Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Conbercept on various optical coherence tomography(OCT)biomarkers in patients with retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema(RVO-ME), and to analyze the correlation of these biomarker changes with visual prognosis.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 57 patients(57 eyes)with RVO-ME, including 25 patients(25 eyes)with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)and 32 patients(32 eyes)with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), were enrolled in this study. All the patients received intravitreal injection of conbercept once a month, three times in total. The preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and changes in OCT biomarkers, including central macular thickness(CMT), the length of disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL), the number of hyperreflective dots(HRD), the area of intraretinal fluid(IRF), the area of subretinal fluid(SRF), and the length of ellipsoid zone(EZ)disruption were compared. Furthermore, the relationship of these changes with BCVA was analyzed.RESULTS:Compared with the baseline, at 3 mo post-treatment, BCVA(LogMAR)was improved, CMT was decreased, the length of DRIL was shortened, the number of HRD was reduced, the area of IRF was decreased, the area of SRF was reduced, and the length of EZ disruption was shortened(all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the changes in CMT, the length of DRIL, the number of HRD, the area of IRF, the area of SRF and the change in BCVA before and after treatment(P>0.05). However, the change in the length of EZ disruption was positively correlated with the change in BCVA(rs=0.34, P=0.011), and the R2 value of the fitting curve between the change in the length of EZ disruption and the change in BCVA was 0.113(P=0.011). When comparing the pre- and post-treatment changes in BCVA, the length of DRIL, the number of HRD, the area of IRF, the area of SRF, and the length of EZ disruption between patients in the CRVO group and BRVO group, no significant differences were observed(all P>0.05). In contrast, a significant difference was found in the change in CMT between the two groups(P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Conbercept effectively improves multiple OCT biomarkers in patients with RVO-ME. Repair of EZ disruption is a key driver of visual recovery, and its stability may serve as a novel indicator for personalized decision-making in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

ObjectiveTo study the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five representative components in Wujiwan， and to illustrate the difference of metabolism and tissue distribution before and after compatibility. MethodHealthy male SD rats were divided into four groups， including Wujiwan group（A group， 62.96 g·L^-1）， Coptidis Rhizoma group（B group， 38.4 g·L^-1）， processed Euodiae Fructus group（C group， 5.88 g·L^-1） and fried Paeoniae Radix Alba group（D group， 18.68 g·L^-1）， with 65 rats in each group， and were administered the drugs according to the clinical dose of decoction pieces converted into the dose of the extracts. Then plasma， liver， small intestine and brain were taken at pharmacokinetic set time in each group after administration. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the quantitative analysis of five representative components［berberine（Ber）， palmatine（Pal）， evodiamine（Evo）， rutecarpine（Rut） and paeoniflorin（Pae）］ in Wujiwan， their concentrations in plasma， liver， small intestine and brain were detected at different time， plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation， and tissue samples were pretreated by protein precipitation plus liquid-liquid extraction. Non-atrioventricular model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component， and the parameters of each group were compared. ResultPharmacokinetic results of A group showed that area under the curve（AUC_0-t） of the five representative components were ranked as follows：Ber and Pal were small intestine>liver>blood， Evo and Rut were liver>small intestine>plasma， Pae was small intestine>plasma， which was not detected in the liver， no other components were detected in brain except for Ber. In comparison with plasma and other tissues， peak concentration（C_max） of Ber， Pal， Evo， and Rut were the highest and time to peak（t_max） were the lowest in the liver of A group. In plasma， the AUC_0-t and C_max of Evo and Rut were increased in A group compared with C group， t_max of Pea was elevated and its C_max was decreased in A group compared with D group. In the liver， compared with B-D groups， C_max values of 5 representative components except Pae were elevated， AUC_0-t of Pae was decreased and AUC_0-t of Evo and Rut were increased in the A group. In the small intestine， half-life（t_1/2） of each representative components in A group was elevated and t_max was decreased， and C_max of each representative ingredient except Pal was decreased， AUC_0-t values of Ber and Pal were increased， whereas the AUC_0-t values of Evo and Rut were decreased. ConclusionThe small intestine， as the effector organ， is the most distributed， followed by the liver. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the representative components in Wujiwan are changed before and after compatibility， which is more favorable to the exertion of its pharmacodynamic effects.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of manual acupuncture on endometrial blood flow parameters by three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound in women undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Seventy patients undergoing IVF-ET were equally randomized into traditional or sham acupuncture treatment group for totally 4 days (from the day of oocyte aspiration to the day of embryo transfer) of treatment by random envelope method at the Reproductive Medicine Center and Outpatient Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to December 2015. Patients in the traditional acupuncture group accepted traditional acupuncture methods with manual acupuncture, and Zhongji (CV3), Qihai (CV 6), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taichong (LR 3), Tianshu (ST 25), Guilai (ST 29) and Zusanli (ST 36) were chosen. Patients at the sham acupuncture group accepted shallow acupuncture methods at 4 non-meridian points at each shoulder and upper arm. Outcome measures included endometrial ultrasonic indices such as vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI), endometrial thickness and volume, subendometrial VI (sVI), subendometrial FI (sFI), subendometrial VFI (sVFI), implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and number of live births. RESULTS: Finally, 34 patients in the traditional acupuncture group and 35 in the sham acupuncture group completed this trial. VI, FI and VFI of the traditional acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, sVI, sFI, sVFI, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate and number of live births (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Manual acupuncture performed after oocyte aspiration and before transplantation improved the endometrial blood flow parameters VI, RI and VFI in women who underwent IVF-ET, instead of sVI, sFI and sVFI. Therefore, acupuncture might be beneficial in women undergoing IVF-ET by increasing endometrial blood flow and endometrial receptivity. (Registration No. ChiCTR2100053354).
Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods* ; Single-Blind Method ; Embryo Transfer ; Pregnancy Rate ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Endometrium/blood supply*

