ObjectiveTo study the effect of Taikong Yangxin Pills on the metabolism of simulated weightless rats based on metabolomics and discuss the metabolism mechanism. MethodsIn the simulated space capsule environment on the ground， the rat model of simulated weightlessness was established by the tail suspension method. Rats were randomly grouped as follows： out-of-capsule control， in-capsule control， model， and high （3.0 g·kg^-1） and low （1.5 g·kg^-1） doses of Taikong Yangxin Pills， and they were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 28 days. The serum levels of endogenous metabolites in rats were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）. The obtained data were processed by principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） to screen for differential metabolites and potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway enrichment analysis to explain the metabolic regulation mechanism of the drug. ResultsCompared with the out-of-capsule control group， the in-capsule control group showed elevated levels of thirteen metabolites， including 14-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid， linoleic acid， and α-linolenic acid （P<0.05）， which suggested that the space capsule environment mainly affected the metabolism of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the rats. Compared with the in-capsule control group， the model group showed lowered levels of fourteen metabolites， including 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid， isocitric acid/citric acid， and L-tyrosine （P<0.05）， which were recovered after the treatment with Taikong Yangxin pills （P<0.05）. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that weightlessness induced by tail suspension and drug intervention mainly involved the phenylalanine， tyrosine， and tryptophan biosynthesis， tyrosine metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle. ConclusionThe simulated space capsule environment and simulated weightlessness induced by tail suspension can both affect the metabolism level of rats. Taikong Yangxin pills can ameliorate the metabolic abnormality in the rat model of weightlessness by regulating various amino acids and energy metabolism-related pathways.

OBJECTIVE To develop a DNA authenticity identification kit of Gastrodia elata that combined DNA extraction technology with PCR technology, and to evaluate the performance of the kit methodologically. METHODS The ITS2 sequences of Gastrodia elata and its common forgeries, such as amabilis root, dahlia tuber and potato, were found by the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). DNAMAN was used for multi-sequence alignment, and NCBI-primer-blast was used to design specific primers of Gastrodia elata. Improved DNA extraction method to ensure efficient extraction of authentic Gastrodia elata and its common forgeries genomic DNA, UV spectrophotometry was used to measure the concentration and purity. The PCR reaction system was optimized, the composition and reaction conditions of the kit were determined, and the commercially available gastrodia elata samples were randomly sampled. RESULTS The DNA purity OD260/OD280 values of the samples extracted by the developed kit were (1.87±0.13). The minimum detection limit was 10 ng·μL−1, and the result of repeated detection was the same for 3 times. Repeated freezing and thawing for 5, 10, 15, 20 times had no effect on the detection effect, and it could be stored at −20℃ for 1 year, among 10 commercially available gastrodia elata samples tested, 7 were authentic and 3 were counterfeit. CONCLUSION The DNA authenticity test kit is highly specific, sensitive, reproducible and stable, and the test results are accurate, it is suitable for the rapid identification of asparagus and its common forgeries.

