The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution(gradient elution). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The injection volume was 1 μL, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber was fitted using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition) to determine common peaks, evaluate similarity, identify and determine the content of major components. The CCK-8 assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of the main components on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The results showed that in the established UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber, 35 common peaks were identified. Thirteen major components, including neochlorogenic acid(peak 1), chlorogenic acid(peak 2), cryptochlorogenic acid(peak 3), caffeic acid(peak 4), schaftoside(peak 6), galuteolin(peak 9), isochlorogenic acid B(peak 10), isochlorogenic acid A(peak 12), isochlorogenic acid C(peak 18), deoxyelephantopin(peak 28), isodeoxyelephantopin(peak 29), isoscabertopin(peak 31), and scabertopin(peak 32) were identified and quantified, and a quantitative analysis method was established. The results of the in vitro anti-cancer activity study showed that deoxyelephantopin, isodeoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, and scabertopin in E. scaber exhibited inhibition rates of lung cancer cell proliferation exceeding 80% at a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), higher than the positive drug paclitaxel. These results indicate that the fingerprint of E. scaber is highly characteristic, and the quantitative analysis method is accurate and stable, providing references for the research on quality standards of E. scaber. Four sesquiterpene lactones in E. scaber show significant anti-cancer activity and can serve as Q-markers for E. scaber.
Humans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Adolescent ; Adult ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Contact Tracing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Tuberculosis/transmission* ; Universities ; Young Adult

Objective:To evaluate the residual stepping ability in monkeys with spinal cord injury longitudinally. Methods:Four adult female monkeys were studied. Right hemisection of 10 mm spinal cord tissue was performed at the T_7-9 segment. Gait tests of bipedal locomotion were performed before, and six weeks and twelve weeks after injury by VICON system. Gait cycle duration, amplitude of knee and ankle angles, and ratio of united parameters were obtained from successive stepping and were quantitative analyzed. Results:The coordination of bilateral hindlimbs was destroyed after spinal cord injury, and the right hindlimb showed obviously dragging. The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the amplitudes of knee and ankle angle significantly increased (P < 0.001) after spinal cord injury. The ratio of united parameters was not statistically different among all the time points (P > 0.05). The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb was correlated with step length (r = 0.838, P = 0.001), step height (r = 0.726, P = 0.007) and amplitude of ankle angle (r = 0.766, P = 0.004), and the amplitude of ankle angle was correlated with step length (r = 0.627, P = 0.029). Conclusion:The gait pattern of monkey with spinal cord injury has been changed. The gait strategy of the uninjured side was adjusted compensatively after spinal cord injury to adapt the functional impairment of contralateral hindlimb.

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) severely affects the life of women and the estrogen replacement therapy for it has obvious adverse effects. This article aimed to study the effect of polygoni multiflori radix preparata (PMRP) on DOR in rats and provide a therapeutic option for clinical medication. Methods Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into six groups of equal number,normal control,DOR model control,high-dose PMRP (4 g/kg),medium-dose PMRP (2 g/kg),low-dose PMRP (1 g/kg),and positive control. The DOR model was established by gavage of tripterygium glycosides as 75 mg/kg every morning,followed by administration of PMRP in the PMRP groups,Estradiol valerate at 0.18 mg/kg in the positive control group and distilled water in the model control group in the afternoon,all for 30 consecutive days. The estrous cycle of the rats was observed,the levels of serum estradiol (E2),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hor-mone (LH),anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin-B (INH- B) were determined by ELISA,the ovarian and uterine indexes were obtained,and the ovarian morphology was observed by HE stai-ning,and the counts of follicles at different stages were recorded. Results Compared with the normal controls,the DOR model rats showed modeling time-related lengthening,irregularity and even disorder of the estrous cycle,with a few epithelial cells or keratino-cytes and leucocytes on the vaginal smear at 11-30 days. The estrous cycle was normal in the PMRP and positive control groups at 1-10 days and relatively prolonged at 11-30 days. In comparison with the normal control group,the DOR model rats exhibited a signifi-cantly decreased levels of serum E2 ([302.6±42.9] vs [155.7±46.8] pg/mL,P<0.05) and INH-B ([494.5±84.1] vs [299.2± 106.8] pg/mL,P<0.05) but increased levels of FSH ([7.2±0.5] vs [21.7±1.2] mIU/mL,P<0.05) and LH ([17.4±1.2] vs [25.0±1.0] mU/mL,P<0.05). The INH-B level was markedly elevated in the PMRP and positive control groups as compared with that in the DOR models (P<0.05). The counts of follicles and corpora lutea were remarkably lower in the DOR model rats (P<0.05) while that of developing follicles markedly higher in the PMRP and positive control groups than in the normal control group (P<0.05). The numbers of atretic follicles+corpora lutea were significantly increased in the high-dose PMRP group but decreased in the low-dose PMRP group (P<0.05) and positive controls (P<0.05). The counts of primordial and developing follicles were dramatically higher in the PMRP and positive control groups than in the DOR model controls (P<0.01) and so were the numbers of atretic follicles+corpora lutea in the high-and medium-dose PMRP groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Polygoni multiflori radix preparata can effectively protect the reproductive function of female rats by inhibiting tripterygium glycosides-induced toxicity to the ovary.

