Aim To investigate the effect of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde ( HD) on intestinal fibrosis in mice based on mouse intestinal fibrosis model and in vitro EMT model,and to explore the underlying mechanism Methods HE staining, Masson staining, immunohisto-chemistry ,qPCR, Western blot and other experimental methods were used to verify the effect of HD on intestinal fibrosis in mice and the potential mechanism. Results In vivo experiments showed that compared with the normal group, the DSS-induced intestinal fibrosis model group had shortened colon, increased colon his-topathological score, increased collagen volume fraction, and significantly increased collagen I expression. After treatment with 4, 10, and 25 mg • kg

【Objective】 Dyslipidemia has shown to be associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between residual cholesterol and the risk of subclinical renal damage (SRD). 【Methods】 A total of 2 342 participants were recruited from the previously established Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort. According to estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatine ratio(uACR), the subjects were divided into SRD group and non-SRD group. The associations of residual cholesterol with eGFR, uACR, and the risk of SRD were analyzed by multiple linear and Logistic regression analyses. 【Results】 Residual cholesterol was positively correlated with uACR(r=0.081, P<0.001) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.091, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was an influencing factor of uACR (β=0.075, P<0.001) and eGFR (β=-0.027, P<0.001) after adjustment for gender, age, smoke, alcohol, exercise, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and serum uric acid. In addition, Logistic regression analysis revealed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD independently of potential confounders [OR(95% CI)=1.387 (1.113-1.728), P<0.001]. Further subgroup analysis showed that residual cholesterol was significantly associated with the risk of SRD in women but not in men. 【Conclusion】 Residual cholesterol is a contributing factor in the risk of subclinical renal damage with gender-specific association.

【Objective】 Corin, a transmembrane serine protease that can cleave atrial natriuretic peptide precursor (pro-ANP) into atrial natriuretic peptide with smaller bioactive molecules, participates in the pathophysiological process of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of Corin gene variation with blood pressure responses to sodium and potassium dietary interventions. 【Methods】 In 2004, we recruited 514 participants from 124 families in 7 villages of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China. All the subjects received a 3-day normal diet, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Fifteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Corin gene were selected for final analysis. 【Results】 SNPs rs12509275 were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to low-salt diet, while rs3749584 was associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to low-salt diet.SNP rs3749584 and rs10517195 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt diet. In addition,rs17654278 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to high-salt and potassium supplementation, rs2271037 was significantly correlated with DBP responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation, and rs4695253, rs12509275, rs2351783, rs36090894 were significantly associated with PP response to high-salt and potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Corin gene polymorphisms were associated with blood pressure response to sodium and potassium, suggesting that Corin gene may be involved in pathophysiological process of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.

【Objective】 4-like protein with down-regulated expression and development in neural precursor cells (NEDD4L) plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and sodium homeostasis by regulating epithelial sodium channel protein. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship of NEDD4L gene polymorphisms with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish a salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. All the subjects received a 3-day baseline survey, a 7-day low-salt diet, a 7-day high-salt diet, and finally a 7-day high-salt and potassium supplementation. Their BP was measured and peripheral blood samples were collected at different intervention periods. The 14 gene polymorphisms of NEDD4L gene were genotyped and analyzed by MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP decreased on a low-salt diet, and significantly increased on a high-salt diet, and decreased again after potassium supplementation. NEDD4L SNPs rs74408486 were significantly associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure responses to the low-salt diet. SNPs rs292449 and rs2288775 were significantly associated with pulse pressure response to the high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs563283 and rs292449 were significantly associated with diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure responses to high-salt and potassium supplementation diet. 【Conclusion】 NEDD4L gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intake, suggesting that NEDD4L gene may be involved in the development of salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity.