This study design of specific identification primers for the ITS2 sequence of F. ussuriensis. The reaction system and conditions were optimized, and PCR-nucleic acid test strips were constructed to realize the visual detection of F. ussuriensis Bark. Through molecular cloning and sequencing technology, we constructed a positive control for F. ussuriensis DNA and formulated quality standards. The established method was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and the authenticity of the commercially available samples was identified. Results demonstrated that based on the ITS2 sequences, F. ussuriensis and its mixed forgeries could be distinguished. The PCR products of the authentic F. ussuriensis on test strips showed two bands in the T and C lines, while the pseudo products and negative control showed only one band in the C line, which was consistent with the results of agarose gel electrophoresis. The specificity was 100%, and the sensitivity of the PCR-nucleic acid test strip was up to 0.1 ng·μL^-1, which was 10 times higher than that of the gel electrophoresis assay. 11 out of 16 commercially available samples of F. ussuriensis were qualified, and 5 were unqualified. Collectively, the PCR-nucleic acid test strip method established in this study is specific, rapid, accurate and visualized, which can provide a new technical idea for the detection of F. ussuriensis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of intranasal administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.Methods:Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, aged 21-23 months, weighing 480-600 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), operation group (group O), intranasal administration of low-dose GDNF group (group G1) and intranasal administration of high-dose GDNF group (group G2). Rats underwent exploratory laparotomy under anesthesia with chloral hydrate in O, G1 and G2 groups, while the rats in group S only received sham operation.The rats in group G1 and group G2 were intranasally treated with GDNF 25 and 50 μg (in 25 μl of PBS), respectively, and PBS 25 μl was nasally administered in group S and group O every day for 3 consecutive days after operation or sham operation.Morris water maze test was performed on days 3-7 after surgery, and then the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampal tissues were removed for determination of the expression of GDNF, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), activated caspase-3 and Bax (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly prolonged on days 5-7 after operation, the number of crossing the platform was reduced, time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, expression of GDNF was down-regulated, and expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, HMGB1, activated caspase-3 and Bax in hippocampi was up-regulated in group O, and the number of crossing the platform was reduced, time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was up-regulated in G1 and G2 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the escape latency was significantly shortened on days 5-7 after operation, the number of crossing the platform was increased, time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged, expression of GDNF was up-regulated, expression of TNF-α, HMGB1, activated caspase-3 and Bax in hippocampi was down-regulated in G1 and G2 groups, and IL-1β in hippocampi was down-regulated in group G1 ( P<0.05). Compared with group G1, the expression of TNF-α in hippocampi was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters mentioned above in group G2 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Intranasal administration of GDNF can improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses and neuroapoptosis in aged rats.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist DA-JC4 on postoperative neuroinflammatory responses in aged rats.Methods:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 21-23 months, weighing 530-630 g, provided by the Animal Experiment Center of Medical School of Zhengzhou University, were assigned into 3 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), operation group (group O) and DA-JC4 group (group G). Rats underwent exploratory laparotomy under anesthesia with chloral hydrate in O and G groups.In group G, DA-JC4 10 nmol/kg (dissolved in 1 ml of sterile normal saline) was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the end of operation and at 24 and 48 h after operation.Western blot was used to determine the expression of hippocampal Bax, Bcl-2, activated caspase-3, Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on day 3 after surgery.The Morris water maze test was performed on days 14-18 after operation to assess the cognitive function. Results:Compared with group S, the escape latency was significantly prolonged on days 15-18 after operation in group O and on day 18 after operation in group G, and the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened, the expression of activated caspase-3, Bax, LC3Ⅱ, HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampi was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2, LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was down-regulated in O and G groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the escape latency was significantly shortened, and the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged, the expression of activated caspase-3, Bax, LC3Ⅱ, HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in hippocampi was down-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2, LC3Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was up-regulated in group G ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which DA-JC4 reduces postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be related to inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses in aged rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise training on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Thirty-two SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 175-220 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),group ALI,low-intensity exercise training group (group ET1) and high-intensity exercise training group (group ET2).The rats in ET1 and ET2 groups received 2-and 4-week treadmill exercise training before establishing the ALI model,while the rats in C and ALI groups received no training.ALI was induced by intravenously injecting 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide via the tail vein in ALI,ET1 and ET2 groups,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.The animals were sacrificed,and the lungs were harvested for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of lung tissues which were also scored and for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),and expression of HSP70 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in lung tissues by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the W/D ratio and pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly increased,the concentrations of total protein,IL-1 β and TNF-α in BALF were increased,the expression of NF-κB was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in HSP70 expression in group ALI(P＞0.05).Compared with group ALI,the W/D ratio and pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly decreased,the concentrations of total protein,IL-1β and TNF-α in BALF were decreased,the expression of HSP70 was up-regulated,and the expression of NF-κB was down-regulated in ET1 and ET2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Exercise training can attenuate the endotoxin-induced ALI through relieving the inflammatory responses,which may be related to up-regulating HSP70 expression in the lung of rats.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of vancomycin blood concentration in children with severe pneumonia complicated with congenital heart disease( CHD) and children with simple severe pneumonia after using the same dose vancomycin,and observe the clinical efficacy at the same time. Methods Plasma concentrations in pediatric patients with severe pneumonia complicated with CHD ( CHD group) who treated by vancomycin from November 2012 to September 2013 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were collected. Plasma concentrations of children with simple severe pneumonia( control group) treated by vancomycin were also collected at the same period. The blood concentration values and therapeutic effects of the two groups were recorded into the database for statistical analysis. Peak,trough con-centrations and efficacy were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results Twenty-five children with CHD were collected,the average peak concentration was (28. 39 ± 6. 68) mg/L,the aver-age trough concentration was (13. 34 ± 6. 62)mg/L. Control group were also 25 cases,the average peak con-centration was (16. 23 ± 2. 50) mg/L and the average trough concentration was (2. 77 ± 1. 01) mg/L. Both peak and trough concentrations of CHD children were significantly higher than those of the control group (tpeak =8. 52,Ppeak <0. 05;ttrough =7. 89,Ptrough <0. 05). In the ROC of peak,trough concentrations and effica-cy,area under the curve were 0. 74(95％CI 0. 547-0. 935,P=0. 01) and 0. 77(95％CI 0. 605-0. 935,P=0. 004) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Plasma concentrations of vancomycin in children with CHD are generally higher,it is necessery to monitor plasma concentration even under regular doses,to make the application of vancomycin more safe and effective in children with CHD. There is a correlation between plasma concentration of vancomycin and clinical efficacy in children,the high-er the blood concentration,the more likely the clinical efficacy is to be effective.

Objective To clarify the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in normal brain tissues and gliomas and investigate the effect of exogenous leptin on the proliferation,migration and invasion of human glioma U251 cell line.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in 50 cases of different grades of glioma tissues and 20 cases of normal brain tissues.The effects of exogenous leptin on proliferation,migration and invasion of U251 cells were detected by MTT assay,cell scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay.Results (1) The positive expression rates of leptin and leptin receptors in glioma tissues were 50.0％ and 92.0％,respectively.(2)Proliferation activity:leptin concentrations of 0 ng/ml,10 ng/ml,and 50 ng/ml had no significant difference in the proliferation of U251 cells (absorbance:0.263±0.015,0.273±0.017 and 0.277±0.006,respectively),and the leptin concentration of 100 ng/ml had a significant effect on the proliferation of U251 cells (absorbance:0.315±0.005,P＜0.05).(3)Migration ability:the migration rate of U251 cells treated with different concentrations of leptin increased significantly with the passage of time,and the migration rate was most significant at the concentration of 100 ng/ml ((93.313±3.080) ％),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).(4)Invasive ability:with the increase of leptin concentration and the prolongation of the action time,the invasive ability of U251 cells was enhanced.When leptin was used at a concentration of 100 ng/ml,the number of penetrating cells were the biggest(135±2).Conclusion Leptin and leptin receptors are involved in the occurrence of gliomas;and exogenous leptin promotes the proliferation of U251 cells and has time and dose dependability on the migration and invasion of U251 cells.