Background A large number of power supply workers are involved in live working and are exposed to multiple risk factors for long periods of time during outdoor work, which in turn causes occupational health problems. Objective To identify potential ergonomic factors related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and estimate the ergonomic risk of electricians. Methods A total of 31 workers were randomly selected from a training base under a power supply enterprise in Guangxi, and their operation processes were recorded by video. Using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method, the workers were scored by the posture of their arms, neck, and torso during operation, and the final scores were summarized to assess their risk level. Two independent samples t-tests were used to compare the differences in RULA scores. Results A total of 31 videos for mounting/dismounting insulation mask and 29 videos for breaking/connecting contact terminal were collected. The RULA score for mounting/dismounting insulation mask was 6.6 ± 0.7 (left side) and 7.0 ± 0.2 (right side), most of the workers had a score of 7 (71.0% on the left side and 96.8% on the right side), and the upper limb and overall scores on the right side were higher than those on the left side (P < 0.05). The RULA score for breaking/connecting contact terminal was 6.9 ± 0.4 (both right and left sides), most of workers had a score of 7 (89.7% on the left side and 93.1% on the right side), and the difference of the overall scores between the right and left side for this operation were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The ergonomic risk levels for both operations were level 3 or higher. Conclusion Mounting/dismounting insulation mask and breaking/connecting contact terminal are typical upper limb operations, and have a high level of ergonomics risk, requiring effective preventive and protective measures.

Objective To analyze the distribution of occupational hazard factors (OHFs) in key enterprises in Foshan City. Methods A total of 373 enterprises from 11 key industries in Foshan City in 2022 were selected as the research subjects using the purposive sampling method. Monitoring data of OHFs in workplaces were obtained and analyzed from the "Workplace Occupational Hazards Monitoring Information System" under "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Results Among the 373 enterprises, small and micro-sized enterprises, and large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 85.5% and 14.5% respectively. A total of 24 137 sampling points in the workplaces were monitored for OHFs, with the national standard compliance rate of 92.1%. Among different OHFs, the compliance rates ranked from highest to lowest were chemical agents, dust, and noise (98.0% vs 89.3% vs 52.0%, P<0.01). A total of 63 131 workers were employed in 373 enterprises, among whom 29 753 were exposed to OHFs, yielding an overall exposure rate of 47.1%. Exposure rates of OHFs by enterprise scale, from highest to lowest, were micro-sized, small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized enterprises (69.2% vs 52.7% vs 47.3% vs 39.0%, P<0.01). The proportion of workers participated in occupational medical examination was 85.1%, with re-examination proportion of 62.5% and the abnormality detection rate of 2.1%. Conclusion In key enterprises in Foshan City, the risk of noise exposure is relatively high, and the exposure rate of OHFs is highest in micro-sized enterprises. The occupational health supervision and management department needs to strengthen the governance of noise hazards in a targeted manner and urge enterprises (especially micro-sized enterprises) to fulfill their primary responsibilities in occupational disease prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of different traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in patients with heart failure based on information from electronic medical record. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to collect clinical data of all inpatients with heart failure in the Department of Cardiology， Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1， 2019 to December 31， 2020. A database of clinical TCM data was established to explore the characteristics of clinical data of basic information， syndromes and syndrome element types， and biochemical indexes. The distribution of TCM syndromes and syndrome elements in heart failure patients were also analysed， and the basic information and biochemical indexes of the patients with top 7 different TCM syndrome types were compared. ResultsA total of 1676 inpatients with heart fai-lure were included. The top 7 TCM syndromes of heart failure were syndrome of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis （477 cases， 28.46%）， syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis （439 cases， 26.19%）， syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis with water retention （274 cases， 16.35%）， syndrome of yang deficiency with water retention （145 cases， 8.65%）， syndrome of qi and yin deficiency （104 cases， 6.21%）， syndrome of qi and yin deficiency with blood stasis （80 cases， 4.77%）， syndrome of heart yang deficiency （59 cases， 3.52%）. Among the 1676 patients， 6 syndrome elements