【Objective】 Based on our previously established salt-sensitive hypertension cohort, we aimed to examine the association of genetic variants in uromodulin with blood pressure(BP) responses to dietary interventions of sodium and potassium intake. 【Methods】 In 2004, 514 subjects from 124 families in Mei County, Shaanxi Province, were recruited to establish the salt-sensitive hypertension study cohort. Among them, 333 non-parent subjects were selected and sequentially maintained on a normal-diet for 3 days, low-salt diet for 7 days, then a high-salt diet for 7 days and a high-salt diet with potassium supplementation for another 7 days. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the uromodulin gene were genotyped on the MassARRAY platform. 【Results】 BP levels decreased from the baseline to low-salt diet, increased from low-salt to high-salt diet, and decreased again from the high-salt diet to the high-salt plus potassium supplementation intervention. SNPs rs77875418 and rs4997081 of the uromodulin gene were significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs77875418, rs79245268, rs4293393, rs6497476, rs4997081, rs13333226, and rs12917707 were significantly associated with systolic BP(SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in uromodulin gene are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium supplementation, suggesting that uromodulin may be mechanistically involved in BP sodium-sensitivity and potassium-sensitivity.

【Objective】 M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor(M3 receptor), encoded by CHRM3 gene, is widely distributed in the cardiovascular system and plays an important role in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetic variants in M3 receptor with blood pressure(BP) responses to controlled dietary sodium and potassium interventions. 【Methods】 A total of 333 subjects from 124 families were recruited from the rural areas of northern China. After a three-day baseline observation, they were sequentially on a seven-day low-salt diet, a seven-day high-salt diet, and a seven-day high-salt diet plus potassium supplementation. Thirteen CHRM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were selected for analysis. 【Results】 SNP rs10802811 of the CHRM3 was significantly associated with diastolic BP(DBP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) responses to both low-salt and high-salt diets while SNPs rs6429147, rs373288072, rs114677844 and rs663148 showed significant associations with systolic BP(SBP) and MAP responses to high-salt diet. In addition, SNP rs6692904 was significantly associated with SBP, DBP and MAP responses to high-salt diet with potassium supplementation. 【Conclusion】 Genetic variants in M3 receptor are significantly associated with BP responses to sodium and potassium intervention, suggesting that M3 receptor may be mechanistically involved in BP salt and potassium sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of natural phenolic compound p-hydroxybenzoic acid(HA) on adjuvant arthritis(AA) induced by the complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA), and to clarify the mechanism of HA preliminary. METHODS Apart from the normal group, all rats received 0.1 mL CFA by plantar subcutaneous injection to induce AA rats model. And rats with AA were randomized to the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose HA group(2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg-1, respectively), the positive control group(indomethacine, 5 mg·kg-1). The rats in each group were orally treated with the corresponding drugs for therapeutic intervention. The volume and leg thickness of the rats in each group were recorded and an inflated articular score was obtained. Inflammation cytokine expression(TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) was determined by ELISA and qPCR. Radiographs and HE staining were used to observe histopathological and pathological changes in the foot. The expressions of caspase-1 and NF-κB were examined in Western blotting. RESULTS HA could significantly alleviate joint swelling in AA rat(P<0.05), inhibited the production of inflammatory factors(TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) from protein and mRNA levels(P<0.05), and decreased the expression levels of caspase-1 and NF-κB at protein level(P<0.05). HA alleviated ankle injury in rats by X-ray examination, and HE staining showed that HA could significantly inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the destruction of cartilage surface(P<0.05), and these results were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION HA may relieve rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB/casepase-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) trajectories in children and adolescents and subclinical renal damage (SRD) in adulthood.Methods:4 623 participants aged 6-18 years old were recruited from the ongoing cohort of Hanzhong adolescent hypertension study in 1987, and the subjects were followed up in 1989, 1992, 1995, 2005, 2013 and 2017, respectively. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct BMI trajectories in longitudinal analysis. Generalized linear model was applied to examine the association between different BMI trajectories and SRD incidence in adulthood.Results:A total of 2 678 subjects from childhood to adulthood were enrolled in this study. All subjects were divided into three groups according to three distinct BMI trajectories: low-increasing BMI group ( n=1 017), moderate-increasing BMI group ( n=1 353), and high-increasing BMI group ( n=308). Over follow up for 30 years, a total of 248 participants (9.3%) developed SRD. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) in low to high-increasing BMI group was 0.9(0.6, 1.4), 1.0(0.7, 1.7), 1.6(0.8, 3.2), respectively ( P trend<0.001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 98.5(87.6, 111.6) , 96.2(86.4, 109.7), 95.3 (87.5, 125.0) ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1, respectively ( P trend=0.025). The generalized linear model analysis showed that uACR was increased linearly from low to high-increasing BMI group [ β=3.16(95% CI 1.02-5.31), Ptrend=0.004]. There was no correlation or linear trend between BMI trajectory and estimated glomerular filtration rate [ β=-2.30(95% CI-5.18-0.57), Ptrend=0.117]. Compared with the low-increasing BMI group, the high-increasing BMI group had greater odds of experiencing SRD in adulthood after adjusting for multiple confounders such as age, gender, medical history and lifestyle ( OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.84-4.36, Ptrend<0.001). Conclusions:Higher BMI trajectorie is correlated with higher level of uACR and risk of SRD in middle age. Identifying long-term BMI trajectorie from early age may assist in predicting individuals′ renal function in later life.

