A UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS method was developed to identify the related substances in apixaban tablets. Complete separation was accomplished with a Waters Xbridge C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 30 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.50) and acetonitrile. The related substances were successfully characterized through the accurate mass and elemental composition of the parent ions and their product ions determined by electrospray positive ionization high-resolution Q-Orbitrap/MS methods. Under the established analytical condition, apixaban and its related substances were well separated, and 30 related substances were detected and identified by hyphenated techniques in apixaban tablets and their stressed samples. Among them, 11 were known impurities and the rest 19 were unknown related substances identified for the first time in this study. The results obtained are valuable for apixaban manufacturing process optimization and quality control.

Objective:To explore the association between environment exposure and hormone-sensitive cough in patients with chronic cough.Methods:Clinical data of 197 patients with chronic cough visited outpatient clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 130 cases of corticosteroid responsive cough (CRC, 66.0%) and 67 cases of non-corticosteroid responsive cough (NCRC, 34.0%). The association between living environment exposure and hormone sensitivity was examined with a binary logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 197 patients with chronic cough, there were 82 males (41.6%) and 115 females (58.4%). 75.1% (148/197) had a history of smoking, and 16.8% (33/197) had a history of allergies. 66.0% (130/197) lived in the city center, 18.3% (36/197) had a chemical factory around their place of residence, 11.2% (22/197) renovated their homes within the first six months of the disease, 15.7% (31/197) purchase new furniture, 54.3% (107/197) plant flowers and plants in their houses, 21.3% (42/197) keep pets in their houses, 79.2% (156/197) had lived in their houses for more than 2 years, 71.1% (140/197) had cockroaches in their houses, 16.2% (32/197) had mold in their houses, 83.3% (164/197) had a frequency of air conditioning cleaning exceeds 2 months per time.There were 130 patients (66.0%) with CRC and 67 patients (34.0%) with NCRC.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that living close to the main road ( OR=2.296, 95% CI: 1.350-3.904, P=0.002), living near chemical factories ( OR=3.322, 95% CI: 2.158-5.573, P<0.001), history of allergy ( OR=2.175, 95% CI: 1.165-4.058, P=0.015), purchasing new furniture within 6 months ( OR=2.828, 95% CI: 1.402-5.706, P=0.004), cotton and linen curtains ( OR=1.875, 95% CI: 1.038-3.388, P=0.037) were positively correlated with CRC; while down and wool pillowcases and quilts ( OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.033-0.602, P=0.008; OR=0.207, 95% CI: 0.067-0.640, P=0.006) and low ventilation frequency ( OR=0.281, 95% CI: 0.131-0.603, P=0.001) were negatively correlated with CRC. Conclusion:Hormone-sensitive cough patients account the most of chronic cough cases, and there are differences in the living environment exposure between CRC and NCRC patients, which provides information for corresponding interventions to prevent and manage CRC.

Objective: To investigate the epidemilogical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for the construction of "TB-free city". Methods: The data of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Management System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The onset time, region, and population distribution characteristics of the cases were described. Results: A total of 11 598 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 37.42/105. The reported incidence decreased from 47.50/105 in 2014 to 28.36/105 in 2023 (P<0.05), with an annual decline rate of 5.57%. There were 6 304 etiological positive cases, accounting for 54.35%. The peak season for pulmonary tuberculosis cases was from March to September, with the highest seasonal ratio of 112.48% in May. The average annual reported incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were relatively high (46.14/105 and 41.15/105). The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City increased with age (P<0.05), peaking at 97.36/105 in the group aged 75 to <80 years. There were 7 991 male pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 3 607 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.22∶1. The average annual incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis was higher in males than in females (50.39/105 vs. 23.87/105). Farmers were the primary occupation affected, with 6 350 cases accounting for 54.75%. Conclusions The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City decreased from 2014 to 2023, with a high incidence in spring and summer. The incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were higher than Huzhou City's average. Male, elderly residents and farmers were the key populations for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control.

