Objective To optimize the dry granulation technology of Five-Juice Decoction granules.Methods The granule yield was used as the evaluation index to optimize the dry granulation process parameters of Five-Juice Decoction granules by Box-Behnken design-response surface design test.The granule yield,repose angle,dissolve time,humidity absorption rate and particle roundness were used as evaluation indexes,and three batches of validation tests were conducted to compare the difference between the dry granules optimized in this study and the wet extruded granules optimized in previous studies.Results The optimal technological parameters for dry granulation of Five-Juice Decoction granules were as follows:the pressure of the hydraulic system was 3.5 Mpa,the wheel speed was 5.4 r/min,the feeding speed was 7.2 r/min,and the granulation speed was 80 r/min.The technological parameters of wet granulation were as follows:the soft material was made from 90%ethanol,extruded through a 10-mesh sieve for granulation,and dried under reduced pressure at 50 °C to a moisture content of<5%.The granule yield and humidity absorption rate of dry granulation were better than those of wet extruded granules.Conclusion Dry granulation process is better than wet extrusion process of Five-Juice Decoction granules.The optimized dry granulation process is stable and feasible,which can provide a reference for industrial production.

The structure and size of the chloroplast genome of Castanopsis hystrix was determined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform to understand the difference between C. hystrix and the chloroplast genome of the same genus, and the evolutionary position of C. hystrix in the genus, so as to facilitate species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource conservation of the genus. Bioinformatics analysis was used to perform sequence assembly, annotation and characteristic analysis. R, Python, MISA, CodonW and MEGA 6 bioinformatics software were used to analyze the genome structure and number, codon bias, sequence repeats, simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and phylogeny. The genome size of C. hystrix chloroplast was 153 754 bp, showing tetrad structure. A total of 130 genes were identified, including 85 coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. According to codon bias analysis, the average number of effective codons was 55.5, indicating that the codons were highly random and low in bias. Forty-five repeats and 111 SSR loci were detected by SSR and long repeat fragment analysis. Compared with the related species, chloroplast genome sequences were highly conserved, especially the protein coding sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. hystrix is closely related to the Hainanese cone. In summary, we obtained the basic information and phylogenetic position of the chloroplast genome of red cone, which will provide a preliminary basis for species identification, genetic diversity of natural populations and functional genomics research of C. hystrix.
Phylogeny ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Codon/genetics* ; Genomics ; Chloroplasts/genetics*

Long chain non coding RNA (LncRNA) is widely involved in various biological processes such as intracellular chromatin modification, transcriptional regulation, nuclear transport, and protein function regulation, and is closely related to various key physiological functions such as immunity and metabolism in the body. NEAT1 (nuclear parapackle assembly transcript 1) is a newly discovered LncRNA, which is an important component of the nuclear substructural paraplaques. It has been proven to regulate downstream protein expression by binding to various miRNAs, thereby regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, epithelial mesenchymal transition, autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and other biological processes, Its abnormal expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer, and is closely related to the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and the sensitivity of anti-tumor drugs. It is expected to become a new biological marker and therapeutic intervention target. This article mainly reviews the latest research progress on the role of NEAT1 in lung diseases.

ObjectiveTo analyze factors related to the suspected allergic reaction of elememe emulsion injection based on hospital information system. MethodData on cases that used elememe emulsion injection were collected from the information systems of 60 first-class hospitals nationwide. The nested case-control design method was adopted. Finally， 30 cases were included in the suspected allergy group and 120 cases in the control group. SAS 9.3 was employed for descriptive analysis of the gender， age， occupation， admission route， conditions of patients at the admission， and the diagnosis with frequency and percentage. The factors affecting the occurrence of suspected allergic reaction were analyzed by conventional logistic regression and propensity score weighted logistic regression. In the case that the number of independent variables was larger than the sample number， MCP （minimax concave penalty） was used to screen the key variables and the conditions of patients at admission， conditions of patients during hospitalization， hospital stay， diagnostic information， and medication information were compared between two groups. ResultThe male-to-female ratio was about 2∶1 in both groups and most of the patients were 46-65 years old. Patients in the control group were mainly "professional and technical personnel"， and the majority in the suspected allergy group were "business and service personnel" and "clerks and related personnel". They were mainly admitted at the outpatient and conditions of patients were average at the admission. Compared with the control group， suspected allergy group showed severe conditions during the hospitalization， short average hospital stay， large proportion with intravenous infusion， and low cure rate and effective rate. The results of logistic regression analysis showed no statistical difference in conditions of patients at admission， hospital stay， combined diseases， medicine dosage， and treatment course. ConclusionThe suspected allergic reaction of elememe emulsion injection mainly occurs in the first administration with rapid onset even with the dose lower than the commonly used one. The occurrence is related to the intravenous infusion and the severe conditions of patients during hospitalization and has nothing to do with the conditions of patients at admission， hospital stay， treatment course， use of other medicines， and diagnostic information. In summary， it is mainly related to the constitution and immune status of patients.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with epididymitis after transurethral resection of prostate.Methods A retrospective analysis of 352 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of prostate in X'an Aerospace General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed.There were 14 cases of epididymitis and 338 cases of nonepididymitis.Measurement data were expressed as ((x) ± s),t test was used for comparison between groups;count data was expressed by rate (％),and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for factors that may lead to post-urethral epididymitis.Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative leukocytic positive,urine glucose positive and prostate volume had significant effects on postoperative epididymitis (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prostate volume increased (OR =0.182,P =0.005)was an independent risk factor for postoperative epididymitis.Conclusion The enlargement of prostate volume is an independent risk factor for postoperative epididymitis.For large-volume prostate surgery,the purpose of relieving obstruction can be achieved.

