Objective To investigate the effect of early continuous renal replacement therapy on the prognosis of urinary sepsis after surgery for upper urinary tract calculi.Methods The clinical data of 59 patients with urinary sepsis after surgery for upper urinary tract calculi were retrospectively analyzed.In 59 patients with urinary sepsis,9 patients with early persistent renal replacement therapy were selected as the experimental group and 50 patients without early continuous renal replacement therapy as the control group. The age,sex ratio,diabetes,hypertension,the average operation time were no significant difference(P>0.05).Preoperative urinary tract infection,the experimental group preoperative urinary tract infection was significantly higher than the control group(77.8% vs.32.0%,P<0.05).In the results of preoperative urine culture positive ratio,the experimental group was also significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The changes of prognostic factors in patients with or without continuous renal replacement therapy were analyzed.Results In terms of the changes of postoperative laboratory results,the decrease of procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein,white blood cell count and neutrophil ratio in the experimental group was significantly larger than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant;on the increase of hemoglobin,platelet count,fibrinogen,the standard bicarbonate level from blood gas analysis in the experimental group increased significantly more than the control group,the difference between the two groups were statistically significant.Conclusions Early renal replacement therapy in patients with urinary sepsis after upper urinary tract calculi surgeries can improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the application value of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in auditory pathway of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) infants caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.Methods Thirtyone SNHL infants caused by CMV infections were included,and were divided into bilateral hearing loss (BPHL;n=13) group and unilateral hearing impairment (UPHL;n=18) group (including damaged side [lpsi subgroup] and the undamaged side [contrast subgroup]).Thirty-one infants without hearing loss as control group.The fractional anisotropy (FA),the mean diffusivity (MD),the axial diffusivity (AD) and the radial diffusivity (RD) of bilateral inferior colliculus (IC)and lateral lemniscus (LL) were obtained with DTI technique.The statistical analysis was performed.Results Compared with the control group,the FA value reduced and the RD value increased at LL and IC in the BPHL group (all P＜0.001).Compared with the contrast subgroup,the FA value reduced and the RD value increased at IC and LL in lpsi subgroup (all P＜0.001).Compared with the control group,the FA value reduced at LL in the lpsi subgroup,and FA values reduced and RD value increased at IC (all P＜0.001).Compared with the contrast subgroup,the FA value reduced and RD value increased at LL,and RD value increased at IC in the BPHL group (all P＜0.001).The FA value at IC was negatively correlated with auditory threshold (r=-0.966,P＜0.001).No matter in IC or in LL,the MD and AD had no statistical differences (all P＞0.05).Conclusion White matter of auditory pathway of SNHL infant caused by CMV infection is obviously altered,suggesting white matter myelination or myelin dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and safety of clarithromycin intensive therapy on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and its effects on serum inflammatory cytokines.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were randomly divided into control group 1 (62 cases),control group 2 (62 cases) and observation group (62 cases).Control group 1 was given Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablet (7∶ 1) 0.457 g,3 times a day.Control group 2 was given Clarithromycin dispersible tablet 0.25 g orally,once a day.Observation group was given Clarithromycin dispersible tablet 0.5 g orally on the first week,twice a day,0.25 g at the second week,twice a day.Both groups were treated for 2 weeks.Clinical efficacies of 3 groups were observed.Clinical symptom score,TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP before and after treatment as well as the occurrence of ADR were observed.RESULTS:Total response rate was in descending order:observation group (93.55％) ＞control group 2 (80.65％) ＞control group 1 (65.51％),with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in clinical symptom score,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP among 3 groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,clinical symptom score,the levels of TNF-αt,IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly lower than before treatment;those indexes of 3 groups were in ascending order:observation group＜control group 2＜control group 1,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The incidence of ADR in observation group and control groups were significantly lower than control group 1,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance between observation group and control group 2 (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Clarithromycin intensive therapy shows significant therapeutic efficacy for chronic rhinosinusitis,improves clinical symptoms of patients and reduces the level of serum inflammatory factor without increasing the occurrence of ADR.

OBJECTIVETo develop a brief version scale with good validity and reliability to evaluate self-management knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) of diabetes patients in a shorter time.

