Ulcerative colitis（UC）presents as a chronic，non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease with an obscure etiology and pathogenesis.Early clinical manifestations in pediatric patients lack specificity，necessitating reliance on endoscopic of invasive examination，which is poorly tolerated，particularly by infants and toddlers.This review summarizes advancements in non-invasive diagnostic examinations for pediatric UC，emphasizing their value in early detection.Non-invasive imaging modalities，including intestinal ultrasound，CT enterography，and magnetic resonance enterography，can improve children acceptance.Serum autoantibodies，fecal calprotectin，non-coding RNA and other biomarkers also have potential application value for early clinical diagnosis.In addition，recent studies in intestinal microbiota and metabolomics analysis also hold promise for applying to early diagnosis in pediatric UC.

Objective To assess the feasibility of establishing a nude mouse model of endometriosis fibrosis of human origin and to determine whether endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are involved in inducing endometriosis fibrosis.Methods Four endometrial tissue specimens were collected and transplanted 1∶3 into 12 BABL/c nude mice by subcutaneous injection.The morphology and volume of the lesions were recorded.The nude mice were sacrificed on the 15th day after transplantation to observe the morphology of the lesions and their adhesion to the periphery of the abdominal wall.HE staining was used to judge the result of modelling,Masson staining was used to assess the extent of fibrosis,and immunofluorescence was used to track the role of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in the fibrotic process of endometriosis.Results The volume of ectopic lesions in nude mice increased over time and showed restricted,vesicular-like changes.The tight adhesion of the lesions to the abdominal wall,endometrioid glands,and collagen fiber deposition were seen microscopically.The success rate of the modelling was 83.4%,and the collagen fiber volume fraction of the lesions was significantly higher after modelling(P＜0.01).Confocal imaging suggested that endometrial mesenchymal stem cells(SUSD2+)differentiated into myofibroblasts(α-SMA+)in vivo.Conclusions The nude mouse model established by human allogeneic transplantation via subcutaneous injection was consistent with the lesion characteristics of endometriosis fibrosis.The modelling method is simple and feasible and provides a better reference model for further investigating the pathogenesis of endometriosis fibrosis.In addition,in vivo observations using the model indicated that endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are involved in inducing the formation of endometriosis fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of denosumab and teriparatide in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chinese women， and provide reference for relevant decision-making. METHODS From the perspective of health system in China， Excel 2003 was used to establish Markov model， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the cost- effectiveness of denosumab or teriparatide combined with Calcium carbonate D3 tablets in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chinese women. Pharmacotherapy effects were obtained with network meta-analysis， and cost and health utility value data were obtained from published literature. The model cycle was 1 year， and the simulation time limit was the patient’s lifetime. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate the effects of model parameter changes on the robustness of the results. Through scenario analysis， the cost-effectiveness of domestic drug cost used as drug cost of terlipatide group was discussed； the influence of residual effects of teriparatide on the results and the cost-effectiveness of sequential use of desumamab after terlipatide withdrawal were also discussed. RESULTS The effect of denosumab regimen was better than that of terlipatide regimen [13.24 quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） vs. 12.96 QALYs]， with lower cost （51 224.64 yuan vs. 167 102.67 yuan）， denosumab regimen was the absolutely superior regimen. The results of single factor sensitivity analysis showed that the cost and discount rate of Terlipatide injection had greater impact on the results. The results of probability sensitivity analysis showed that when three times of China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） in 2021 was used as the threshold of willingness to pay， the probability of cost-effectiveness of denosumab regimen was 93.5%. The results of scenario analysis showed that， whether the drug cost of terlipatide regimen which was replaced by domestic drugs， or the residual effect of terlipatide was considered， or desulmonab was used sequentially after two years of terlipide treatment， denosumab regimen was always the absolute advantage regimen. CONCLUSIONS Denosumab combined with Calcium carbonate D3 tablets is more cost-effective than teriparatide combined with Calcium carbonate D3 tablets in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chinese women.

