Objective:To study the epidemic status about genotype of the astrovirus, and to provide the epidemic data and control epidemic of infectious disease.Methods:Screening for astrovirus positive nucleic acids was performed using an astrovirus real-time fluorescent PCR kit. RT-PCR amplification was performed with astrovirus-specific primers Mn289/270. The positive products were recovered and purified and directly sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of astrovirus sequences were performed using Clustal and MEGA3.0 biological software.Results:From 2016 to 2018, we collected 496 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea from different regions, of them 136 cases had viral diarrhea, and in 17 of them astrovirus (3.4%) was detected, there were more males than females. All the 17 cases were under 5 years of age, and 12 cases (70.58%) were younger than 1 year old. In regional distribution, samples from Xining accounted for 64.70% (11/17), Huangzhong county for 29.41% (5/17), Huangnan Prefecture for 5.88%(1/17). The positive cases were mainly found in April to June, and there was another peak from October to December, which was consistent with the time distribution of rotavirus in past years. Seven strains were HAstV-1, one strain was HAstV-2, and the homology among four strains of HAstV-1 was 99.0%-100%. The homology with the other two strains of the same type was 88.4-95.7%.Conclusions:The dominant genotype of Astrovirus was HAstV-1 in infants with diarrhea in Qinghai, meanwhile there was also HAstV-2.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and genotype characteristics of enterovirus and Coxsackie virus in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2018.Methods:The throat swabs of HFMD patients were collected for virus isolation and RT-PCR in Qinghai province. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified products was determined and analyzed, and the gene evolution tree was constructed with reference to the sequence of some strains of NCBI.Results:From 2015 to 2018, 1 738 samples of clinical diagnosis positive cases were collected, including 326 EV-A71 cases, accounting for 18.76%, 237 CV-A16 cases, accounting for 13.64%, 628 CV-A6 cases, accounting for 36.13%. There were statistically significant differences among different genotypes in 4 years (EV-A71, χ2=245.315, P<0.001; CV-A16, χ2=27.680, P<0.001; CV-A6, χ2=702.713, P<0.001). A total of 317 cell culture isolates were obtained after isolation with RD cells. After sequence, DNA sequences of typical genotypes were selected for sequence analysis, from 2017 to 2018. The homology of all genotypes of VP1 was between 59% and 100%, the homology was 93% to 100% in 19 strains of EV-A71, the homology was 92% to 100% in 20 strains of CV-A16, the homology was 97% to 99% in 6 strains of CV-A6. According to the evolutionary tree, the sequences of EV-A71 strains are all on the C4a branch of the evolutionary tree in Qinghai province; 18 strains of CV-A16 were B1b and 2 stains were 1D; 5 strains of CV-A6 were D3 and 1 was B1. Conclusions:From 2015 to 2018, the prevalent genotypes of HFMD shifted from EV-A71 to CV-A16 and CV-A6 in Qinghai province, The EV-A71 genotype in Qinghai province has always been C4a genotype. There are different genotypes of CV-A16 and CV-A6. The nucleotide sequence differences between different genotypes are large, and the sequence variation among the same gene is small.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the electrophysiological changes of astrocytes in the process of hyperoxia induced apoptosis and analyze the relationship between electrophysiological characteristics and morphological changes. METHODS: Astrocytes were exposed to 90% hyperoxia for 12-72 h. The electrophysiological characteristics of astrocytes in each group were detected by patch clamp technique, and the morphological characteristics of astrocytes were observed at the same time. Then the same batch of astrocytes were collected, and the expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: From 12 h to 72 h after hyperoxia exposure, the inward current was significantly lower than that of the control group (<0.05), while the outward current was significantly decreased at 12 h and increased at 48 h (<0.05). There was no significant difference between 24 h or 72 h after hyperoxia exposure and the control group (>0.05). At each time point, the morphology of cells changed correspondingly. Western blotting showed that the expression of caspase-1 was increased significantly at 24 h and decreased significantly at 72 h after hyperoxia exposure (<0.05); the expression of GSDMD was increased at 12 h and decreased gradually from 24 h to 72 h after hyperoxia exposure (<0.05); the expression of caspase-3 did not change significantly at 12 h and 24 h after hyperoxia exposure (>0.05), but began to decrease at 48 h (<0.05); GSDME increased gradually at 24 h after hyperoxia exposure (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Under hyperoxia exposure, the ion channels of astrocytes are damaged, which can maintain the dysfunction of ion homeostasis, activate GSDME, induce the damaged cells to break away from the apoptotic pathway, and mediate the pyroptosis.
Apoptosis ; Astrocytes ; Caspase 1 ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins ; Pyroptosis