accounted for more than 5%. Blood stasis accounted for the highest proportion of TCM syndrome element type （1292 cases， 77.09%）， followed by qi deficiency （919 cases， 54.83%）， phlegm （498 cases， 29.71%）， water retention （434 cases， 25.89%）， yang deficiency （215 cases， 12.82%） and yin deficiency （191 cases， 11.40%）. Among the 1676 patients， 1308 cases of acute heart failure mainly showed syndrome of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis （386 cases， 29.51%）， and 368 of chronic heart fai-lure mainly showed syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis （118 cases， 32.07%）. Patients with syndrome of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis had the shortest disease duration of 0.3 months， while those with syndrome of heart yang deficiency had the longest disease duration of 15 months. The proportion of syndrome of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis was the highest in patients with heart failure combined with coronary artery disease， the proportion of syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis with water retention was the highest in patients with heart failure combined with atrial fibrillation， and the proportion of patients with syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis with water retention and syndrome of yang deficiency with water retention in those applying diuretics during the hospital stay was the highest with more than 86%. The different 7 TCM syndromes showed statistically difference in patients with complications including coronary artery disease， old myocardial infarction， atrial fibrillation， pre and post-admission medication usage including intravenous vasodilators， cardiac stimulants， diuretics， and level of blood chloride， blood urea， blood creatinine， blood bicarbonate， blood albumin， and blood total bilirubin （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe most common TCM syndromes in patients with heart failure are syndrome of phlegm turbidity and blood stasis and syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis. Different TCM syndromes have different characteristics in gender， disease complications， medication before and after admission， and blood indexes.

Objective To observe the effects of Jianpi Qutan Huayu Prescription on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in mini-pigs with atherosclerosis(AS);To explore its mechanism based on the NOX5-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Methods Twelve Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into control group,model group,and Jianpi Qutan Huayu Prescription low-and high-dosage groups,with 3 pigs in each group.A high-fat diet was used to feed for 24 weeks to construct an AS model,and the treatment group was also supplemented with Jianpi Qutan Huayu Prescription in the feed.The general condition of mini-pigs(body length,abdominal circumference,body mass,food intake,and fecal water content)was measured at week 0,16,and 24 of administration,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of aortic tissue,while oil red O staining was used to observe lipid deposition in aortic and myocardial tissue,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of aortic tissue,and a fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum contents of TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C.ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum reactive oxygen species(ROS),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,hypersensitivity-C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1).Western blot was used to detect the expressions of NADPH oxidase 5(NOX5),extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),p-ERK1/2,VCAM-1,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)proteins.Results Compared with the control group,the abdominal circumference,body mass,and food intake of mini-pigs in the model group increased at 16 and 24 weeks(P<0.01),there was significant thickening of the inner membrane of aorta,destruction of endothelial cells,lipid deposition,edema of smooth muscle cells,and significant swelling of mitochondria,serum TC,LDL-C contents and the contents of ROS,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,hs-CRP,VCAM-1,and ICAM-1 increased,while the content of HDL-C decreased(P<0.01);the expressions of NOX5,p-ERK1/2,VCAM-1,and PCNA proteins in aortic tissue increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,Jianpi Qutan Huayu Prescription low-and high-dosage groups showed a decrease in abdominal circumference,body mass,and food intake at 16 and 24 weeks(P<0.05,P<0.01),the plaque area and lipid deposition were reduced,and the damage to endothelial cells was alleviated,serum TC,LDL-C contents and the contents of ROS,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,hs-CRP,ICAM-1,and VCAM-1 decreased,and the content of HDL-C increased(P<0.01,P<0.05);the expressiond of NOX5,p-ERK1/2,VCAM-1,and PCNA proteins in aortic tissue decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Jianpi Qutan Huayu Prescription can effectively alleviate AS in mini-pigs,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NOX5-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and alleviating oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response.

