Objective:To explore the mediating effect of negative cognitive processing bias between type D personality and depression after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 340 patients who underwent PCI for the first time in Department of Cardiology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. The General Demographic Data Questionnaire, Type D Personality Scale (DS14), Negative Cognitive Processing Bias Questionnaire (NCPBQ) and Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) were used to investigate. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between type D personality, negative cognitive processing bias and depression. The mediating effect model was established by AMOS 24.0 software to analyze the mediating effect of negative cognitive processing bias between type D personality and depression.Results:A total of 340 questionnaires were sent out in this study, and 317 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective questionnaire recovery rate of 93.2%. The total score of Type D Personality Scale of 317 patients after PCI was (18.05±4.15), in which the score of negative affectivity dimension was (9.51±2.33) and the score of social inhibition dimension was (8.54±2.61). The proportion of patients with type D personality is 24.9% (79/317). The score of Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was (9.52±4.83), and the incidence of depression was 20.2% (64/317). Correlation analysis showed that D-type personality of patients, negative cognitive processing bias and depression were positively correlated ( P<0.05). The mediating effect analysis showed that type D personality could directly affect the occurrence of depression (effect size 0.431, P<0.001), or indirectly through negative cognitive processing bias (effect size 0.145, P<0.001) . Conclusions:The negative cognitive processing bias is an important factor in the occurrence of depression in patients with CHD and with type D personality. Improving the negative cognitive processing bias will help reduce the occurrence of depression and improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-utility of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic esophageal carcinoma. METHODS Cost-utility analysis of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for advanced or metastatic esophageal carcinoma was conducted by using a three-state partitioned survival model from the perspective of health system in China. The model use d a lifetime simulation time frame with 3 weeks as a cycle. The survival data were extrapolated using KEYNOTE- 590 data；cost data were obtained from the median of 2022 public winning bid on Yaozhi network ，among which the price of pembrolizumab was obtained after discounting by a patient assistance program ；utility data were obtained from the literatures ，and a 5％ discount rate was used for both cost and utility. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were also conducted to examine model robustness. RESULTS Analysis of the base case results showed that compared to chemotherapy alone ，the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER）of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy regimens were 950 528.42 yuan/QALY，107 845.39 yuan/QALY and 315 754.56 yuan/QALY for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC），programmed deathligand- 1 combined positive score （PD-L1 CPS）≥10 and intention-to-treat population （ITT），respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the basic analysis results. CONCLUSIONS Under our healthcare system ，using a threshold of willingness-to-pay of 1-3 times our GDP per capita in 2021，pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy regimen isn ’t cost-utility compared with chemotherapy alone in the ESCC and ITT subgroups of patients ，while it is cost-utility in the PD-L 1 CPS≥10 subgroup of patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of denosumab and zoledronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis ，and to provide reference for relevant decision-making. METHODS From the perspective of Chinese health system ，Excel 2003 software was used to establish Markov model ，and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of denosumab or zoledronic acid combined with calcium carbonate D 3 in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pharmacotherapy effects were obtained from the network Meta-analysis ，and cost and health-utility value data were obtained from the published literature or network ，etc. The model cycle was 1 year，and the simulation time limit was the patient ’s lifetime. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate the impact of model parameter changes on the robustness of the results ；and the cost-effectiveness of changing the medication cycle of zoledronic acid were explored through scenario analysis. RESULTS Denosumab regimen was more effective than zoledronic acid regimen （12.77 QALYs vs. 11.98 QALYs），and its cost was also higher than zoledronic acid regimen （51 224.56 yuan vs. 49 221.67 yuan）， and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 2 544.14 yuan/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of Zoledronic acid injection and that of Denosumab injection had great impact on the results. The results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that when using 3 times of per capita gross domestic product （GDP）in China in 2021 as the threshold of willingness to pay ，the probability of Denosumab regimen being cost-effective was 85.4％. The results of the scenario analysis showed that the Denosumab regimen was still more cost-effective when the dosing cycle of zoledronic acid was changed. CONCLUSIONS Under the threshold of 1-3 times of Chinese per capita GDP in 2021，denosumab combined with calcium carbonate D 3 is