Objective To assess the correlation between wall shear stress(WSS)in the internal carotid artery and neovascularization of carotid plaque using color ultrasound imaging.Methods A total of 99 patients diag-nosed with carotid atherosclerotic plaque(CAP)were prospectively selected between July 2021 and September 2023.All patients underwent comprehensive carotid imaging including color ultrasound,conventional ultrasound,and carotid contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Based on the presence or absence of intraplaque neovasculariza-tion(IPN)in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease,they were categorized into the forming group and non-forming group.Comparative analysis was performed on wall shear stress(WSS)values and clinical data between these two groups to identify factors influencing IPN formation in the carotid artery among patients with ischemic cere-brovascular disease,while also assessing the predictive value of average WSS for IPN formation.Results Among 99 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease,carotid artery IPN was observed in 23 cases,while the remaining 76 cases did not exhibit carotid artery IPN.The formation group demonstrated significantly higher levels of white blood cell count,plaque thickness,plaque length,stenosis≥70%ratio,C-reactive protein,and matrix metallopro-teinase-9 to tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-9/TIMP-1)ratio compared to the non-formation group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that mean wall shear stress(OR=4.545;95%CI:1.998～10.339),stenosis severity(OR=2.765;95%CI:1.215～6.290),C-reactive protein levels(OR=3.047;95%CI:1.339～6.930),and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio(OR=3.543;95%CI:1.558～8.060)were significant influencing factors for carotid artery IPN formation in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease(P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)for average WSS in predicting carotid artery intraplaque neovascularization formation in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease was 0.797(P<0.05).At an average WSS of 10.23 dyne/cm2,the maximum specificity and sensitivity were deter-mined to be 85.53%and 78.26%,respectively.Conclusion The mean WSS of internal carotid artery has a good value in predicting the formation of carotid IPN in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been efficiently used for decades. However, hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV is still prevalent globally. We previously reported that interferon (IFN)-induced tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) inhibited HBV replication by increasing the IFN expression, and this study aimed to further clarify the anti-HBV mechanism of TRIM25. METHODS: The TRIM25-mediated degradation of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein was determined by detecting the expression of HBx in TRIM25-overexpressed or knocked-out HepG2 or HepG2-NTCP cells via Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the interaction between TRIM25 and HBx, and colocalization of TRIM25 and HBx was identified via immunofluorescence; HBV e-antigen and HBV surface antigen were qualified by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Kehua Biotech. TRIM25 mRNA, pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), and HBV DNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and pgRNA interaction was verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS: We found that TRIM25 promoted HBx degradation, and confirmed that TRIM25 could enhance the K90-site ubiquitination of HBx as well as promote HBx degradation by the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, apart from the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, the SPRY domain of TRIM25 was also indispensable for HBx degradation. In addition, we found that the expression of TRIM25 increased the recognition of HBV pgRNA by interacting with RIG-I, which further increased the IFN production, and SPRY, but not the RING domain is critical in this process. CONCLUSIONS The study found that TRIM25 interacted with HBx and promoted HBx-K90-site ubiquitination, which led to HBx degradation. On the other hand, TRIM25 may function as an adaptor, which enhanced the recognition of pgRNA by RIG-I, thereby further promoting IFN production. Our study can contribute to a better understanding of host-virus interaction.
Humans ; Hepatitis B virus ; DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism* ; RNA ; Liver Neoplasms ; Virus Replication ; Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics* ; Transcription Factors ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics*

Objective: To explore the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms, childhood psychological trauma and maternal illness during pregnancy, so as to provide scientific busis for the development of adolescent mental health. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 2 092 primary and secondary school students in Wuhan City from January to July 2022. Questionnaires were administered to investigate adolescent depressive symptoms, childhood psychological trauma, and maternal illness during pregnancy. The influencing factors of adolescent depression were analyzed. Results: A total of 139 adolescents reported depressive symptoms. The childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) score of the depression group was (57.49± 6.85 ), and the score in adolescents without depression group was (46.28±5.96)( t =21.14, P <0.05). Among the maternal diseases during pregnancy, hypertension accounted for 11.51% , diabetes 9.35%, cholestasis 7.19%, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism 7.91% , anemia 9.35% and viral hepatitis 3.60% in depression group, 5.79%, 4.71%, 3.64%, 3.07%, 4.30%, 1.18% in the group without depression, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=7.35, 5.87, 4.42, 9.28, 7.49, 5.75, P <0.05). The proportion of academic stress in the depressed group and non-depressed group were 61.15% and 46.34%, respectively, and was statistically significant ( χ 2=16.04, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational hypertension ( OR=5.04, 95%CI =2.07-12.24), diabetes mellitus ( OR=4.49, 95%CI =1.85-10.91), anemia ( OR=3.68, 95%CI =1.51-8.94), high academic stress ( OR=3.52, 95%CI =1.45-8.56) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( OR=4.63, 95%CI = 1.91 -11.26) were the risk factors of depression in adolescents ( P <0.05). Conclusion Adolescent depression may be due to high academic stress, childhood psychological trauma, maternal hypertension, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction and anemia in pregnancy. It is suggested that relevant departments provide appropriate measures to reduce the risk of adolescent depression.