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an endocrine metabolic disease mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia,which seriously threatens the health and quality of life of human beings,and with the improvement of living standard and unhealthy lifestyle in China,the incidence of DM continues to rise and tends to be younger,so it is urgent to carry out in-depth research on hypoglycemic treatment.DM is pathologically based on absolute or relative insulin deficiency,and there is no radical cure for it,and Western medicine mostly adopts insulin injection or oral hypoglycemic drugs for symptomatic treatment,which is effective but prone to toxic side effects in long-term use.Chinese medicine has the advantages of multi-path and multi-target in treating DM,and plays a role in lowering blood sugar by promoting insulin secretion,improving insulin resistance,regulating glucolipid metabolism and anti-oxidative stress,etc.Its efficacy is remarkable and the rate of toxic side effects is low.In recent years,there have been more studies on the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and compound prescriptions on animal models of DM.By reviewing the relevant literature in recent years,the author has systematically sorted out the mechanism of hypoglycemic action of single Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions,effective components of traditional Chinese medicine and their related experimental designs,from promoting insulin secretion,inhibiting gluconeogenesis,promoting glycogen synthesis,improving insulin resistance,inhibiting glycosidase activity,alleviating oxidative stress damage,inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating intestinal stress.The study and experimental design of the hypoglycemic mechanism of Chinese medicine were summarized in terms of promoting insulin secretion,inhibiting gluconeogenesis,promoting glycogen synthesis,improving insulin resistance,inhibiting glucosidase activity,alleviating oxidative stress damage,inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating intestinal flora,etc.,with a view to providing reference for the wider clinical application of Chinese medicine in hypoglycemia and its in-depth pharmacodynamic study.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of apigenin on the liver of hyperlipidemic mice based on metabolomics methods.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups including blank,model,fenofibrate(26.0 mg·kg-1),and apigenin(12.5 mg·kg-1)groups,with six mice in each group.Each group was treated with corresponding drug by gavage once a day for five days.On the third day of administration,the mouse model of acute hyperlipidemia was induced by a single intramuscular injection of Triton WR-1339(5 mL·kg-1)at a concentration of 0.12 g·mL-1.Biochemical indexes such as TC and TG in mice serum were measured by using a fully automatic microplate reader.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue.UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was applied to analyze liver tissue samples.Differential metabolites were screened by using multivariate statistical analysis methods such as PCA,PLS-DA,and OPLS-DA.Then we ran the mass spectrometry information of these metabolites through online databases including HMDB,METLIN and KEGG,as well as combined with relevant literature to obtain the potential differential metabolites.The identified potential differential compounds were imported into the MetaboAnalyst platform for metabolic pathway analysis.Results Compared with the blank group,TC and TG levels in mice serum of model group increased obviously(P＜0.01).Irregular arrangement of liver cells,fat vacuoles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found.Compared with the model group,TC and TG levels in mice serum of apigenin group decreased(P＞0.05).Fatty lesions in liver tissue were significantly improved,and fat vacuoles and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced.A total of 35 differential metabolites were screened.Twenty-six differential metabolites showed callback trend after apigenin treatment.Eight metabolic pathways were obviously affected,among which pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis,as well as arachidonic acid metabolism are two main metabolic pathways(P＜0.05).Conclusion Apigenin exhibits a certain protective effect on liver of hyperlipidemic mice,and its mechanism may be related to regulating liver inflammatory response and lipid metabolism-related pathways.

