BACKGROUND:The elastic modulus of traditional bone implants is large and does not match the elastic modulus of human bone,which will cause a stress shielding effect and lead to bone resorption.The trabecular scaffold of the triply periodic minimal surface with radial gradient has elastic modulus matching with human cancellous bone,and its yield strength is greater than that of human cortical bone,which provides a new choice for the design of bone scaffold. OBJECTIVE:Triply periodic minimal surface structure with radial gradient was constructed by the implicit surface method.The sample was manufactured by laser selective melting technology,and the quasi-static compression test was carried out to obtain trabecular scaffolds with mechanical properties matching human bones. METHODS:Four types of the trabecular scaffolds of the triply periodic minimal surface with a radial gradient of G,I,P and D were established by the implicit surface method.Samples were manufactured by laser selective melting technology.We observed the surface morphology of the molded sample,evaluated the molding quality,conducted a quasi-static compression test,and evaluated the mechanical properties of the samples. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The quasi-static compression test results showed that compared with the four triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds,the platform stress of the G scaffold had less fluctuation and no failure or fracture,indicating that the G scaffold had the best plasticity.The mechanical properties of the G scaffolds with 45%,55%and 65%porosities were analyzed.It was found that the elastic modulus of G scaffolds with 55%porosity was within the range of elastic modulus of human cancellous bone(0.022-3.7 GPa),and the yield strength was close to the maximum yield strength of human cortical bone(187.7-222.3 MPa).In conclusion,G triply periodic minimal surface scaffold with 55%porosity can reduce the stress shielding effect,bear a higher body load,improve the stability of the implant,and prolong the service life of the implant.

Objective:Study on the correlation between the active components of Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma screened by high-throughput sequencing and the regulation of lncRNA-mRNA in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were cultured, and the IC 50 dose of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA was confirmed according to the cell proliferation experiment. A549 cells were randomly divided into blank control group, cryptotanshinone group, and tanshinone IIA group using a random number table method. After 24 hours of intervention, the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. High-throughput sequencing technique was used to detect the expressions of lncRNA and mRNA in A549 cells in intervention group and non-intervention group. By analyzing the expression profiles of differential genes related to cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA, the obtained differential genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Results:The cell cycle results showed that the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells in cryptotanshinone and Tanshinone ⅡA was increased ( P<0.01), the proportion of S phase cells was decreased ( P<0.01), and the proportion of G2/M phase cells in cryptotanshinone was decreased ( P<0.01). The results of high-throughput screening showed that cryptotanshinone could up-regulate 4 698 lncRNA, down-regulate 1 557 lncRNA, up-regulate 4 810 mRNA and down-regulate 5 644 mRNA. Tanshinone ⅡA could up-regulate 1 348 lncRNA, down-regulate 1 299 lncRNA, up-regulate 4646 mRNA and down-regulate 4 741 mRNA. The function and pathway enrichment analysis of differential lncRNA and mRNA showed that the differentially expressed genes of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA were mainly related to cell cycle, autophagy, AMPK signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway and EGFR signaling pathway. GAS5 may be one of the targets for the inhibitory effects of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA. Conclusion:Cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA have certain inhibitory effects on A549 cells, and there are differentially expressed genes of lncRNA-mRNA, which are closely related to cell cycle and signal pathway.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of studies on the use of virtual reality(VR)in cancer-related cognitive impairment(CRCI),and to generalize and summarize the current state of the art of VR use in CRCI.Methods The computerized retrieval of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,WanFang Data,CNKI and VIP databases was carried out.Studies were collected from the database establishment to July 2023.3 researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies.Results A total of 9 studies were included.VR was used for CRCI assessment and intervention.The assessment included visual and auditory memory,executive function and verbal fluency.The intervention content involved common cognitive impairment dimensions of CRCI,including memory,executive ability,attention,information processing speed and language fluency.The intervention frequency ranged from 3 to 5 times/week,15 to 60 min/time,and the duration was 2 to 8 weeks.The intervention frequency and intensity were dynamically adjusted based on the patient performance,game type and complexity.VR has shown good validity and benefits in CRCI assessments and interventions,while improving patients'sleep quality and ability to perform daily living,with higher patient acceptance and no VR related adverse events being reported,but its role in improving mental health remains controversial.Conclusion VR shows good validity and benefits in CRCI assessment and intervention,and has good safety and high acceptance.In the future,it is still necessary to conduct large-sample,randomized controlled studies,attach importance to the role of patient needs in the formulation of VR cognitive intervention programs,and increase CRCI-related objective indicators to further verify the effect of VR intervention on CRCI.At the same time,longitudinal evaluation and follow-up programs may be considered to determine progressive changes in CRCI from VR interventions.

