Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） plays a critical role in cellular responses to external stress and the maintenance of homeostasis， and its abnormal activation is closely associated with the development of various inflammatory diseases， particularly in the pathological process of UC. ERS maintains cellular homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response （UPR）. However， when ERS is prolonged or excessive， UPR fails to alleviate the stress， leading to epithelial cell death and aggravating the progression of UC. Modulating ERS may serve as a key target for the prevention and treatment of UC， and it is one of the current research hotspots. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown significant efficacy in regulating ERS， offering unique therapeutic advantages through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can alleviate ERS， inhibit apoptosis， regulate autophagy， reduce inflammatory responses， and maintain intestinal barrier function to prevent and treat UC. This review summarized the relationship between ERS and UC and discussed the intervention of TCM in regulating ERS for the treatment of UC， aiming to provide new insights and approaches for the treatment of UC with TCM.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the mucosal layer of the rectum and colon. Its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS） plays a critical role in cellular responses to external stress and the maintenance of homeostasis， and its abnormal activation is closely associated with the development of various inflammatory diseases， particularly in the pathological process of UC. ERS maintains cellular homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response （UPR）. However， when ERS is prolonged or excessive， UPR fails to alleviate the stress， leading to epithelial cell death and aggravating the progression of UC. Modulating ERS may serve as a key target for the prevention and treatment of UC， and it is one of the current research hotspots. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown significant efficacy in regulating ERS， offering unique therapeutic advantages through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can alleviate ERS， inhibit apoptosis， regulate autophagy， reduce inflammatory responses， and maintain intestinal barrier function to prevent and treat UC. This review summarized the relationship between ERS and UC and discussed the intervention of TCM in regulating ERS for the treatment of UC， aiming to provide new insights and approaches for the treatment of UC with TCM.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

As a representative chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel (DTX) has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades. However, the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy, and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis risk due to the upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression during the treatment. Herein, we conjugated CXCR4 antagonist peptide (CTCE) with DTX (termed CTCE-DTX) as an anti-metastasis agent to treat breast cancer. CTCE-DTX could self-assemble to nanoparticles, targeting CXCR4-upregulated metastatic tumor cells and enhancing the DTX efficacy. Thus, the CTCE-DTX NPs achieved promising efficacy on inhibiting both bone-specific metastasis and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Our work provided a rational strategy on designing peptide-drug conjugates with synergistic anti-tumor efficacy.

Objective To quantify operation characteristics of the ankle rotating-traction-poking manipulation (RTPM) for treating acute lateral ankle sprain by using motion capture technology, so as to provide objective references for standardized operation of RTPM and its education inheritance. Methods A professional physiotherapist performed the RTPM on 60 volunteers with acute lateral ankle sprain. Motion capture system was used to acquire effective kinematic data during the RTPM, so as to make analysis and summarize rules. Results The average time of ankle rotating for six circles was 11.36 s and the average time of ankle traction and poking was 3.42 s. The average displacement of ankle traction was 36.94 mm and the average displacement of ankle poking was 22.44 mm. The average angle of ankle traction was 23.27°, and the average angle of ankle poking was 22.76°. During the RTPM for treating acute lateral ankle sprain, the average linear velocity of ankle rotating was 58.28 mm/s, and the average linear velocity of ankle traction and poking was 23.81 mm/s. The linear acceleration of ankle rotating was 0.43 mm/s2, and the linear acceleration of ankle traction and poking was 0.54 mm/s2. Conclusions The RTPM can be applied in clinical practice. During the RTMP, the principle of gentleness, rhythmicity and continuity should be followed. Under the premise of following physiological characteristics of ankle joint, treatment of the sprained ankle should be carried out with slow and uniform speed continuously.

Selective occlusion of tumor vasculature has proven to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Among vascular coagulation agents, the extracellular domain of coagulation-inducing protein tissue factor, truncated tissue factor (tTF), is the most widely used. Since the truncated protein exhibits no coagulation activity and is rapidly cleared in the circulation, free tTF cannot be used for cancer treatment on its own but must be combined with other moieties. We here developed a novel, tumor-specific tTF delivery system through coupling tTF with the DNA aptamer, AS1411, which selectively binds to nucleolin receptors overexpressing on the surface of tumor vascular endothelial cells and is specifically cytotoxic to target cells. Systemic administration of the tTF-AS1411 conjugates into tumor-bearing animals induced intravascular thrombosis solely in tumors, thus reducing tumor blood supply and inducing tumor necrosis without apparent side effects. This conjugate represents a uniquely attractive candidate for the clinical translation of vessel occlusion agent for cancer therapy.