Objective To assess the effect of psychological group on improving the learning attitude of interns in the pediatric clinical practice.Methods This study included 67 medical students who enrolled during 2012 to 2013 and had done the clinical pediatrics in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.The students carried out pediatric clinical practice as requested.Based on the practice of pediatric practice,the psychological group counseling was conducted by voluntary participation.Each psychological group consisted of 5 or 6 students and performed once a week.Each time of psychological group lasted for 1.5 hours and 6 times in total.The students were divided into intervention group and non-intervention group according to whether they participated in psychological group.Each student filled in the Pediatric Clinical Internship Attitude Assessment Form and the College Student Personality Questionnaire at the first week and the last week of pediatric clinical practice.SPSS 17.0 was applied to conduct Chi square test and t test.Results There were 33 students in the intervention group and 40 students in the non-intervention group.The effective rate of questionnaires for intervention group and non-intervention group were 100％ and 85％,respectively.The mental state of pediatric interns between two groups was not different before and after the pediatric clinical practice (P＞0.05).Before pediatric clinical practice,the learning attitude score between two groups was not different [(83.82 ± 8.39) vs.(84.39 ± 8.29),t=-0.28,P=0.781].After pediatric clinical practice,the learning attitude score of pediatric interns who used psychological group teaching model was better than that of pediatric interns who used traditional teaching model [(88.91 ± 7.40) vs.(75.03 ± 11.19),t=-5.969,P=0.000].Conclusion Psychological group can help medical students to develop empathy toward sick children and their parents,and then improve their learning attitude in pediatric practice.The results of this study can provide a preliminary basis for the popularization of psychological group in the whole process of medical internship.

Objective: To explore the optimal extraction process by a blitzkrieg extractor and the adsorption separation by macro-porous resin for chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides. Methods: The transfer rate of chlorogenic acid was used as the main as-sessment index, the response surface test was adopted to optimize the main influencing factors in the extraction process by a blitzkrieg extractor for chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides. The transfer rate and the product purity of chlorogenic acid were used as the main assessment indices, the water extract solution of Lonicera macranthoides was used as the raw material, single factor test was adopt-ed to optimize the main influencing factors in the adsorption separation process by a macroporous resin for chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides. Results: The optimum conditions of the extraction process by a blitzkrieg extractor and the adsorption separation by a macroporous resin for chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides were as follows: the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 23, the extraction time was 4. 7 min, the rotating speed was 6 000 r·min-1, the type of macroporous resin was ADS-7, the amount ratio of medicinal materi-als to macroporous resin was 1: 5, the flow rate of sample solution was 1 BV·h-1, the macroporous resin column was eluted by 1 BV water at the speed of 1 BV·h-1followed by 6 BV 20% ethanol solution at the speed of 2 BV·h-1, and the eluent of 20% ethanol so-lution was collected. The average transfer rate of chlorogenic acid was 90. 12% (RSD=1. 33% ) with the purity of 50. 30% (RSD=2. 19% ). Conclusion: A new route of the extraction process by a blitzkrieg extractor and the adsorption separation by a macroporous resin for chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides has established through the optimization and verification experiments. The process with high transfer rate of chlorogenic acid (the purity of chlorogenic acid product was over 50% ) is fast, and the solvent is healthy and easy to recycle.

