after operation. The clinicopathological data of two groups were analyzed and compared with t test and χ2 test, and the factors of P < 0.2 were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of postoperative complications. Results Of 764 patients, 71 (9.3%) developed early postoperative complications, with median onset time of 3 (1 to 11) days. Surgical complications accounted for 7.9% (60/764), including 13 cases (1.7%) of abdominal hemorrhage, 12 cases (1.6%) of anastomotic leakage, 10 cases (1.3%) of incision infection, 8 cases (1.0%) of anastomotic bleeding, 7 cases (0.9%) of gastric stump weakness, 4 cases (0.5%) of abdominal infection, 4 cases (0.5%) of duodenal stump leakage and 2 cases (0.3%) of small intestinal obstruction. Non?surgical complications accounted for 1.4% (11/764), including 6 cases (0.8%) of pulmonary infection and 5 cases (0.7%) of cardiovascular disease. Two cases (0.3%) died of sepsis caused by severe abdominal infection; 9 cases (1.2%) recovered after receiving the second operation, among whom 5 cases were abdominal hemorrhage, 2 cases were anastomotic leakage and 2 cases were duodenal stump leakage; the remaining patients were healed with conservative treatment. Compared with patients without complications, patients with complications had higher proportions of BMI ≥24 kg/m2 [42.3% (30/71) vs. 24.2%(168/693), χ2=10.881, P=0.001], comorbity [64.8% (46/71) vs. 33.5% (232/693), χ2=27.277, P<0.001], combined organ resection [70.4% (50/71) vs. 20.5% (142/693), χ2=85.338, P<0.001], and pTNM stage of III [70.4% (50/71) vs. 40.1% (278/693), χ2=24.196, P<0.001], meanwhile had longer time to postoperative flatus [(4.2±2.1) days vs. (2.9±1.2) days, t=4.621, P=0.023], longer hospital stay [(34.6 ± 12.6) days vs. (14.2 ± 6.2) days, t=9.862, P<0.001] and higher hospitalization cost [(126.8±64.5) thousand yuan vs. (85.2±35.8) thousand yuan, t=11.235, P<0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (OR=3.762, 95% CI: 1.960?8.783, P=0.035), accompanying disease (OR=8.620, 95% CI: 1.862?29.752, P<0.001), combined organ resection (OR=6.210, 95% CI: 1.357?21.568, P=0.026), and pTNM stage (OR=4.752, 95% CI: 1.214?12.658, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of postoperative complications. Conclusions Laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy is a safe and effective approach for gastric cancer. Most early postoperative complications can obtain satisfactory efficacy after conservative treatment. Perioperative management should be strengthened for those patients with high BMI, accompanying diseases, combined organ resection, and advanced pTNM stage.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment strategies and curative effect of recurrence and metastasis of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after complete resection along with adjuvant therapy with imatinib,and to analyze the risk factors of recurrence and metastasis after adjuvant therapy.Methods The demographic data,clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data of 80 primary GIST patients who received adjuvant therapy with imatinib for at least 1-year duration and had already stopped taking imatinib from January 2005 to December 2017 in Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology were analyzed retrospectively.The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier approach.Univariate analysis was conducted using log-rank test.Multivariate analysis was produced by Cox regression model.Results Of the enrolled 80 patients,recurrence and metastasis were detected in 17 cases after completion of postoperative adjuvant therapy with imatinib,with a median recurrence time of 12 months.All the 17 patients showed no specific clinical manifestations.Liver metastasis,peritoneum metastasis and local recurrence were found in 9,5 and 3 cases,respectively.In the 17 patients with recurrence and metastasis,9 patients received imatinib monotherapy.Among the 9 patients,6 achieved partial responses,while 3 demonstrated stable disease,and secondary drug resistance was found in 7 patients during the follow-up period,with a median progression-free survival of 35 months (95％ CI:15-55 months) and median overall survival of 49 months (95％ CI:30-68 months).A total of 7 patients with recurrence and metastasis were treated with imatinib after operation and achieved satisfying tumor control,and secondary drug resistance was found in 4 patients during the follow-up period,with a median progression-free survival of 31 months (95％ CI:6-56 months) and fell short of median overall survival.The remaining 1 patient gave up treatment.Univariate analysis showed that tumor location (x2 =4.120,P =0.042),preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (x2 =7.513,P =0.006) and preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (x2 =6.575,P =0.010) were associated with recurrence and metastasis of GIST patients after completion of adjuvant therapy.Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor location (HR =3.787,95％ CI:1.126-12.732,x2 =4.631,P =0.031) was an independent prognostic factor for those patients.Conclusion GIST patients who are identified recurrence and metastasis after completion of adjuvant imatinib treatment show no specific clinical manifestations after stopping andjuvant therapy with imatinib.Compared with gastric GIST,non-gastric origin GIST has a higher risk of recurrence.Imatinib monotherapy and surgery combined with imatinib therapy are both effective in treating this subgroup of patients.