Objective Motortherapy and neck muscle resistance training are used to study the effects of resistance training on neck pain level and surface myoelectric activity of student pilots of carrier aircraft.Methods We conducted an intervention experiment on the neck pain of the carrier-based aircraft student pilots.The experiment period was 3 months.The experimental subjects were male carrier-based aircraft student pilots aged from 23 to 35.Questionnaires,including the Cervical Dysfunction Index and the Chinese Physical Activity Questionnaire,were issued,followed by cervical muscle function tests,including cervical maximum muscle strength,cervical range of motion,and surface electromyography tests.The experimental subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the resistance training group,with 8 in each.The subjects in the control group recieved usual military training.Those in the resistance training group recieved targeted training programs developed by using the self-developed cervical spondylosis prevention training device in addition to usual military training.The programs were carried out for resistance training three times a week for 20 minutes in each.Cervical maximum muscle strength,cervical range of motion,and surface electromyography were tested again before the end of the intervention experiment.The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0.The results were expressed by mean±standard deviation((-x)±s).P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results(1)After 12-week intervention,resistance training had a significant effect on visual pain analog scale(VAS).(2)After the intervention,the comparison results of the subjects'cervical spine dysfunction index(NDI)before and after their own tests showed that the level of cervical spine dysfunction was significantly improved.(3)After the intervention,the results of inter-group comparison of the subjects'own joint motion showed that the self-variation difference of the subjects in the resistance training group was significantly different in forward flexion,backward extension,left flexion,right flexion,right rotation and left rotation.(4)After the intervention,the comparison results between the two groups of subjects'own neck muscle strength showed that there was no significant difference in the self-change of the six movements of subjects in the resistance training group.(5)The root mean square(RMS)values in the four movement tests of flexion,extension,flexion and flexion before and after the intervention in the resistance training group showed no significant difference between the left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right and right trapezius muscle.(6)The integrated electromyography(iEMG)in the four movement tests of flexion,extension,flexion and flexion before and after the intervention in the resistance training group showed no significant difference between the left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right and right trapezius muscle superior bundle.Conclusion After 12 weeks of resistance training,VAS scores and NDI scores of resistance training subjects are significantly reduced,indicating that resistance training can alleviate neck pain and improve cervical spine dysfunction.12-week resistance training can enhance the strength of neck muscles of carrier-based aircraft student pilots and improve the anti-fatigue ability of neck muscles.Meanwhile,it can enhance the range of motion of neck joints,improve the load of the deep and shallow muscle fibers of the four tested muscles in the neck and optimize the activation mode of the deep and shallow muscles in the neck.