more cost-effective than zoledronic acid combined with calcium carbonate D 3 in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety and economy of iron isomaltoside in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia using a rapid health technology assessment （HTA） method， and provide an evidence-based basis for clinical decision-making. METHODS PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang database and foreign HTA official websites were systematically searched， and the search time frame of the databases was from the establishment of the database to May 25th 2022. After data extraction and quality evaluation of the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， a descriptive analysis of the effectiveness， safety and economy of iron isomaltoside in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia was performed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 1 HTA report， 3 systematic reviews/meta-analysis and 5 economic studies were included. In terms of effectiveness， compared with ferric carboxymaltose， the hemoglobin level of patients using iron isomaltoside increased more， but there was no significant difference in the proportion of responding patients； compared with iron sucrose， it had non- inferiority in increasing and maintaining hemoglobin level， and there was no difference in the quality of life. In terms of safety， the incidence of adverse events of ferric carboxymaltose， iron sucrose and iron isomaltoside were 12.0%， 15.3% and 17.0%， respectively. Iron isomaltoside had a lower incidence of hypophosphatemia， compared with ferric carboxymaltose. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of hypophosphatemia among iron isomaltoside， iron sucrose， iron-dextrin and nanocrystalline iron oxide. The conclusion of the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse event， the incidence of serious adverse events and the withdrawal rate of patients due to adverse events was not clear. In terms of economy， the economy of iron isomaltoside is better than that of iron sucrose， and the economy of iron isomaltoside versus that of ferric carboxymaltose had not been finalized.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab for consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer from the perspective of the Chinese health care system. METHODS A Markov model was developed by using updated four-year survival data from the PACIFIC trial in May 2021 and relevant literature. The cost-effectiveness of durvalumab for consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by using quality-adjusted life years （QALYs）as health output index with 20-year simulation time frame and a 2-week cycling period. The costs and health output were discounted using discount rate of 5％；one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to examine the robustness of the model simulation results. RESULTS The results of the base analysis showed that compared with placebo group ，durvalumab resulted in 0.73 QALYs at an incremental cost of 1 076 062.86 yuan and an incremental cost-utility ratio （ICER）of 1 467 546.54 yuan/QALY，which was much higher than 3-fold per capita gross domestic products （GDP）in 2020（217 713 yuan）as willingness-to-pay （WTP）threshold. The results of one-way sensitivity analysis showed that the price of durvalumab and discount rate had a great impact on ICER. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed no cost-effective advantage for durvalumab when the WTP threshold was three times of GDP per capita in 2020 （217 713 yuan）. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of Chinese health care system ，there is no cost-effective advantage to the use of durvalumab for consolidation therapy after chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer when the WTP threshold was three times of GDP per capita in 2020.

Objective:To explore the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on growth plate development of tibial growth plate in young chronic renal failure (CRF) rats.Methods:Four-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and CRF group ( n=20/per group). Control group was intragastric administration with distilled water, and CRF group was given adenine suspension (150 mg·kg -1·d -1). All the young rats were sacrificed after continuous gavages for 6 weeks. The full length of tibia was compared between the two groups. The width of tibia proximal growth plates was measured by micro-CT scanning, and the width of the growth plate was also measured in histological sections. Chondrocytes isolated from growth plate in two groups were cultured in vitro to P3 generation. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of collagen Ⅱ, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and β-catenin in chondrocytes. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of collagen Ⅱ, MMP-13 and β-catenin. Results:Compared with the control group, the tibial length of rats in the CRF group was shorter [(27.32±5.81) mm vs (35.43±3.61) mm, t=5.226, P<0.001], the width of growth plate in micro-CT picture was more narrow [(0.72±0.22) mm vs (1.13±0.27) mm, t=5.096, P<0.001], and the relative width of the growth plate was also more narrow ( t=6.744, P<0.001) in histological sections. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed the expressions of collagen Ⅱ in the CRF group decreased significantly ( t=8.212, P<0.001), MMP-13 ( t=13.091, P<0.001) and β-catenin ( t=7.534, P<0.001) increased significantly compared the control group in chondrocytes. Conclusion:The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is highly expressed in the tibial growth plate of young rats with chronic renal failure, which leads to accelerated degeneration and differentiation of chondrocytes and a closure tendency of growth plate.