Background Prolonged awkward postures during occupational activities can lead to excessive musculoskeletal load on the wrist of workers and symptoms such as wrist pain or discomfort. Objective To survey the prevalence of wrist pain among workers in 10 key industries and analyze its correlation with wrist working postures. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, workers from 10 key industries, such as footwear manufacturing industry, shipbuilding manufacturing industry, and automobile manufacturing industry, were selected from seven regions in North China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China, and Northeast China. The demographic information, wrist working postures, pain in wrist of the workers were collected through a cross-sectional survey. Pearson χ² test was used to compare prevalence by selected factors, trend χ² test for between group comparison, and unconditional logistic regression models for the association of wrist working postures with wrist pain. Results There were 64052 workers enrolled in this survey, and 56286 provided valid questionnaires (the effective rate was 87.8%). According to the survey, the prevalence of wrist pain was 23.3% (13112/56286), and the industries with higher prevalences were footwear manufacturing (27.1%, 1927/7106), automobile manufacturing (24.9%, 5378/21560), and shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing (24.4%, 850/3488) industries. Finger pinching (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.95-2.24), frequent wrist bending (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.92-2.15), fixed wrist bending (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.69-1.85), wrist on hard edge (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.28-1.40), and arms over shoulders (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.17) increased the risk of reporting wrist pain. Conclusion Awkward postures are related to wrist pain among workers in selected 10 key industries. The related factors are wrist on hard edge, frequent wrist bending, finger pinching, fixed wrist bending, and arms over shoulders.

【Objective】 To evaluate and analyze the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on inventory of red blood cells (RBCs)in local and municipal blood stations in China, and to provide reference for the management of public health emergencies. 【Methods】 Relevant data from 2018 to 2021 were collected, and the differences in the volume of qualified RBCs, the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs, the average daily distribution of RBCs,the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood, the difference in the average storage days of RBCs at the time of distribution, the average daily inventory of RBCs and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution in 24 local and municipal blood stations in China during the COVID-19 epidemic and non-epidemic periods were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with non-epidemic periods, the volume of qualified RBCs [(117 525.979 ±52 203.175)U] and the average daily distribution of RBCs [( 156. 468 ± 70. 186) U ] increased significantly, but the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs decreased(97.24%±0.51%) significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood(73.88%±20.30%), the average storage days of RBCs distribution(13.040 ±3.486), the average daily stock quantity of RBCs[(2 280.542 ±1 446.538) U ] and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution[(15.062 ±7.453) d] (P>0.5). 【Conclusion】 During the COVID-19 epidemic, the inventory management of RBCs operated well, the overall inventory remained relatively stable, the stock composition and storage period showed no significant change.

Objective: To establish a solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for determination of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in workplace air. Methods: The air samples were collected using activated carbon tubes, desorbed by carbon disulfide, separated by dimethylpolysiloxane capillary columns, and detected by a flame ionization detector. Results: The linear range of DMC was 2.14 to 1.07×10⁴ mg/L, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. The detection limit was 0.14 mg/L, the lower limit of quantification was 0.47 mg/L, the minimum detection concentration was 0.10 mg/m³, and the minimum quantification concentration was 0.32 mg/m³ (based on 1.5 L workplace air). The average desorption efficiency of the method was 96.2% to 102.0%. Both the within-run and between-run relative standard deviations were 0.9% to 2.3%. The samples could be stored for at least seven days at four celsius degree. Conclusion: This method shows high desorption efficiency, high sensitivity, good precision and is simple in using. It can be used for the determination of DMC in workplace air.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace by gas chromatography.Methods:In January 2022, 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace was collected by activated carbontube, eluted with dichloromethane-methanol (95∶5, V/ V), separated by capillary column and determined by gas chromatogram. Results:The limit of detection for 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.04 μg/ml. The linear range of 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.16-1616.60 μg/ml, with the regression equation of y=1.94 x-5.48, and the coefficient correlation was 0.99958, and the minimum detection concentration was 0.03 mg/m 3 (collected sample volume was 1.50 L). The within-run precisions were 1.08%-1.75% and the between-run precisions were 1.41%-2.52%. The desorption rates were 95.15%-99.91%. The samples could be stored at least 3 days at room temperature and 7 days at 4 ℃ without significant loss. Conclusion:The method has the advantages of good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation. It is suitable for the determination of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the air of workplace.