METHODS20 authority experts who specialized in the field of diabetes clinical and non-communicable disease self-management, and familiar with the relevant content of diabetes self-management were selected. Face to face and Email consultation methods were applied in two rounds delphi expert consultations to choose items from the Diabetes Self-management Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Assessment Scale (DSKAB, total scale, 98 items). In the first round of expert consultation, experts were asked to select the core items from every dimension and score the extent of familiarity and basis of judgment. In the second round of expert consultation, the significance of the core items which were selected by experts in first round, were graded. The items which entered into the brief scale were determined by harmonious condition of expert opinions.

RESULTSTwo rounds of consultation reclaimed 16 and 15 responses respectively, Positive coefficients of experts were 80% and 94% respectively, and both authoritative coefficients were 0.90. In the first round of consultation, experts selected 44.3 ± 6.2 items on average, 42 items were selected according to the integrity of the scale for measuring dimension and content at last. In the second round of consultation, experts thought that the 42 items could measure the important contents of each dimension comprehensive and representative, the item importance scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior subscale were 8.42 ± 1.17, 8.61 ± 1.24, 8.61 ± 1.02 respectively, and the coordination coefficients of the three subscale were 0.36, 0.20, 0.49 (χ(2) were 89.74, 11.13, 96.03, P<0.05). The total coordination coefficient was 0.38 (χ(2) =199.36, P<0.001), which indicated the concentration of experts(')opinion was acceptable, showed the brief scale with good face validity and content validity.

CONCLUSIONThe brief scale could evaluate Diabetes Self-management KAB Scale rapidly and relatively comprehensive in groups or individuals diabetes with good face validity and content validity.

Objective To evaluate the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the brief version of the self-management knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) assessment scale for diabetes patients. Methods Diabetes patients who were managed at the Xinkaipu Community Health Service Center of Tianxin in Changsha, Hunan Province were selected for survey by cluster sampling. A total of 350 diabetes patients were surveyed using the brief scale to collect data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of self-management. Content validity was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient between the brief scale and subscales of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Structure validity was evaluated by factor analysis, and discrimination validity was evaluated by an independent sample t-test between the high-score and low-score groups. Reliability was tested by internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability. The evaluation indexes of internal consistency reliability were Cronbach's α coefficients, θ coefficient, and Ω coefficient. Acceptability was evaluated by valid response rate and completion time of the brief scale. Results A total of 346(98.9%) valid questionnaires were returned, with average survey time of (11.43±3.4) minutes. Average score of the brief scale was 78.85 ± 11.22; scores of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior subscales were 16.45 ± 4.42, 21.33 ± 2.03, and 41.07 ± 8.34, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between the brief scale and the knowledge, attitude, and behavior subscales were 0.92, 0.42, and 0.60, respectively;P-values were all less than 0.01, indicating that the face validity and content validity of the brief scale were achieved to a good level. The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the brief scale and three subscales was from 53.66%to 61.75%, which achieved more than 50%of the approved standard. There were 11 common factors;41 of the total 42 items had factor loadings above 0.40 in their relevant common factor, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had good construct validity. Patients were divided into a high-score group and a low-score group, then scores of the brief scale and three subscales were compared between the groups using a t-test. The results were all significant, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had good discriminate validity. Mean scores of the brief scale and three subscales of the high-score group were 91.55±6.81, 19.51±2.17, 22.74±1.88, and 49.30±6.20, respectively;these were higher than the low-score group (65.89 ± 5.79, 12.29 ± 4.76, 20.22 ± 1.88, and 33.39 ± 6.17, respectively) with t-values 27.76, 13.31, 9.20, and 17.56 (P-values were less than 0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient, θ coefficient,Ω coefficient, and split-half reliability of the brief scale were 0.83, 0.87, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. These values for the three subscales were all above 0.70, except for theθcoefficient of the attitude subscale with 0.64, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability. Conclusion The brief version of the diabetes self-management knowledge, attitude, and behavior assessment scale showed good acceptability, validity, and reliability, to responsibly evaluate self-management KAB among patients with diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the brief version of the self-management knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) assessment scale for diabetes patients. Methods Diabetes patients who were managed at the Xinkaipu Community Health Service Center of Tianxin in Changsha, Hunan Province were selected for survey by cluster sampling. A total of 350 diabetes patients were surveyed using the brief scale to collect data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of self-management. Content validity was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient between the brief scale and subscales of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Structure validity was evaluated by factor analysis, and discrimination validity was evaluated by an independent sample t-test between the high-score and low-score groups. Reliability was tested by internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability. The evaluation indexes of internal consistency reliability were Cronbach's α coefficients, θ coefficient, and Ω coefficient. Acceptability was evaluated by valid response rate and completion time of the brief scale. Results A total of 346(98.9%) valid questionnaires were returned, with average survey time of (11.43±3.4) minutes. Average score of the brief scale was 78.85 ± 11.22; scores of the knowledge, attitude, and behavior subscales were 16.45 ± 4.42, 21.33 ± 2.03, and 41.07 ± 8.34, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between the brief scale and the knowledge, attitude, and behavior subscales were 0.92, 0.42, and 0.60, respectively;P-values were all less than 0.01, indicating that the face validity and content validity of the brief scale were achieved to a good level. The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the brief scale and three subscales was from 53.66%to 61.75%, which achieved more than 50%of the approved standard. There were 11 common factors;41 of the total 42 items had factor loadings above 0.40 in their relevant common factor, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had good construct validity. Patients were divided into a high-score group and a low-score group, then scores of the brief scale and three subscales were compared between the groups using a t-test. The results were all significant, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had good discriminate validity. Mean scores of the brief scale and three subscales of the high-score group were 91.55±6.81, 19.51±2.17, 22.74±1.88, and 49.30±6.20, respectively;these were higher than the low-score group (65.89 ± 5.79, 12.29 ± 4.76, 20.22 ± 1.88, and 33.39 ± 6.17, respectively) with t-values 27.76, 13.31, 9.20, and 17.56 (P-values were less than 0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficient, θ coefficient,Ω coefficient, and split-half reliability of the brief scale were 0.83, 0.87, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. These values for the three subscales were all above 0.70, except for theθcoefficient of the attitude subscale with 0.64, indicating that the brief scale and three subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability. Conclusion The brief version of the diabetes self-management knowledge, attitude, and behavior assessment scale showed good acceptability, validity, and reliability, to responsibly evaluate self-management KAB among patients with diabetes.

