Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

Objective: : Baculovirus inhibitory of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is critically implicated in various types of tumors. However, the specific mechanisms by which it operates in glioma are yet to be fully understood. Methods: : The data sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were merged and analyzed using the R software to investigate the relationship between BIRC5 expression and prognosis and diagnosis outcomes. This exploration was conducted utilizing various biological information repositories. The correlation between BIRC5 and immunity was obtained based on TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results: : Gliomas displayed a markedly elevated level of BIRC5 expression compared to adjacent tissues. Patients with glioma who exhibit elevated levels of BIRC5 experience poorer prognoses and shorter survival times. Subgroup classification further revealed that heightened expression of BIRC5 led to diminished overall survival. Analysis of logistic regression and COX indicated that expression of BIRC5 serves as a risk factor in glioma development. Functional enrichment pathways showed that the 72 hub genes related to BIRC5 were mainly closely related to nuclear division, spindle, tubulin binding, and cell cycle in glioma patients. BBIRC5 methylation suggested that BIRC5 might influence the immune response regulation and the tumor microenvironment within gliomas. BIRC5 is associated with many chemicals. Additionally, studies conducted using cell experiments and pathological sections have consistently shown that BIRC5 expression is higher in tumor cells compared to normal cells and tissues. Conclusion : BIRC5 holds promise as a valuable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of gliomas.

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary school students in a community of Fengxian District, Shanghai, and to provide references for formulating prevention and control strategies against overweight and obesity. MethodsData on height and weight of all primary school students in a community in Fengxian District, Shanghai, in 2023 were obtained by physical examination, and 1 759 primary school students were included according to the entry criteria. Overweight and obesity were determined using body mass index (BMI). Additionally, a questionnaire survey was performed to 1 045 students to collect their demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, dietary habits, sleep and physical activity information. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. ResultsIn 2023, among the 1 759 primary school students in the community in Fengxian District, 923 (52.47%) were male and 836 (47.53%) were female, with an overweight/obesity detection rate of 28.08%. The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 33.37% in males and 22.25% in females, which was significantly higher in males than that in females (χ²=26.845, P<0.001). Students aged 10‒12 years had a higher overweight/obesity detection rate (32.55%) than those aged 6‒<10 years (26.53%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=10.925, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being female, with young age, parental education level of bachelor’s degree and above, a high global dietary recommendation healthy (GDR-healthy) score, preference for vegetables and sweeter home-cooked meals, and a slow eating speed were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity. Whereas, parental overweight and obesity, binge eating, and a faster eating pace than same-age, same-gender peers may be positively correlated with overweight/obesity. ConclusionThe detection rate of overweight and obesity among primary school students in the community in Fengxian District of Shanghai is higher than the national level. Gender, age, parental BMI, parental education level, dietary behaviors and habits are the main influencing factors of overweight/obesity among primary school students.

AIM: To investigate the effect of unilateral endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on binocular surface indexes.METHODS: Totally 45 cases with monocular primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction(PANDO)who successfully underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy between 1 December 2022 and 31 July 2023 were enrolled in the study. Ocular surface indexes, including the non-invasive tear break-up time(NIBUT), Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance ocular staining score(SICCA OSS), Korb score of lid wiper and Schirmer test scores, were collected preoperatively and at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively. Subsequently, various indexes were compared at each time point between the operated and healthy eyes pre- and post-operatively.RESULTS: There was no significant differences between operated and healthy eyes in NIBUT, SICCA OSS, Korb scores and Schirmer test(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the Korb scores of operated eye at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively were significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.034, 0.044, 0.027). Moreover, the Schirmer test score of the operated eye at 1 mo post-operatively was significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.0461).CONCLUSION:After a successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, tear drainage is restored, however, ocular surface damage worsens. These changes typically peak at 1 mo post-operatively before gradually improving.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) injury, organelle stress response and autophagic cell death (autophagy) and ferroptosis induced by the chemical hypoxia inducer cobalt chloride (CoCl2) through the bioinformatics analysis and in vitro cell experimentation. METHODS: The dataset GSE119226 of VSMC treated with cobalt chloride was acquired from the gene expression database (GEO). The R language was used to investigate the relationship between CoCl2 treatment and organelle stress response (Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress) and two forms of cell death (ferroptosis and autophagic cell death). With primary cultured rat VSMC (rVSMC) and CoCl2-induced anoxia model, the changes in cell viability were detected by CCK-8 method, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using DCFH-DA method. The expression levels of HIF-1α (a key molecule in hypoxia), Golgi stress markers GM130 and p115, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, autophagy markers LC3-II / LC3-I and Beclin1, and ferroptosis markers GPx4 and xCT were detected by Western blot. The effect of inducing or inhibiting organelle stress and cell death on the CoCl2-induced cell damage was also observed. RESULTS: Differentially expressed genes analysis of GSE119226 dataset showed that CoCl2 treatment of VSMCs had significant effects on organelle function and stress response, autophagy and ferroptosis-related genes, in which endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport, autophagy / autophagic cell death, and ferroptosis pathways were remarkably enriched. The results of in vitro experiment showed that compared with normal rVSMC, cell viability was significantly decreased after CoCl2 treatment, as well as HIF-1α protein expression and ROS levels in rVSMCs were increased. In rVSMC treated with Co-Cl2, the expression levels of Golgi structural proteins GM130 and p115 (reflecting the occurrence of Golgi stress) were decreased, while the markers GRP78 and CHOP (reflecting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress) were increased. At the same time, CoCl2 treatment also reduced the expression of autophagy markers LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 (indicating the decrease levels of autophagy), while the expression of ferroptosis markers GPx4 and xCT were decreased (indicating the occurrence of ferroptosis). Compared with CoCl2 treatment group, induced Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or ferroptosis could further reduce cell viability, while inhibition of these processes could improve cell viability. On the other hand, increasing the level of autophagy can improve the cell viability. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride can lead to VSMC injury. Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and the reduction of autophagy level play an important role in it. Inhibition of organelle stress response and ferroptosis, or increase of autophagy level can improve VSMC injury caused by cobalt chloride.