Objective To evaluate the adenoma detection rate( ADR)of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)-positive population in colorectal cancer screening programme and to analyse potential influence of“resection and discard”strategy on ADR. Methods Data of patients who paticipated in the Shanghai color-ectal cancer screening programme with FOBT-positive and received colonoscopy in the Digestive Endoscopic Center of Changhai Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were retrospectively analysed. ADR was calculated and compared by different genders. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval. Results A total of 222 FOBT-positive patients were involved with 36. 5% male proportion. The total ADR was 19. 8%,higher in male(28. 4%)than in female(14. 9%)(P=0. 015). The independent risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval were diminutive polyp( OR =15. 256,95% CI:4. 159-55. 957),located in rectum( OR = 3. 663,95% CI:1. 427-9. 398) and polyp number >2(OR= 3. 988,95%CI:1. 562-10. 187).Conclusion ADR of FOBT-positive population is approx-imately 20%in our center. Low male proportion and“resection and discard”strategy may lead to lower ADR. ADR should be calculated by different genders and advanced endoscopic technology should be employed rou-tinely to predict the pathological diagonosis of the lesions.

A new phenolic amide glycoside, cimicifugamide A (1) along with four known compounds, trans-feruloyl tyramine 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (+)-isolariciresinol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), cimidahurine (4), and 24-epi-7, 8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga dahurica. Compound 3 was identified as a lignan and has been obtained from Cimicifuga genus for the first time. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by IR, UV, HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods.

Objective To evaluate the effect of using serf-designed facial support in prone position for patients after vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade. Methods 100 patients with vitrectomy and sili-cone oil tamponade were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 50 pa-tients in each group. The self-designed facial support in prone position was used in the experimental group, while the routing nursing measure was used in the control group. The ocular adverse effect and re-lapse rate were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of corneal edema, in-creased intraocular pressure and retinal redetachment in the experimental group was higher than those in the control group, the time of keeping position in the experimental group was longer than that in the con-trol group. Conclusions Self-designed facial support in prone position can decrease discomfort and pain caused by compulsive position, reduce the incidence of complications, improve retinal attachment and increase the successful rate for the patients with vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.

Objective To study the changes of resistin and the relationship between resistin and other indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Seventy patients with type 2 diabetics were chosen and divided into three groups according to weight index and 15 healthy persons were chosen as controls. ELISA was adopted to determine resistin concentration. Oxydase method was adopted to measure blood sugar. Radio immunoassay was used to measure insulin level. Results Resistin concentration of patient groups r(23.06±9.34)μg/L ] was significantly higher than that of control group [( 9. 89±4. 47) μg/L, P<0. 01 ]. Resistin was positively related to body mass index (r = 0.4 467) and fat distribution (r= 0. 3 314, P<0.01). Resistin was also positively correlated to the area under the curve of sugar tolerance (r=0. 7 063, P<0. 01), negatively related to the insulin resistance index (r=-0. 4 154, P<0.01), but not related to area under the curve of synchronous insulin release (P>0. 05). And a formula was obtainted : Resistin=- 15. 869 + 0. 339×GAUC+0.790×BMI. Conclusion The level of reslstin in type 2 diabetics is higher. And reslstin is related to other factors. This formula is of great significance for clinical study of diabetic's disor- ders.

Objective To confirm the immunomodulatory effect of ursolic acid on normal and immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide.Methods We assayed the function of T lymphocyte transformation with MTT test,examined the function of B lymphocyte with hemolysis spectrophotography,determined the function of non-specific immunity with phagocytosis of macrophages,and measured the content changes of Th_(1) cytokine IL-2 and Th_(2) cytokine IL-6 in serum with ELISA.Results Ursolic acid had a suppressant effect on the function of humoral immunity and enhanced cell-mediated immune response at the low dosage but presented opposite effect at the high dosage in normal mice.Ursolic acid significantly improved immune function on immunosuppressive mice caused by cyclophosphamide(P

Objective To find out the possible regularity and mechanism of the adaptable change of human being T lymphocytes for physical exercise with oxygen and bring the original data for the Movement of All People Improving their Health. Methods We selected 16 untrained female students in university and let them had the same amount of exercise for 8 weeks. After that, we collected the cycle blood at the time point of before exercise, the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise at the end of the 0,first,2 nd,4 nd,6 nd and 8 nd week respectively, so as to determine its stimuli index (SI) by MTT method. Results In the different time sect, such as the early stage of exercise, quiet condition,as soon as the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise, we found that the SI were obviously Iower than that of normal (P＜0. 05) ,especially in the time sect of the end of exercise. Continuing to 4 weeks,the function of T lymphocytes restored gradualy and it lasted to the 8 th week, the SI in quiet condition and 1 hour after exercise had restored to normal(P＞0.05),but in the end of exercise, it still was Iow,however, the extent of the cases selected was in a condition of acute excitability. Conclusion As the bodies adapting to the exercise, the function of T lymphocytes restored slowly and the rate increased faster and faster.

Objective:Explore the dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue,to explain the relation dendritic cells and tumor immunity.Methods:Adopt immune histochmistry S-P method.Results:The extent of dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue is not relate to age,gender and types of pathhistology but negative contact with degree of pathological differentiation (P