Objective:To explore the effect of positive psychological group training in epilepsy patients.Methods:From January to December 2020, a total of 60 epilepsy patients in Department of Neurology in Shandong Daizhuang Hospital were selected as the research objects using the convenience sampling method, and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table, with 30 cases each. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received positive psychological group training on the basis of the control group, lasting for 8 weeks. The scores of Self-Esteem Scale, the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale, Shame Scale and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the behavioral shame and body shame scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). After intervention, the scores of Self-Esteem Scale, the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Positive psychological group training can improve epilepsy patients' inferiority, self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduce sense of shame, which is worthy of clinical application.

Women with gestational hyperglycemia tend to encounter breastfeeding difficulties, which may lead to breastfeeding failure or short duration of breastfeeding. Antenatal breastmilk expression, stimulating or massaging the breasts during pregnancy to produce milk and to collect and store colostrum, is beneficial to lactogenesis, thereby reducing formula feeding, promoting the transition to exclusive breastfeeding and increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate. This review summarizes the safety and feasibility of antenatal breastmilk expression for women with gestational hyperglycemia, aiming to provide breastfeeding guidance for this population.

Objective:To explore the application effect of global trigger tool (GTT) in detecting adverse events in ICU patients.Methods:According to contents of triggers in the GTT white paper, combined with the scope of domestic adverse event reporting and some ICU indexes, 16 triggers were established. A total of 1 683 medical records were collected from ICU of the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng in Shandong Province from July 2018 to June 2019. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 421 medical records of discharged patients were randomly selected according to the number of sampling intervals and 420 medical records were reviewed after eliminating repeated medical records. GTT method was used for retrospective analysis.Results:Of the 420 medical records actually used for review, 14 of the 16 triggers were positive, and the positive frequency of triggers was 128 cases, involving 62 patients. Adverse events were identified 51 times, involving 43 patients, with a detection rate of 10.24% (43/420) . Among the 51 cases of adverse events, 37 cases (72.55%) were Grade E, 13 cases (25.49%) were Grade F, and 1 case (1.96%) was Grade H. No Grade G or I was found. In the same year, 18 cases of adverse events were reported voluntarily in ICU, the reporting rate was 1.07% (18/1 683) .Conclusions:GTT can be effectively applied to the detection of adverse events in ICU patients, and a properly designed trigger can improve the detection rate.

Objective: To investigate the expression and role of LINC00052 during glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) -induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells. Methods: Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were divided into GMA transformation group and corresponding DMSO control group, and the 10th, 20th and 30th generation cells of each group were collected LncRNA microarrays were used to analysis expression of LINC00052 in different stage of malignant transformation. Bioinformatics analysis was applied and the relative expression of LINC00052 and its potentially target genes was detected by real-time quantification PCR (qPCR) . Results: The results of microarray analysis showed that LINC00052 was up-regulated by 1.32-fold, down-regulated by 1.64-fold and down-regulated by 4.92-fold in the malignant transformation early (P10) , middle term (P20) and late (P30) , respectively, The results of qPCR showed that compared with the DMSO control group, the expression of LINC00052 was up-regulated by 1.55 times, down-regulated by 1.20 times and down-regulated by 2.35 times in P10, P20 and P30, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . There was a statistically significant difference in the relative expression of NTRK3 between the GMA transformation group of P10 and P30 generations with the corresponding DMSO control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion LINC00052 is highly expressed in early time of GMA-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE, and down-regulated in the middle and last stage of malignant transformation and may play a protective role in GMA-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE by influencing the expression of its target gene NTRK3.