Objective:To evaluate the gastric emptying of orally administered enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution before surgery in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and effect on insulin resistance.Methods:One hundred patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 19-30 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=50 each) using a random number table method: water group (group C) and enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour group (group M). Routine fasting and water deprivation were executed at 1 day before operation in two groups, and 300 ml water in group C or 300 ml enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution in group M were taken orally at 2-3 h before induction on the day of surgery.Bedside antrum ultrasonography was used to calculate the gastric volume (GV) before oral administration (V 0), immediately after oral administration (V 1), and before induction (V 2), and then the ΔGV (GV 1-GV 0) was calculated.Fasting plasma glucose and insulin CONCENTRATIONS were measured on admission to hospital (T 1) and on an empty stomach on 1st morning after surgery (T 2), and then the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated according to HOMA steady-state model formula.Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for subjective comfort (thirst, hunger, fatigue and anxiety) and grip strength were assessed before anesthesia (T 3) and before leaving PACU (T 4). Reflux and aspiration during induction, nausea and vomiting within 24 h after surgery, and anal exhaust time after surgery were recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in GV at V 0, V 1 and V 2 between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the baseline at V 0, no significant was found in the GV at V 2 in both groups ( P>0.05). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly increased at T 2 than at T 1 in both groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group C, the fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased at T 2, VAS scores for hunger, fatigue and anxiety were decreased at T 3, 4, grip strength was increased at T 3, 4, the postoperative anal exhaust time was shortened, and the incidence of nausea was reduced in group M ( P<0.05). No reflux and aspiration happened during induction in either group. Conclusion:The gastric emptying of 300 ml enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution orally administered at 2 h before surgery is normal in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which does not increase the risk of reflux and aspiration during anesthesia induction, reduces postoperative insulin resistance, and increases patient′s subjective comfort, and enhances the postoperative recovery of intestinal function.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation in treatment of esophageal stenosis caused by operation of congenital esophageal atresia. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 218 children with type Ⅲ esophageal atresia, who underwent surgery in Zhengzhou Children' s Hospital from January 2009 to December 2017. The occurrence of postoperative complications and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation in treatment of esophageal stenosis was analyzed. Results Among the 218 patients with congenital esophageal atresia, 92 were type Ⅲa and 126 were type Ⅲb. Postoperative anastomotic leakage occurred in 46 cases (21. 1％), including 29 (31. 5％) of type Ⅲa and 17 (13. 5％) of type Ⅲb. Postoperative anastomotic stenosis occurred in 53 cases (24. 3％), including 29 ( 31. 5％) of type Ⅲa and 24 ( 19. 0％) of typeⅢb. The incidence of anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis in different types was significantly different (χ2=10. 383, P=0. 001; χ2=4. 497, P=0. 034). The 53 cases of anastomotic stenosis underwent 123 times of endoscopic balloon dilation, with mean time of 3. 5±1. 6, and were finally clinically recovery. No esophagus perforation occurred. Among them, 29 cases of type Ⅲa underwent 73 times with mean of 4. 0±1. 8, and 24 cases of type Ⅲb underwent 50 times with mean of 2. 5±0. 7. The difference between the two types was statistically significant (t=-4. 053, P=0. 027). Conclusion Children with type Ⅲa esophageal atresia has a higher incidence of anastomotic stenosis and leakage, and more times of esophageal dilation. Endoscopic balloon dilation is safe and effective in treatment of esophageal stenosis after surgery for patients with congenital esophageal atresia.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of the treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids with MR guided focused ultrasound surgery(MRgFUS)in China. Methods Twenty five selected patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent MRgFUS treatment in our perspective clinical study. Immediately after treatment the patients accepted pelvic enhanced MRI scans, and recorded the non-perfused volume(NPV)and calculated the non-perfused volume ratio(NPV%). We recorded the symptom severity score(SSS) and standard SSS change(ΔSSS)of the patients before, during and 1 week after treatment together with 1, 3, 6, 12 months and several years follow-up. The patients accepted pelvic enhanced MRI scans in the follow-up of 12 months after treatment,and recorded the volume and the volume change(ΔV) of fibroids. We observed the adverse reactions during the treatment and the follow-ups. Wilcoxon test or t test and Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Totally 31 fibroids of 25 patients were completed the treatment. Twenty two patients completed the 12 months follow-up and 15 patients completed the long-term follow-up which was during 34 to 66 months, median follow-up duration was(55 ± 11)months. The NPV was 4.5 to 295.0 cm3, median was 37.0 cm3. The NPV%was 6%to 94%, average was(64 ± 23)%. According to our follow up, the standard SSS continued to decline. Compared with screening standard SSS, all the follow-up standard SSS had significant difference(P<0.05), except for that of the first week. Among all the follow up, only the standard SSS change of 1 week after the treatment had a correlation with NPV%(r=0.552,P=0.005), and the others had no significant correlation with NPV%(P>0.05). The uterine fibroids volume decreased in the 12 months follow-up, which had a significant difference with the volume before treatment(P<0.05). And there was also correlation between the fibroids volume change and NPV(r=0.587,P=0.017). There was no correlation between the volume or volume change and standard SSS or standard SSS change(all P>0.05). None serious adverse effects occurred in all cases. Conclusion MRgFUS is a safe and effective way to treat uterine fibroids.