Production of biofuels such as ethanol from non-grain crops may contribute to alleviating the global energy crisis and reducing the potential threat to food security. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a commercial crop with high biomass yield. Breeding of starch-rich tobacco plants may provide alternative raw materials for the production of fuel ethanol. We cloned the small subunit gene NtSSU of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (NtAGPase), which controls starch biosynthesis in tobacco, and constructed a plant expression vector pCAMBIA1303-NtSSU. The NtSSU gene was overexpressed in tobacco upon Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation. Phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of NtSSU gene promoted the accumulation of starch in tobacco leaves, and the content of starch in tobacco leaves increased from 17.5% to 41.7%. The growth rate and biomass yield of the transgenic tobacco with NtSSU gene were also significantly increased. The results revealed that overexpression of NtSSU gene could effectively redirect more photosynthesis carbon flux into starch biosynthesis pathway, which led to an increased biomass yield but did not generate negative effects on other agronomic traits. Therefore, NtSSU gene can be used as an excellent target gene in plant breeding to enrich starch accumulation in vegetative organs to develop new germplasm dedicated to fuel ethanol production.
Biomass ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Leaves/genetics* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism* ; Starch ; Tobacco/metabolism*

Objective: To evaluate the value of MRI-T₂WI texture analysis in the differentiation of atypical medulloblastoma and ependymoma of the fourth ventricle. Methods: Preoperative MRI data of 36 cases of fourth ventricle tumor (19 cases of medulloblastoma and 17 cases of ependymoma) confirmed by the Central Theater General Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed. Manually sketch areas of interest (ROI) were made using texture analysis software to get histogram parameters, including mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, maximum, minimum, heterogeneity, entropy, the 5th percentile (T₂WI_5th), the 10th percentile (T₂WI_10th), the 25th percentile (T₂WI_25th), the 50th percentile (T₂WI_50th), the 75th percentile(T₂WI_75th), the 95th percentile(T₂WI_95th). Independent sample t test or mann-whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of each parameter value between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to perform multiparameter joint analysis on meaningful parameters. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained by using the subject operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the threshold and diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing the two group. Results: The mean, median, T₂WI_5th, T₂WI_10th, T₂WI_25th, T₂WI_50th, T₂WI₇5th values of the medulloblastoma group were smaller than those of the ependymoma group, and difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The T₂WI_5th had the best diagnostic performance. When the critical value was 1 343, the diagnostic specificity was 75.0% and the sensitivity was 92.9%. Logistic regression was used to predict the joint analysis of probability parameters. T₂WI_5th+T₂WI_10th had the best performance, and AUC was 0.928. When the critical value was 0.75, the diagnostic specificity was 75.0% and the sensitivity was 100.0%. Conclusions MRI-T₂WI texture analysis can provide quantitative information for preoperative diagnosis of atypical medulloblastoma and ependymoma and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, which has obvious clinical value.

Rabdosia (Bl.) Hassk is a medicinal plant rich in enantiomers such as 15α-acetoxyl-6, 11α-epoxy-6α-hydroxy-20-oxo-6, 7-seco-ent-kaur-16-en-1, 7-olide and 15α-dihydroxy-6β-methoxy-6, 7-seco-6, 20-epoxy-1, 7-olide-ent-kaur-16-ene. It has high medicinal value and huge market potential, but the yield from wild Rabdosia (Bl.) Hassk species cannot meet the needs of marketization. Carrying out pollution-free cultivation of Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara and Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara has become the most direct and effective measure to solve this problem in order to ensure the sustainable use of the resources of Rabdosia. This paper summarized a set of non- pollution cultivation system of R. rubescens and R. serra to achieve the"safe, effective, stable and controllable"target.