In this short review, we have presented a brief overview on major web resources relevant to stem cell research. To facilitate more efficient use of these resources, we have provided a pre-liminary rating based on our own user experience of the overall quality for each resource. We plan to update the information on an annual basis.

Objective To investigate the effect of the dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the human low-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and to explore its mechanism. Methods The A549 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and DHA group. The cells in the control group were incubated with conventional reagent, and the cells in DHA group were incubated with 500 nmol/L of DHA. After incubation for 72 hours, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to examine the proliferation of A549 cells in the two groups. Gene expression of p85, Akt, Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The protein expression of p85, Akt, p-p85, p-Akt, Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting method. The activity of Caspase3 was measured by Caspase3 colorimetric assay kit. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of A549 cells in DHA group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01) . The RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of p85 and AKT had no obvious difference between the two groups, but the mRNA expressien level of Bax was increased ( P<0.001), and the mRNA expressien level of Bcl-2 was decreased ( P<0.05) . The Western blotting results showed that there was no significant changes of p85 and Akt proteins between the two groups (P>0.05), but p-p85, p-Akt and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) , and Bax protein expression was increased ( P<0.01). Moreover, the activity of Caspase3 was also enhanced ( P<0.001). Conclusion DHA can reduce the proliferation of A549 cells and increase the apoptosis of A549 cells, and its mechanism probably has relationship with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the utilization of Chinese medicines in outpatients of our hospital for the rational use of Chinese medicines in clinic. Methods Drug consumption data during 2010-2012 were collected from the hospital information system database,and drug daily dosages(DDDs)and consumption sum were statistically analyzed. Results The amount of Chinese medicines was 33.07%-36.29%of all drugs costs in the outpatients from 2010-2012. From DDDs’top 10 Chinese medicines during 2010-2012, medicine for cardiovascular medications and urinary system had a great percentage, and the doctors used Chinese medicines reasonably. Conclusion The Chinese medicines uses in outpatients of our hospital is generally rational.

Neurological disorders comprise a variety of complex diseases in the central nervous system, which can be roughly classified as neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. The basic and translational research of neurological disorders has been hindered by the difficulty in accessing the pathological center (i.e., the brain) in live patients. The rapid advancement of sequencing and array technologies has made it possible to investigate the disease mechanism and biomarkers from a systems perspective. In this review, recent progresses in the discovery of novel risk genes, treatment targets and peripheral biomarkers employing genomic technologies will be dis-cussed. Our major focus will be on two of the most heavily investigated neurological disorders, namely Alzheimer’s disease and autism spectrum disorder.