Three 2,3-diketoquinoxaline alkaloids were isolated from Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep. Their structures were determined through 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR as 1-[5′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl] ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (1), 1-[2′-(3″-hydroxy-3″-methyl) glutaryl]ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (2), and 1-ribityl-2,3-diketo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel compounds, and 3 was isolated from H. yunnanensis for the first time. The hepatoprotective activity of these three compounds was evaluated, with compound 3 showing promising hepatoprotective activity.

Objective To investigate the long-term safety and effectiveness of withdrawal of hepatitis B immuneglobulin (HBIG) and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) reinfection in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B-related diseases after successful vaccination. Methods Baseline data of 76 liver transplant recipients undergoing hepatitis B immune reconstitution after receiving hepatitis B vaccines were retrospectively analyzed. The vaccination and response, the follow-up results of respondents with HBIG and/or NAs withdrawal, and the reinfection of HBV after withdrawal of HBIG and/or NAs were analyzed. Results The time interval from liver transplantation to hepatitis B vaccination was 26 (20, 40) months. The time interval from vaccination to response was 15 (8,27) months. Initially, 76 recipients withdrew HBIG, and 36 recipients withdrew HBIG and NAs. During the follow-up, 12 of 76 recipients who withdrew HBIG resumed use of HBIG, and 16 of 36 recipients who withdrew HBIG and NAs resumed use of NAs. The withdrawal time of HBIG and NAs was 135 (98,150) and 133 (34,149) months, respectively. Sixteen respondents did not receive booster, and 36 respondents received boosters on a regular basis. The time interval between the first booster and HBIG withdrawal was 44 (11,87) months. No significant differences were observed in baseline data between the respondents with and without boosters (all P>0.05). During the follow-up, 9 recipients were lost to follow-up, 5 were re-infected with HBV, 3 died, and 1 recipient developed graft loss and underwent secondary liver transplantation. Among 5 recipients re-infected with HBV, 4 cases had virus mutation. Significant differences were found between re-infected and uninfected patients regarding withdrawal of NAs and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive before transplantation (both P<0.05). Conclusions Long-term withdrawal of HBIG is feasible and safe for recipients with successful hepatitis B immune reconstitution after liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related diseases. Nevertheless, whether antiviral drugs can be simultaneously withdrawn remains to be validated.

BACKGROUND:Oxidative injury is considered to be one of the important factors of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)is a key mitochondrial antioxidant molecule,and fenofibrate can regulate the expression of SOD2 by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. OBJECTIVE:To explore whether the mechanism of fenofibrate in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury depends on the expression of SOD2. METHODS:The TALENs system was used to construct SOD2 transgenic mice.The transgenic mice were genotyped by PCR and DNA sequencing techniques.The expression of SOD2 protein in transgenic mice was detected by western blot assay.Wild-type and SOD2 transgenic mice were randomly divided into four groups:wild-type control group(n=6),wild-type fenofibrate group(n=6),SOD2 transgenic control group(n=5)and SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group(n=5).A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was prepared using the suture-occlusion method.After 90 minutes of ischemia,the thread was removed to reperfuse cerebral blood flow for 30 minutes.A cerebral blood flow monitor was used to monitor local cerebral blood flow.Brain tissue slices were taken for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to analyze the situation of cerebral infarction in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After PCR and DNA sequencing analysis,nine SOD2+/+ transgenic mice were successfully constructed.After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,the wild-type fenofibrate group showed partial recovery of cerebral blood flow and significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume compared with the wild-type control group(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction volume between the SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic control group.The SOD2 transgenic control was superior to the wild-type control group in terms of improving cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction(P<0.001).There were also no significant differences in cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction volume between the wild-type fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic control group and between the wild-type fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group.To conclude,the expression of SOD2 is one of the mechanisms of fenofibrate in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.