Objective To analyze the bone metabolism in hospitalized patients with Graves disease and the changes after 131I therapy.Methods The differences of bone metabolism were analyzed between 315 patients with Graves disease and 300 normal controls in a case-control study.The changes in bone turnover markers and BMD levels before and one year after 131I therapy were observed in 60 patients.Results Compared to normal control,bone turnover markers were markly higher and BMD levels were lower in patients with Graves disease.The level of thyroid hormones were positively related to bone turnover markers,while negatively related to total hip BMD (Z-score).But there was no linear relationship with lumbarand femoral neck BMD (Z-score).After one year of 131I therapy,bone turnover markers were markly lower than that before treatment,while BMD levels were partly higher than that before treatment.Conclusions In Graves disease patients,bone turnover markers were generally increased,while BMD levels decreased compared with normal people.After 131I therapy,along with the improvement of thyrotoxicosis,the high bone turnover rate can be suppressed,and BMD can partly recover.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of chrysophanol on the expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA induced by ammonia chloride(NH4Cl) in mouse astrocytes. METHODS Primary mouse astrocytes were cultured with NH4Cl 5 mmol·L-1+chrysophanol 0.1,1.0 or 10.0 mg·L-1 ,or NH4Cl 5 mmol · L- 1+extracellular regulated kinase1/2(ERK1/2) inhibitor UO126 10 mmol · L- 1 and NH4Cl 5 mmol · L-1+p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)inhibitor SB239063 10 mmol · L-1 for 48 h. The levels of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondaldehyde(MDA), nitric oxide(NO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)were detected by UV spectrophotometry. The phos?phorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were detected by Western blotting. The expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with NH4Cl 5 mmol · L- 1 group, ammonia-induced astrocytes oxidative stress was improved by chrysophanol (1.0 and 10.0 mg · L-1). The content of MDA and NO and the activity of NOS were reduced(P<0.05). The activity GSH-Px and SOD was increased(P<0.05). The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK induced by ammonia was reduced in chrysophanol groups (P<0.05). Ammonia-induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression downregulation was reversed by chrysophanol (0.1,1.0 and 10.0 mg · L-1)and UO126 and SB239063(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Chrysophanol may improve the downregulated expresion of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in mouse astrocytes exposed to NH4Cl by anti-oxidative stress by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

Objective To explore the characteristic of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in Han broad jumpers .Methods Distribu‐tion of ACE gene I/D polymorphism for broad jumpers was analyzed by PCR ,DNA sequencing ,Hardy‐Weinberg and SPSS ,and the results were compared with that of normal people .Results There were II ,DD and ID in gene ACE 16 ,and the Hard‐Weinberg re‐sults showed that the subjects were group representative .The ACE DD genotype and D allele in broad jumpers was statistically higher than normal controls (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The results suggest that ACE DD genotype and D allele are associated with training sensitivity of broad jumpers and could be the molecular marker for athletes choosing genetically .

Aim To investigate the protective effects of chrysophanol( Chry) on immune function of lead poi-soning mice. Methods The lead poisoning model was established by peritoneally injecting mice with 7 mg · kg-1 lead acetate every day for 8 days. After Chry was ip injected for 14 days,spleen and thymus index, the white blood cell count, T, B lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic function of macrophages, natural killer cell ( NK cell) activity were detected. The concentrations of IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 in the lead poisoning mice ser-um were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . Results Intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg · kg-1 lead acetate for 8 consecutive days could cause an immunity decline in lead poisoning mice, Chry could significantly improve the immunity of lead poisoning mice. Compared with model group, Chry sig-nificantly improved growth rate, viscera index and white blood cell count of lead poisoning mice at differ-ent extent ( P<0 . 05 or P<0. 01 ) . Chry ( 1 . 0 ,10 . 0 mg·kg-1 ) significantly increased the B,T lymphocyte proliferation ( P<0 . 01 ) and the phagocytosis of macro-phage and NK cell activity ( P <0 . 01 ) . Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-10 of lead poisoning mice serum were significantly reduced ( P <0 . 01 ) . Compared with the model group, Chry (1. 0、10. 0 mg·kg-1 ) significant-ly increased the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-10 ( P <0. 01 ) , while there were no significant changes in (0. 1 mg·kg-1 ) concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 , IL-4 in Chry ( 0 . 1 mg · kg-1 ) treatment group ( P>0. 05 ) , only IL-10 was significantly increased in Chry ( 0 . 1 mg · kg-1 ) treatment group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion Chry can significantly improve the im-mune function of lead poisoning mice.