Objective:To explore the outcome of sponge forceps assisted threading with Speedbridge technique for the treatment of acute closed Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted on 20 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon rupture treated in Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021. There were 18 males and 2 females, with age range of 24-43 years [(29.5±7.6)years]. All patients were with unilateral injury, involving the left side in 13 patients and right side in 7. Examinations revealed a palpable defect in the Achilles tendon and positive Thompson test. A longitudinal incision was made at the medial edge of the ruptured tendon. Three nonabsorbable sutures were passed through the proximal stump with sponge forceps, bypassed the rupture site and fixed directly into the calcaneal bone. The disrupted tendon ends were aligned by the tendon-bundle technique using 4-0 absorbable sutures. The operation time and incision length were documented. The ankle joint range of motion (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) in the affected and healthy side were compared at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The wound healing and complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-16 months [(13.2±2.5)months]. The operation time was 40-66 minutes [(52.0±10.3)minutes], with the incision length of 3-4 cm [(3.3±0.7)cm]. In the affected side at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the ankle joint dorsiflexion [(5.6±1.5)°, (10.5±0.2)°] and plantar flexion [(28.4±3.2)°, (33.5±1.5)°] showed statistically significant difference compared with the healthy side (all P<0.05). The ankle joint dorsiflexion [(13.9±0.7)°] and plantar flexion [(38.3±4.4)°] in the affected side were not statistically different from that of the healthy side at 12 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was (58.3±5.4)points, (84.9±7.1)points and (91.8±6.3)points at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, showing a gradual rise (all P<0.05). The ATRS was (60.5±4.9)points, (85.5±9.0)points and (93.1±5.7)points at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, showing a gradual rise (all P<0.05). All incisions were healed primarily. No patients had wound infection, nerve injury or re-rupture. Pain at the anchor insertion site occurred in 2 patients at 1 month after operation and relieved after active functional rehabilitation at 4 months after operation. Transient pain at the Achilles tendon insertion occurred in 1 patient at 6 months after operation, and relieved after 2 weeks of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treatment. Conclusion:For acute closed Achilles tendon rupture, sponge forceps assisted threading with Speedbridge technique can attain short operation time, small incision and good functional recovery, with few complications.

Abstract: Objective To observe the phenotypic characteristics of 3 wild-type plague phages under different experimental environments, providing scientific evidence for the identification of phage biological characteristics and the study of their interaction with host bacteria in the future. Methods The sensitivity of 3 wild-type plague phages were detected by using liquid culture method, emisolid medium method and micro-liquid culture method based on OmniLog TM microbial identification system. Results The growth result based on LB liquid medium showed that the growth of plague phage 476 for 20-24 hours at both 28 ℃ and 37 ℃was better than that of plague phages 087 and 072204 at 37 ℃, and the growth of plague phages 087 was better than that of plague phages 072204 at 37 ℃. With the attenuated plague bacterium EV76 as the host bacterium, phage 476 was able to form visible plaque on double-layer agar medium for 20-20 hours at both 28 ℃ and 37 ℃, phages 087 and 072204 were only able to form opaque plaque on double-layer agar medium for 20-24 hours at 37 ℃. The growth results based on OmniLogTM system showed that when plague phage was lysed in EV76 strain at 33 ℃, the first row appeared as a straight line with a peak of no more than 100 in the 96-well microplate curve chart. As the phage quantity decreased, the dilution plate appeared with growth curve similar to EV76 strain in turn, and the color of tetrazolium dyes in the experimental wells gradually deepened as the phage number decreased and the host bacteria number increased. Therefore, it indicates that phage 476 was sensitively at both 28 ℃ and 37 ℃, while phage 087 and 072204 were temperature-dependent only at 37 ℃ to attenuated plague bacterium EV76. Conclusions The lysing ability of 3 wild-type plague phages are temperature-dependent, and the growth results are consistent under the three experimental conditions.

Objective:To learn about the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotyping of Yersinia pestis in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Yushu for short), Qinghai Province, and to explore its genetic characteristics. Methods:In this study, 44 representative strains isolated from local natural plague focus in Yushu from 1963 to 2007 were selected as experimental objects to extract DNA. Primers targeting the three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb, and YPc) were designed for PCR amplification. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed to identify the CRISPR spacer, and to determine the CRISPR genotypes and clusters.Results:Twenty-three spacers including 14 of YPa, 6 of YPb and 3 of YPc were observed among 44 strains, of which 2 spacers (a106 and a107) were firstly identified. According to the spacer arrays, the strains were divided into 15 CRISPR genotypes and classified into 6 CRISPR clusters which were Cb4, Cc3', Ca7, Ca7', CaΔ5' and Ca35', respectively. Among them, Ca7 was the most epidemic dominant cluster (34 strains) in Yushu.Conclusion:The CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis in Yushu have multiple genotypes, high genetic polymorphism, and complex population structure.