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of congenital esophageal atresia (CEA) and risk factors of mortality associated with esophageal repair (ER) surgery.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2022, patients diagnosed of CEA using chest and abdomen X-ray and esophagography in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were assigned into ER group and non-ER group according to the treatments. The ER group was subgrouped into survival group and death group according to the prognosis. Clinical data and outcomes were collected and compared between the groups.Results:A total of 553 cases were enrolled. According to Gross classification, 29 patients (5.2%) were type A, 2 patients (0.4%) were type B, 504 patients (91.1%) were type C, 6 patients (1.1%) were type D and 11 patients (2.0%) were type E. One patient had simple transluminal septal atresia of the esophagus. 406 patients were in ER group and 147 in non-ER group. Compared with ER group, non-ER group had significantly higher incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight and overall malformations (all P<0.05). In ER group, 152 patients (37.4%) received open thoracic surgery (OTS), 243 (59.9%) had video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and 11 (2.7%) were VATS converted to OTS. Postoperative anastomotic leakage (PAL) occurred in 92 patients (22.7%) and 15 patients (3.7%) died after surgery. The median length of hospital stay was 23 (17, 36) d. Compared with the survival group, the death group had higher incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight, VATS converted to OTS, mechanical ventilation after ER, and shorter length of hospital stay (all P<0.05). After adjusted for birth weight, VATS converted to OTS ( OR=9.585, 95% CI 1.899-48.374) and mechanical ventilation after ER ( OR=7.821, 95% CI 1.002-61.057) were risk factors of mortality in ER patients. Conclusions:Non-ER patients have higher incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight and overall malformations than ER patients. VATS is the method of choice for CEA. Preterm birth, low birth weight, VATS converted to OTS and mechanical ventilation after ER are risk factors of mortality in ER patients.

Objective To analyze the correlation between irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)as well as its subtypes and gallbladder stone.Methods Collected the clinical data of 556 patients who were treated in Department of Gastroenterology of the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to March 2023.The patients were divided into IBS group(n=161)and non-IBS group(n=395).The subjects were investigated by questionnaire,physical examination and blood examination,and the data of gender,age,height,weight,blood pressure and blood biochemical indexes were obtained and compared between two groups.The relation between gallbladder stone and IBS were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results There were 90 cases of gallbladder stone in the total population,accounting for 16.2%,including 37 cases of gallbladder stone in IBS group(23.0%)and 53 cases in non-IBS group(13.4%).The prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There were 6 cases of gallbladder muddy stones(3.7%)in IBS group and 3 cases(0.8%)in non-IBS group.And the prevalence rate of gallbladder muddy stones in IBS group was also significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,BMI,total bile acids(TBA),total cholesterol(TC)and combined IBS were independently related to the occurrence of gallbladder stone(P<0.05).In the 161 IBS patients,there were 114 cases of diarrhea-predominant IBS(IBS-D group),including 26 cases(22.8%)of gallbladder stone in IBS-diarrhea(IBS-D,n=114)group and 47 cases of constipation-predominant IBS(IBS-C group),including 11 cases(23.4%)of gallbladder stone.And there were 53 cases(13.4%)of gallbladder stone in the non-IBS group(n=395).Further analysis showed that the prevalence rate of gallbladder stone in IBS-D group was significantly higher than that in non-IBS group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gallbladder stone prevalence rate between IBS-C group and non-IBS group(P>0.05).Conclusions There is a correlation between IBS and gallbladder stones.In addition,among the two subtypes of IBS,IBS-D patients may have an increased risk of gallbladder stone compared with non-IBS patients.