Objective To observe the influence of spinal cord injury on lower limbs weight support capacity,and the changes with time. Methods Six adult female rhesus monkeys with thoracic(T7-9)right spinal cord hemi-section were measured the plantar pressure ratio of both lower limbs with Foot-Scan system before,and six and twelve weeks after operation. Results There was no statistical difference between both sides of limbs before operation(Z=-1.330,P>0.05),while the plantar pressure ratio was more on the left limbs six and twelve weeks after operation(Z>4.783,P<0.001).The plantar pressure ratio of right lower limb became less and less during observation(Z=3.191,P<0.001). Conclusion The weight support capacity of affected limbs is injured after spinal cord hemi-section in monkeys, and would become worse without intervention.

With the growth of number of Chinese patent medicines and clinical use, the rational use of Chinese medicine is becoming more and more serious. Due to the complexity of Chinese medicine theory and the uncertainty of clinical application, the prescription review of Chinese patent medicine always relied on experience in their respective, leading to the uncontrolled of clinical rational use. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and characteristics of the unique clinical therapeutics, based on the practice experience and expertise comments, our paper formed the expert consensus on the prescription review of Chinese traditional patent medicine for promoting the rational use of drugs in Beijing. The objective, methods and key points of prescription review of Chinese patent medicine, were included in this expert consensus, in order to regulate the behavior of prescription and promote rational drug use.

Objective To establish a three- dimensional hindlimb gait data toolkit (THGT) for healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) non-human primate (rhesus monkey) based on Matlab to realize upload of original data, automatic gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters, etc. Methods Vicon system was used to collect three-dimensional hindlimb gait data of healthy and SCI (after 6 weeks) rhesus monkey to obtain the kinematics data of both hindlimbs in continuous strides. It was analyzed with THGT to process the gait division, calculation and drawing of multiple gait parameters. Results THGT read the data, distinguished cycles of gait, calculated 140 kinds of gait parameters and drew graphs of the results. Conclusion THGT extends the universality of the Vicon data, realizes automatically gait division and friendly interactive interface, and puts out the visible results.

To understand the genetic diversity and drug resistance status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) circulating in Xuzhou of China, the spacer-oligonucleotide typing (Spoligotyping) and multi-loci VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats) analysis (MLVA) were utilized for the genotyping of the isolates. Drug susceptibility test (DST) was performed by the proportion method on the Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium using isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. By Spoligotyping, 287 M. tuberculosis isolates were differentiated into 14 clusters. Then with 15-loci MLVA, these strains could be divided into 32 clusters, 228 genotypes. Of 15 VNTRs, 6 loci had the highly discriminatory powers, 6 loci presented moderate discrimination and 3 loci demonstrated less polymorphism. The DST results showed that 46 strains were resistant to at least one first-line anti-tuberculosis agent. There was a difference in the isoniazid resistance between Beijing and non-Beijing genotype strains. We concluded that the combination of Spoligotyping and 15 VNTR loci as the genotyping in our study was applicable for this region, the drug resistant isolates were identified, and the Beijing family was the most prevalent genotype in the rural counties of Xuzhou.
China ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotyping Techniques ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics

Objective To find methods to isolate and purify plasminogen activator (Pla) from artificial culture of Yersinia pestis. Methods Ultrasonication and urea extracting combined by ammonium sulfate salting-out were tried to extract Pla. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to purify Pla. The first step was ion exchange and the second was gel filtration, Preparative electrophoresis was used to purify Pla, too. The enzyme activity of the isolated or purificated Pla was detected. Results Both 50% - 60% saturated ammonium sulfate deposition of supernatant of plague bacilli ultrasonication and 0 - 10% saturated ammonium sulfate deposition of supernatant of plague bacilli powder soaked by urea had three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103) and lysis rings were 6.5 and 7.2 mm in diameter respectively when the enzyme activity was detected. Pla purified by HPLC was mainly composed of three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103), occupying more than 80% of total protein weight and lysis ring was 5.0 mm in diameter. Pla purified by preparative electrophoresis mainly consisted of three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103) with other proteins of low concentration nearby, no lysis ring was detected. Conclusions Pla is collected by the methods of ultrasonication and urea extracting. Priliminary purification of Pla can be achieved by HPLC and preparative electrophoresis.