Objective:To investigate the genotypes of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) of Yersinia pestis ( Y. pestis) and it's regional distribution in the plague natural foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods:In this study, 1 004 strains of Y. pestis isolated from different hosts and vectors in different regions from 1954 to 2011 were selected as experimental objects, which preserved in Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, and DNA of Y. pestis was extracted by traditional phenol-chloroform method. Three CRISPR loci (YPa, YPb and YPc) were amplified by PCR and sequenced, respectively, and the CRISPR sequences were compared with the CRISPRDictionary database recently reported in the literature to identify CRISPR spacer. For the spacer discovered for the first time at each CRISPR locus, Blast sequence alignment was performed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to speculate the source of gene sequence. Genotyping of Y. pestis from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was performed based on the polymorphism of CRISPR spacer array. Results:A total of 53 spacers were found in 1 004 strains of Y. pestis, of which 6 spacers were newly discovered, namely a105, a106, a107, b51, b52 and c14. The 1 004 strains of Y. pestis were divided into 10 groups with 44 different CRISPR genotypes, and 15 new genotypes were found. The dominant genotypes of Y. pestis were G26-a1', G7, G22, G24-a1', G22-a1', G9 and G26-a1'a60 in Himalayan Marmot plague natural foci, and G37-a6' in Qinghai Microtinae plague natural foci. Conclusion:The CRISPR genotypes of Y. pestis in the plague natural foci of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are high diverse and have significant regional distribution characteristics.

AIM: To study the effects of individual differences (gender, age, body surface area, and body weight) on the pharmacokinetics of capecitabine in cancer patients in hoping of providing evidence for the rational use of capecitabine in clinic. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with various solid tumors were given a single dose of 0.6 g (0.15 g, 4 tablets) capecitabine in postprandial and blood samples were collected at multiple time points. The plasma concentration of capecitabine and its active metablolite, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin7.0 software. RESULTS: Following oral administration, the C

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation(SNM)therapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction(LUTD)in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 91 elderly patients with LUTD from multiple medical institutions who received SNM during the period from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into four groups: the interstitial cystitis(IC)group(n=28), the neurogenic bladder(NB)group(n=36), the overactive bladder syndrome(OAB)group(n=13)and the idiopathic dysuria(ID)group(n=14). Different sets of evaluation parameters were used for different diseases.Patients’ baseline data and data in stage I(test phase)and stage Ⅱ(permanent SNM)were recorded, statistically analyzed and compared.Results:Ninety-one people underwent SNM treatment.Of them, 53 patients received permanent implants(stage Ⅱ), and the total conversion rate of stage I to stage Ⅱ was 58.2%(53/91). Patients receiving permanent implants(stage Ⅱ)had a preoperative period ranging from 3 months to 30 years, and were followed up for 2 to 58 months after treatment, with an average follow-up of 19.6 months.The improvement rates in stage I for urinary urgency, daily urination frequency, daily nocturnal urination frequency, maximum urine volume, daily average urine volume, daily urine leakage frequency, and quality of life score were 35.4%, 31.6%, 33.7%, 32.6%, 49.2%, 43.2% and 13.2%, respectively.The improvement rates in stage Ⅱ for urinary urgency, daily urination frequency, daily nocturnal urination frequency, maximum urine volume, daily average urine volume, daily urine leakage frequency, and quality of life score were 43.2%, 40.0%, 37.8%, 50.5%, 70.5%, 70.4% and 43.2%, respectively.Three adverse events occurred, including 1 case of recurrent symptoms, 1 case of moderate infection, and 1 case of electrical lead dislocation.Conclusions:Sacral nerve stimulation has definitive and consistent curative effects on LUTD in elderly people.The follow-up time should be extended to further study the safety of sacral nerve stimulation.