Social behavior is extremely important for the physical and mental health of individuals, their growth and development, and for social development. Social behavioral disorders have become a typical clinical representation of a variety of psychiatric disorders and have serious adverse effects on the development of individuals. The prefrontal cortex, as one of the key areas responsible for social behavior, involves in many advanced brain functions such as social behavior, emotion, and decision-making. The neural activity of prefrontal cortex has a major impact on the performance of social behavior. Numerous studies demonstrate that neurons and glial cells can regulate certain social behaviors by themselves or the interaction which we called neural microcircuits; and the collaboration with other brain regions also regulates different types of social behaviors. The prefrontal cortex (PFC)-thalamus projections mainly influence social dominance and social preference; the PFC-amygdala projections play a key role in fear behavior, emotional behavior, social exploration, and social identification; and the PFC-nucleus accumbens projections mainly involve social preference, social memory, social cognition, and spatial-social associative learning. Based on the above neural mechanism, many studies have focused on applying the non-invasive neurostimulation to social deficit-related symptoms, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS). Our previous study also investigated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve the social behavior of mice and low-intensity focused ultrasound ameliorated the social avoidance behavior of mice by enhancing neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex. In this review, we summarize the relationship between neurons, glial cells, brain projection and social behavior in the prefrontal cortex, and systematically show the role of the prefrontal cortex in the regulation of social behavior. We hope our summarization will provide a reference for the neural mechanism and effective treatment of social disorders.

Objective To establish a rapid and convenient UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of tamoxifen and its active metabolite endoxifen in plasma of patients with breast cancer.Methods With diazepam as the internal standard,the plasma sample was precipitated with acetonitrile and methanol-acetonitrile was used as mobile phase.The samples were separated by chromatographic column ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18(18 μm,2.1 mm x50 mm)and scanned by electrospray ion source and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode.The ion channels were detected as tamoxifen m/z 372.0→72.1,endoxifen m/z 374.0→58.2 and diazepam m/z 285→192.9.Results The linearity of tamoxifen and endoxifen were good in the concentration range of 1-500 ng·mL-1(R2=0.999 5)and 0.5-250 ng·mL-1,respectively(R2=0.999 9).The intra-day and inter-day precision of low,medium and high quality control concentrations were all less than 10％.Tamoxifen and endoxifen were stable at low temperature and stable after repeated freeze-thaw.Conclusion The experimental results show that the method meets the requirements of biological sample analysis,and the sample treatment is simple,specific,and can be used for the accurate and rapid determination of tamoxifen and indoloxifen in human plasma.

Conducting local tolerance testing on parentaral drugs is of great significance for evaluating the clinical medication risks of drugs.Although relevant domestic and international guidelines provide detailed instructions on how to conduct local tolerance testing,it was found that some products still provide non-standard application materials,which affects the efficiency of drug development.This article summarizes the information on domestic and international guidance related to the local tolerance testing and elaborates on common problems based on specific application cases,with the aim of of providing reference for related work.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effects and survival benefits of sintilimab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods Patients with advanced gastric cancer were divided into the treatment group and the control group by cohort method.The control group was treated with albumin-bound paclitaxel-based chemotherapy[intravenous infusion of albumin-bound paclitaxel at 125 mg·m-2 from day 1 to day 8,for a cycle(21 days as a cycle);Tiggio capsule 40 mg·m-2·d-1 was taken orally for 1-14 days for 1 consecutive cycle;Trastuzumab was administered once every 3 weeks at an initial loading dose of 8 mg·kg-1,followed by maintenance treatment at a dose of 6 mg·kg-1 every 3 weeks].On this basis,the treatment group was treated with intravenous infusion of sintilimab injection at a dose of 200 mg·time-1 on the first day of each cycle,with 21 d as a cycle.After 6 cycles of continuous treatment,both groups were given maintenance treatment and were followed up for 8 months.The two groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy,the levels of serum tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 242(CA242),carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),tissue polypeptide-specific antigen(TPS),soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and E-cadherin],survival and evaluated the safety.Results In this study,39 and 41 patients were enrolled in the control group and the treatment group,respectively.At the end of treatment,the objective response rates(ORR)in the treatment group and the control group were 56.10％and 33.33％;the disease control rates(DCR)were 78.05％and 48.71％.The differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).After treatment,serum CA242 levels in the treatment group and the control group were(57.64±5.82)and(68.95±7.23)mg·L-1;CA724 levels were(36.58±3.79)and(43.65±4.48)U·mL-1;CEA levels were(17.33±1.78)and(20.16±2.35)ng·mL-1;TPS levels were(21.35±2.44)and(37.65±3.84)U·L-1;sICAM-1 levels were(216.77±22.53)and(275.34±28.63)ng·mL-1;E-cadherin levels were(12.15±1.36)and(9.87±1.45)ng·mL-1.The differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The average progression free survival(PFS)of the treatment group and the control group was 7.55 months and 7.17 months;PFS rates were 65.78％and 56.42％.The differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were mainly bone marrow suppression,nausea and vomiting,liver function damage,peripheral nerve paresthesia,and hypothyroidism.There was no statistically significant difference in the above adverse drug reactions between the treatment group and the control group(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Sintilimab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer,which can significantly improve serum tumor markers and prolong PFS,with good safety.