Objective: To evaluate diagnostic value of three noninvasive examinations for coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:A total of 500 subjects, who were suspected of CHD, first received diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and hospitalized in our department from May 2014 to May 2015, were selected.According to CAG results, they were divided into non-CHD control group (n=106), single vessel coronary disease group (n=199), double-vessel coronary disease group (n=95) and multi-vessel coronary disease group (n=100, ≥three vessel disease).Besides CAG, all subjects accomplished one of following examinations at least: (1) 24h dynamic ECG (Holter);(2) real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE);(3) radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (RMPI).Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these three examinations in diagnosing CHD were evaluated.Results: With CAG as the gold standard, compared with Holter and RT-3DE, there were significant rise in sensitivity(68.4%, 69.0% vs.92.9%), specificity (62.9%, 81.4% vs.88.5%) and accuracy (67.1%, 71.2% vs.91.9%) of RMPI (P<0.01 all), only specificity of RT-3DE was significantly higher than that of Holter, P=0.019.Conclusion:Noninvasive examination can be used as important method diagnosing CHD, which are important measures for noninvasive diagnosing and assessing CHD.Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of RMPI are high, which is worth extending.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,methods of treatment and prognosis of primary neurogenic tumors of mediastinum in patients taking surgical intervention.Methods A database was maintained retrospectively of all patients undergoing surgery for tumor and pathologically diagnosed with primary neurogenic tumors of mediastinum,managed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai between Jan.,2008 and Dec.,2014.This work analyzed retrospectively the information about clinical and imaging features,surgical techniques and outcome extracted from medical records.Results Among the 131 cases,78 cases (59.5％) were males,53 cases (40.5％) were females;72 cases were diagnosed incidentally (55.0％),while the other 59 cases (45.0 ％) suffered from different symptoms.The posterior mediastinum was the most principal location with 61 cases in the left and 69 cases in the right,and 1 case remained in the anterior mediastinum.Total 98 cases (74.8％) underwent surgeries via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS),5 cases (3.8％) took VATS surgery with small incision,and 28 cases (21.4％) experienced open thoracotomy,with no mortality during perioperative period.Gross total resection was obtained in 130 patients (99.2％).The remaining patient underwent a palliative resection for malignant schwannomas.Of the patients,98 cases had benign schwannomas (74.8％),24 cases had gangliocytomas (18.3％),2 cases had malignant schwannomas (1.5％),2 cases had neurofibromas (1.5％),2 cases had paragangliomas (1.5％),2 cases hadprimitive neurotodermal tumor (PNET) (1.5％) and 1 case had neuroblastomas (0.8％).All patients were followed up from 12 to 95 months with an average of 53 months.A patient with PNET died of tumor metastasis,a patient with malignant schwannomas died after palliative ectomy,and 2 cases died of other reasons.The rest survived until Jan.,2016 with tumor free.Conclusions Nearly no specific clinical symptoms occur in neurogenic tumors of mediastinum.Most of neurogenic tumors of mediastinum are benign with optimistic prognosis after surgical treatment.While malignant neurogenic tumorsusually come with poor prognosis,which places special emphasis on early diagnose together with surgical treatment.

Objective To explore changes of blood anterior pituitary hormone and its related factors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods 113 patients diagnosed as severe TBI and met criterions were collected from Jun.2010 to Aug.2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Clinical data such as age,gender,site of injury,epidural hematoma,subdural hematoma,basicranial fracture,injury time,Glasgow coma scale (GCS),middle line migration,diffuse axonal injury,brain hernia,traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage were collected and recorded.Univariatex2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore risk factors for changes of blood anterior pituitary hormone.Results Abnormal secretion of the anterior pituitary occurred in 48 patients.10 cases had one kind of abnormal hormone secretion,while 38 cases had 2 and more than 2 kinds of abnormal hormone secretion.GH level decreased in 20 cases,TSH level decreased in 18 cases,FSH level decreased in 12 cases,PRL level increased in 10 cases,ACTH level decreased in 9 cases,and LH level decreased in 8 cases.Univariate x2 test revealed that basicranial fracture (P=0.006),middle line migration (P=0.007),GCS score (P=0.004),diffuse axonal injury (P=0.001),cerebral hernia (P=0.001),traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (P=0.001) were factors related to abnormal pituitary hormone levels.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that basicranial fracture (P=0.019),middle line migration (P=0.015),GCS score (P=0.024),diffuse axonal injury (P=0.008),cerebral hernia (P=0.001),traumatic subarachnoid (P=0.010) were factors related to abnormal pituitary hormone levels.Conclusions The rates of abnormal pituitary hormone level were higher in patients with severe TBI.The basicranial fracture,middle line migration,GCS score,diffuse axonal injury,cerebral hernia,traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage are factors related to abnormal pituitary hormone levels.