Production of biofuels such as ethanol from non-grain crops may contribute to alleviating the global energy crisis and reducing the potential threat to food security. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a commercial crop with high biomass yield. Breeding of starch-rich tobacco plants may provide alternative raw materials for the production of fuel ethanol. We cloned the small subunit gene NtSSU of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (NtAGPase), which controls starch biosynthesis in tobacco, and constructed a plant expression vector pCAMBIA1303-NtSSU. The NtSSU gene was overexpressed in tobacco upon Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation. Phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of NtSSU gene promoted the accumulation of starch in tobacco leaves, and the content of starch in tobacco leaves increased from 17.5% to 41.7%. The growth rate and biomass yield of the transgenic tobacco with NtSSU gene were also significantly increased. The results revealed that overexpression of NtSSU gene could effectively redirect more photosynthesis carbon flux into starch biosynthesis pathway, which led to an increased biomass yield but did not generate negative effects on other agronomic traits. Therefore, NtSSU gene can be used as an excellent target gene in plant breeding to enrich starch accumulation in vegetative organs to develop new germplasm dedicated to fuel ethanol production.
Biomass ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Leaves/genetics* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism* ; Starch ; Tobacco/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the bone metabolism in hospitalized patients with Graves disease and the changes after 131I therapy.Methods The differences of bone metabolism were analyzed between 315 patients with Graves disease and 300 normal controls in a case-control study.The changes in bone turnover markers and BMD levels before and one year after 131I therapy were observed in 60 patients.Results Compared to normal control,bone turnover markers were markly higher and BMD levels were lower in patients with Graves disease.The level of thyroid hormones were positively related to bone turnover markers,while negatively related to total hip BMD (Z-score).But there was no linear relationship with lumbarand femoral neck BMD (Z-score).After one year of 131I therapy,bone turnover markers were markly lower than that before treatment,while BMD levels were partly higher than that before treatment.Conclusions In Graves disease patients,bone turnover markers were generally increased,while BMD levels decreased compared with normal people.After 131I therapy,along with the improvement of thyrotoxicosis,the high bone turnover rate can be suppressed,and BMD can partly recover.

Objective To investigate the performances and characteristics of femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI)on MSCT. Methods Hips jointed MSCT scans of 109 cases (as case group)and the other 120 cases (as control group)were analyzed retrospec-tively,to analyze the anatomy and osseous abnomality of FAI.Alpha angle,offset,CE angle were measured.The data were tested by using t test and ANOVA test.Results There were 57 cases of osseous protuberance at the femoral head and neck joint,26 cases of the offset reduction,17 cases of over-coverage acetabulum,41 cases of over-deep acetabulum,20 cases of acetabular retroversion,57 cases of subcortical cystic degeneration at the femoral head and neck joint and 22 cases of subchondral cystic degeneration at the ace-tabulum margin.Significant statistical differences were found between case group and control group in alpha angle value,offset and CE angle (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrated that except results between the value of alpha angle of Cam-type and Mixed-type(P=0.071),Pincer-type and the control group(P=0.083)with no statistical significance,the differences between any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrated that except result between the value of offset of Cam-type and Mixed-type(P=0.561)with no statistical significance,the differences between any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Multiple comparisons demonstrate that except results between the value of CE angle Pin-cer-type and Mixed-type (P=0.444),Cam-type and the control group (P=0.236)with no statistical significance,the differences be-tween any other two groups reached statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Different type of FAI has its unique anatomical features.Alpha angle,offsetand CE angle for the diagnosis of FAI have important reference values.

Objective To investigate the prevention efficiency of spanishneedles herb eye drops on rabbit model with dry eye syndrome caused by sex hormones decline in peri-menopause. Methods Totally 26 rabbits ( 26 right eyes) with dry eye model were studied,and divided into two groups:group A ( the control group, n=12) and group B ( the spanishneedles herb eye drops group, n=12) ,another two rabbits were used as normal control.The Schirmer I tests (SIT), and corneal fluorescein ( FL) were detected, and the total protein content in tear, amylase activity, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents were measured and confocal scanning microscopy were performed at pre-therapy and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months after therapy,respectively. Results There were no significant difference in the total proteins,lysozyme,lactoferrin and amylase activity between two groups at pre-therapy (P>0.05).After 2 months treatment, there were statistical differences in all items of group A(P<0.05), and SIT, FL in group B(P<0.05).There were significant differences in all indexes between group A and B at 1 wk,2wk,1mo,2mo after therapy.After 2 months treatment,the mean numbers of corneal basal cell in the group B were significantly lower(3 452±422)than those in the group A ( 4 104 ± 568 ) ( P<0. 05 ) . The mean numbers of the inflammatory cells in the group B ( 42 ± 18 ) were significantly lower than those in the group A(208±69)( P<0.05). Conclusion Spanishneedles herb eye drops has significant prevention effect on dry eye syndrome caused by sex hormones decline in peri-menopause.