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. It usually exhibits seasonal transmission, but the novel influenza strain can lead to a pandemic with severe human health and socioeconomic consequences. Early warning of influenza epidemic is an important strategy and means for influenza prevention and control. On the basis of reviewing the main influenza surveillance and early warning systems, this study summarizes the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages, and development prospects of common influenza early warning models, in order to provide reference for research and application of early warning technology for influenza and other acute respiratory infectious diseases.
Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology* ; Pandemics/prevention & control*

Background Stroke has become a main cause of death in China. With global warming, the studies on temperature and stroke have attracted much attention. Objective To analyze he relationships between heatwave and the years of life lost (YLL) by different subtypes of stroke by controlling temporal and spatial effects with Bayesian spatio-temporal model, and to study the modifiers of the health effect of heatwave. Methods The daily information of stroke deaths, meteorological data, and air pollutant data in 40 districts and counties of Guangdong Province were collected during the warm seasons (from May to October) in the years from 2014 to 2017. The individual YLL was first calculated by matching age and gender according to the life table, and then the daily YLL rate (person-years/100 000 people) was obtained by summarizing the daily YLL and correcting it with the population of each district or county. Bayesian spatio-temporal model was used to fit a proposed exposure-response relationship between heatwave and the YLL rates of different subtypes of stroke. Finally, stratified analyses were conducted by age (<65 years, ≥65 years), gender (male, female), and region (Pearl River Delta and non-Pearl River Delta regions) to identify the major modifiers for the association between heatwave and stroke mortality. Results During the warm seasons from 2014 to 2017, a total of 23 heatwave events occurred in the 40 districts or counties of Guangdong Province, cumulatively lasting for 145 d. A total of 30 852 stroke deaths were recorded in the same time periods. The average daily YLL rate of total stroke was (2.39±3.63) person-years/100 000 people, and those for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were (1.54±2.99) person-years/100 000 people and (0.84±1.85) person-years/100 000 people, respectively. Heatwave was associated with increased YLL rate of stroke in residents, and it had a greater impact on ischemic stroke with a lag effect. The largest cumulative effect of heatwave was at lag 0-1 day, which was associated with an increased YLL rate of total stroke and ischemic stroke by 0.17 (95%CI: 0.03-0.29) person-years/100 000 people and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.06-0.20) person-years/100 000 people, respectively. The results of stratified analyses showed that heatwave had a larger effect on ischemic stroke in residents of aged 65 years or older, male, and non-Pearl River Delta regions, and the rates of YLL increased by 1.11 (95%CI: 0.58-1.55), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.03-0.23), and 0.20 (95%CI: 0.07-0.32) person-years/100 000 people, respectively; Heatwave only had an effect on hemorrhagic stroke in residents aged 65 years or older with an increased YLL rate of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.26-1.31) person-years/100 000 people. Conclusion Heatwave could elevate the level of years of life lost associated with stroke in Guangdong residents, with greater impacts on ischemic stroke of the aged, men, and residents in non-Pearl River Delta regions, and on hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly.