Objective To compare cortical inhibition(CI)function between patients with schizophrenia and depression,and to explore the correlation between CI function and clinical symptoms.Methods A total of 35 first episode schizophrenia(FES)patients,41 depression patients(21 with first episode depression,20 with recurrent depression),and 35 healthy controls(HC)were recruited.The positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to assess symptoms in FES patients,while the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)were used to assess symptoms in depression patients.All participants'cortical inhibition and excitation measures were examined using single or paired pulses transcranial magnetic stimulation.Analysis of covariance/generalized linear model was employed to compare cortical inhibition and excitation measures among groups including age,gender,and medication status as covariates.The correlations between cortical inhibition and excitation measures and clinical symptoms were analyzed.Results The cortical silent period(CSP)in FES group was longer than that in control group and depression group[(92.08±35.43)ms vs.(70.27±22.12)ms vs.(70.81±29.29)ms,P<0.05].Depression group was further divided into first episode depression(FED)and recurrent depression(RD)subgroups.The short-interval cortical inhibition(SICI)was weaker in FED group than in the RD group and the control group(0.76±0.44 vs.0.43±0.32 vs.0.45±0.20,P<0.05).In FED group,CSP was negatively correlated with the general symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.544,P<0.001),and SICI was negatively correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.501,P=0.005).In the FED group,SICI was positively correlated with HAMD-17 score(r=0.605,P=0.028).Conclusion Both FES patients and FED patients exhibit abnormal CI.There are distinct characteristics between FES and FED.FES patients exhibit prolonged CSP,while FED patients exhibit decreased SICI.The abnormal CI in FES and FED are correlated with their clinical symptoms.

Objective:To explore the safety and feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) injection through accessory incision in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Methods:A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinicopathological data of 29 patients with colon cancer undergoing right hemicolectomy at Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received ICG injection through accessory incision at the beginning of operation.Results:Among 29 patients, 13 were male and 16 were female with a mean age of (60.8±7.7) years and mean body mass index of (24.3±2.8) kg/m 2; 3 were stage I, 19 were stage II, 7 were stage III. Pericolic, intermediate and main lymph nodes could be detected under near infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) in all the cases. No.6 lymph nodes were observed in 3 cases, while no lymph nodes around superior mesenteric vein (SMV) were found. The average number of fluorescent lymph node was 14.2±6.1. The average developing time of fluorescence was (36.2±3.7) minutes. The average number of harvested lymph nodes was 22.4±8.2. There was no extravasation of imaging agent during the operation, and there were no intraoperative complications such as allergies, massive abdominal bleeding, peripheral organ damage, etc. Operative time was (113.1±10.7) minutes, blood loss during operation was (22.4±3.9) ml, ambulatory time was (1.2±0.4) days, time to the first flatus was (1.7±0.7) days, time to the first fluid diet was (0.7±0.4) days, and postoperative hospital stay was (5.8±1.5) days. No operation-associated complications such as anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic leakage, peritoneal bleeding, peritoneal infection, incision infection occurred after operation. Conclusion:ICG injection through accessory incision in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is safe and feasible.

Objective:To explore the safety and feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) injection through accessory incision in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Methods:A descriptive case series study was carried out. Clinicopathological data of 29 patients with colon cancer undergoing right hemicolectomy at Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received ICG injection through accessory incision at the beginning of operation.Results:Among 29 patients, 13 were male and 16 were female with a mean age of (60.8±7.7) years and mean body mass index of (24.3±2.8) kg/m 2; 3 were stage I, 19 were stage II, 7 were stage III. Pericolic, intermediate and main lymph nodes could be detected under near infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) in all the cases. No.6 lymph nodes were observed in 3 cases, while no lymph nodes around superior mesenteric vein (SMV) were found. The average number of fluorescent lymph node was 14.2±6.1. The average developing time of fluorescence was (36.2±3.7) minutes. The average number of harvested lymph nodes was 22.4±8.2. There was no extravasation of imaging agent during the operation, and there were no intraoperative complications such as allergies, massive abdominal bleeding, peripheral organ damage, etc. Operative time was (113.1±10.7) minutes, blood loss during operation was (22.4±3.9) ml, ambulatory time was (1.2±0.4) days, time to the first flatus was (1.7±0.7) days, time to the first fluid diet was (0.7±0.4) days, and postoperative hospital stay was (5.8±1.5) days. No operation-associated complications such as anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic leakage, peritoneal bleeding, peritoneal infection, incision infection occurred after operation. Conclusion:ICG injection through accessory incision in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy is safe and feasible.

Objective To study the levels of antibodies against bordetella pertussis among pregnant women and neonates in Beijing. Method From December 2016 to March 2017, pregnant women and their newborns from three women and children′s hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in this study. 3 ml of venous blood from the mothers and 3 ml of umbilical cord blood from neonates were drawn.Pertussis bacillus IgG antibody (PER-IgG) and pertussis toxin IgG antibody (PT-IgG) were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. χ2 test was used to compare the positive rate of pertussis IgG antibodies in maternal and cord blood in the three hospitals. Correlational analyses of the antibodies levels in each hospital were conducted. The demographic characteristics, history of cough during pregnancy and history of DTaP vaccination of the mothers were collected via questionnaires. Result A total of 612 pairs of venous blood and cord blood samples were collected, including 4 mothers delivered twins and 616 cases of cord blood sample were collected. No history of pertussis were found in the 612 mothers. Among the 616 cases of umbilical cord blood, positive rate of PER-IgG was 13.3％ (82/616), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.5％ (3/616). Among 612 cases of venous blood from the mothers, positive rate of PER-IgG was 7.7％ (47/612), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.3％ (2/612). Positive rates of PER-IgG and PT-IgG in the mothers′ venous blood were not correlated with their residences (P=0.676 and 0.544). Positive rates of PER-IgG (r=0.842, P<0.001) and PT-IgG (r=0.619, P<0.001) in the mothers′ blood were positively correlated with the positive rate in umbilical cord blood. Conclusion This study shows that the positive rate of PER-IgG is very low in the maternal and umbilical cord blood in Beijing. Positive correlations of PER-IgG and PT-IgG between mother and umbilical cord blood were existed. Most mothers and their newborns do not have enough protection against pertussis.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of the medial approach "four-step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data of 157 colorectal cancer patients undergoing the medial approach "four-step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure at Gastrointestinal Surgical Department of Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 157 cases, 17 were transverse colon cancer, 94 were descending colon cancer, 25 were sigmoid cancer and 21 were rectal cancer; 89 were male and 68 were female; mean age was (61.8±10.3) years and mean body mass index was (23.2±3.7) kg/m². The medial approach "four-step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure was performed as follows: (1) The root vessels were treated with the "provocation" technique to expand the Toldt′s gap. This expansion was extended from the lateral side to the peritoneum reflex of left colonic sulcus, from the caudal side to the posterior rectal space, and from the cephalad side to the lower edge of pancreas. (2) The left colonic sulcus was mobilized, converging with the posterior Toldt′s gap. Mobilization was carried out from cephalad side to descending colon flexure, freeing and cutting phrenicocolic ligament and splenocolic ligament, and from caudal side to peritoneal reflex. (3) Gastrocolic ligament was moblized. Whether to enter the great curvature of stomach omentum arch when the gastrocolic ligament was cut, that was, whether to clean the fourth group of lymph nodes, should be according to the tumor site and whether serosal layer was invaded. (4) Transverse mesocolon was moblized and transected at the lower edge of the pancreatic surface, merging with the posterior Toldt′s gap, and from lateral side to lower edge of the pancreatic body, merging with the lateral left paracolonic sulcus. Safety and short-term clinical efficacy of this surgical procedure was summarized. Results: All the patients completed this procedure. During operation, 3 cases were complicated with organ injury, including 1 case of colon injury, 1 case of spleen injury and 1 case of pancreas injury. No operative death and conversion to open surgery was found. The average operation time was (147.5±35.1) minutes, the average intra-operative blood loss was (40.8±32.7) ml and the average number of harvested lymph node was (16.1±5.8), including (4.0±2.3) of positive lymph nodes. The first exhaust time after surgery was (41.3±20.6) hours, the fluid intake time was (1.5±1.3) days, the postoperative hospital stay was (5.2±2.3) days. Eight (5.1%) cases developed postoperative complications, and all were improved and discharged after conservative treatments. According to the TNM classification system, postoperative pathology revealed that 31 patients were stage I, 51 were stage II, 53 were stage III, 22 were stage IV. Conclusion The medial approach "four-step method" is safe and feasible, which can effectively decrease the operation difficulty of the laparoscopic mobilization of the splenic flexure.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of the medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data of 157 colorectal cancer patients undergoing the medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure at Gastrointestinal Surgical Department of Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 157 cases, 17 were transverse colon cancer, 94 were descending colon cancer, 25 were sigmoid cancer and 21 were rectal cancer; 89 were male and 68 were female; mean age was (61.8±10.3) years and mean body mass index was (23.2±3.7) kg/m2. The medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure was performed as follows: (1) The root vessels were treated with the "provocation"technique to expand the Toldt′s gap. This expansion was extended from the lateral side to the peritoneum reflex of left colonic sulcus, from the caudal side to the posterior rectal space, and from the cephalad side to the lower edge of pancreas. (2) The left colonic sulcus was mobilized, converging with the posterior Toldt′s gap. Mobilization was carried out from cephalad side to descending colon flexure, freeing and cutting phrenicocolic ligament and splenocolic ligament, and from caudal side to peritoneal reflex. (3) Gastrocolic ligament was moblized. Whether to enter the great curvature of stomach omentum arch when the gastrocolic ligament was cut, that was, whether to clean the fourth group of lymph nodes, should be according to the tumor site and whether serosal layer was invaded. (4) Transverse mesocolon was moblized and transected at the lower edge of the pancreatic surface, merging with the posterior Toldt′s gap, and from lateral side to lower edge of the pancreatic body, merging with the lateral left paracolonic sulcus. Safety and short?term clinical efficacy of this surgical procedure was summarized. Results All the patients completed this procedure. During operation, 3 cases were complicated with organ injury, including 1 case of colon injury, 1 case of spleen injury and 1 case of pancreas injury. No operative death and conversion to open surgery was found. The average operation time was (147.5±35.1) minutes, the average intra?operative blood loss was (40.8±32.7) ml and the average number of harvested lymph node was (16.1±5.8), including (4.0±2.3) of positive lymph nodes. The first exhaust time after surgery was (41.3±20.6) hours, the fluid intake time was (1.5 ± 1.3) days, the postoperative hospital stay was (5.2 ± 2.3) days. Eight (5.1%) cases developed postoperative complications, and all were improved and discharged after conservative treatments. According to the TNM classification system, postoperative pathology revealed that 31 patients were stage I, 51 were stage II, 53 were stage III, 22 were stage IV. Conclusion The medial approach "four?step method" is safe and feasible, which can effectively decrease the operation difficulty of the laparoscopic mobilization of the splenic flexure.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of the medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data of 157 colorectal cancer patients undergoing the medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure at Gastrointestinal Surgical Department of Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 157 cases, 17 were transverse colon cancer, 94 were descending colon cancer, 25 were sigmoid cancer and 21 were rectal cancer; 89 were male and 68 were female; mean age was (61.8±10.3) years and mean body mass index was (23.2±3.7) kg/m2. The medial approach "four?step method" in the laparoscopic mobilization of splenic flexure was performed as follows: (1) The root vessels were treated with the "provocation"technique to expand the Toldt′s gap. This expansion was extended from the lateral side to the peritoneum reflex of left colonic sulcus, from the caudal side to the posterior rectal space, and from the cephalad side to the lower edge of pancreas. (2) The left colonic sulcus was mobilized, converging with the posterior Toldt′s gap. Mobilization was carried out from cephalad side to descending colon flexure, freeing and cutting phrenicocolic ligament and splenocolic ligament, and from caudal side to peritoneal reflex. (3) Gastrocolic ligament was moblized. Whether to enter the great curvature of stomach omentum arch when the gastrocolic ligament was cut, that was, whether to clean the fourth group of lymph nodes, should be according to the tumor site and whether serosal layer was invaded. (4) Transverse mesocolon was moblized and transected at the lower edge of the pancreatic surface, merging with the posterior Toldt′s gap, and from lateral side to lower edge of the pancreatic body, merging with the lateral left paracolonic sulcus. Safety and short?term clinical efficacy of this surgical procedure was summarized. Results All the patients completed this procedure. During operation, 3 cases were complicated with organ injury, including 1 case of colon injury, 1 case of spleen injury and 1 case of pancreas injury. No operative death and conversion to open surgery was found. The average operation time was (147.5±35.1) minutes, the average intra?operative blood loss was (40.8±32.7) ml and the average number of harvested lymph node was (16.1±5.8), including (4.0±2.3) of positive lymph nodes. The first exhaust time after surgery was (41.3±20.6) hours, the fluid intake time was (1.5 ± 1.3) days, the postoperative hospital stay was (5.2 ± 2.3) days. Eight (5.1%) cases developed postoperative complications, and all were improved and discharged after conservative treatments. According to the TNM classification system, postoperative pathology revealed that 31 patients were stage I, 51 were stage II, 53 were stage III, 22 were stage IV. Conclusion The medial approach "four?step method" is safe and feasible, which can effectively decrease the operation difficulty of the laparoscopic mobilization of the splenic flexure.

Objective: To investigate the value and feasibility of C reactive protein (CRP) in predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer patients with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for safer implementation of this ERAS. Methods: A cohort study on serum CRP of 455 rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection according to the ERAS procedure at Gastrointestinal Unit of General Surgery Department, Guangdong General Hospital from August 2014 to June 2017 was retrospectively carried out. The serum CRP level was measured before operation and at postoperative days 1-7, and the serum CRP level of the groups with and without anastomotic leakage was compared to analyze its prediction for anastomotic leakage. Diagnostic standard of anastomotic leakage was based on the definition of postoperative anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer from International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) : (1) Postoperative localized or diffuse peritonitis occurred, or fecal liquid was found from the abdominal drainage tube; (2) When anastomotic leakage was uncertain, peritoneal or pelvic computed tomography scan should be used to confirm. Results: All the 455 patients underwent surgery successfully, and 41 patients (9.0%) had anastomotic leakage postoperatively. Patients with anastomotic leakage were diagnosed (4.0 ± 2.0) days postoperatively, of whom 8 cases (19.5%) were diagnosed more than 5 days postoperatively. Serum CRP levels in patients with anastomotic leakage continued to increase within 1-4 days postoperatively[ (50.04 ± 27.98) mg/L to (122.75 ± 52.98) mg/L]and decreased 5 days postoperatively[ (92.02 ± 58.26) mg/L], both were higher than those of non-anastomotic leakage group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05, except postoperative day 2) . The serum CRP level of non-anastomotic leakage group reached the peak on the second postoperative day[ (83.10 ± 37.45) mg/L] and decreased 3 days postoperatively[ (48.01 ± 27.59) mg/L]. The ROC curve was drawn with the anastomotic leakage as the state variable, and the CRP level as the detection variable. The area under the curve (AUC) at postoperative 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days was 0.74, 0.58, 0.83, 0.82, 0.65, and 0.70, respectively. The maximum was at postoperative day 3[0.93 (95%CI: 0.86-0.99) ]. The Youden index was 0.72, and the threshold of CRP was 80.09 mg/L, as the cut-off point to predict anastomotic leakage, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 79.3%, 92.3%, and 74.2%, respectively. Conclusions Monitoring the postoperative serum CRP level can help predict the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. When the serum CRP level is > 80.09 mg/L on the third postoperative day, the CRP level has the largest value in predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage, and the safety of ERAS has a certain clinical significance as well.

Objective To compare the effect of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) and open D2 radical gastrectomy (OG) for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 117 patients who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy at the Guangdong General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2014 were collected.Of 117 patients,60 undergoing LAG and 57 undergoing OG were respectively allocated into the LAG group and OG group.Total gastrectomy,distal subtotal gastrectomy and proximal subtotal gastrectomy were performed according to the location of the tumor.The perigastric lymph nodes dissection was performed according to the Japanese " Gastric cancer treatment protocol" (the 14th edition).Eligible patients received the adjuvant chemotherapy of XELOX regimen according to the Guideline published by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).Observation indicators:(1) comparison of intra-and postoperative recovery between groups;(2) stratified analysis of number of lymph node dissected;(3) relationship among surgical method,number of lymph node dissected and postoperative complication;(4) follow-up and survival.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,tumor-free survival and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to December 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)± s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent-sample t test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The relationship between number of lymph node dissected and postoperative complication was done using the Logistic regression model.Results (1) Comparison of intra-and post-operative recovery between groups:all the patients completed the operation successfully.Volume of intraoperative blood loss,time to postoperative anal exsufflation and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (113±36) mL,(4.3±2.1) days,(9.7±2.9) days in the LAG group and (209 ± 77) mL,(5.3 ± 2.2) days,(11.2 ± 3.9) days in the OG group,respectively,with statistically significant differences between groups (t =6.850,-2.604,-2.405,P＜0.05).Number of lymph node dissected,numbers of patients with overall complication,incisional infection,intestinal obstruction,digestive tract fistula,intra-abdominal bleeding,cardiovascular accident,pulmonary infection,urinary tract infection and death within postoperative 30 days were respectively 31±7,6,1,0,4,0,0,1,0,0 in the LAG group and 34±6,12,0,1,2,2,1,4,1,1 in the OG group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t=0.177,x2=2.743,0.126,0.563,0.837,P＞0.05).All the patients with complications received symptomatic treatment,1 patient with abdominal bleeding in the OG group died and other patients recovered smoothly.(2) Stratified analysis of number of lymph node dissected:number of lymph node dissected in patients with total gastrectomy,distal subtotal gastrectomy and proximal subtotal gastrectomy were 35±8,29±5,27±4 in the LAG group and 34± 5,34±6,29±6 in the OG group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t =0.846,1.052,0.934,P＞0.05).Number of lymph node dissected in patients with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of TNM staging were respectively 31±5,32±9,31±6 in the LAG group and 34±7,32±4,35±6 in the OG group,with no statistically significant difference between groups (t =0.494,1.657,0.136,P＞0.05).(3) Relationship among surgical method,number of lymph node dissected and postoperative complication:surgical method (LAG and OG) and number of lymph node dissected were used as the independent variable and postoperative complication between groups was used as the dependent variable,the Logistic regression model showed that surgical method and number of lymph node dissected were not related factors affecting the postoperative complication (OR =1.062,2.049,95％ confidence interval:0.998-1.140,0.695-6.042,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up and survival:108 of 117 patients (54 in each group) were followed up for 2-35 months,with a median time of 28 months.During the follow-up,numbers of patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,with tumor-free survival and with tumor recurrence were 45,43,10 in the LAG group and 42,42,10 in the OG group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference in the tumor-free survival and tumor recurrence between groups (x2 =0.055,0.002,P＞0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy is safe and feasible,which equivalent to clinical effect of open radical gastrectomy,meanwhile,it also can reduce volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay,and accelerate recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.

Objective To explore the imaging appearances and the value of multi-slice CT (MSCT)with post-processing tech-niques in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar hernia (LH).Methods The imaging and clinical data of 1 6 patients with LH which were confirmed by surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 1 6 patients,1 7 lesions of LH were revealed by MSCT.There were superior lumbar hernias in 13 (76.5%),inferior lumbar hernias in 3 (1 7.6%)and diffuse lumbar hernia in 1 (5.9%).Hernia ring in diameter ranged from 1.5 to 9.3 cm,and the hernia sac size ranged from 1.8 cm×2.4 cm to 1 1.3 cm× 6.2 cm.MSCT showed oval or flask shaped mass of extraperitioneal fat with or without peritoneum and visceral contents protruded through the de-fecting fascia floor into lumbar triangle.Superior lumbar hernia was bounded by the 12th rib superiorly,the erector spine muscle medially and the internal oblique muscle laterally.Inferior lumbar hernia was bounded by latissimus dorsi muscle medially,the ex-ternal oblique muscle laterally and the iliac crest inferiorly.Hernia contents included colon in 3 patients and small bowel in 2 with in-carcerated hernia with small bowel obstruction in 1,and adipose tissue and mesentery in other 12.All patients received surgery treatment,and the appropriate surgical methods were selected according to the MSCT findings.The surgical findings were consistent with MSCT results.No recurrence was found during follow-up.Conclusion LH has characteristic CT manifestations.MSCT volu-metric scanning with post-processing techniques can clearly display the type of LH,the size of abdominal wall defect,hernia contents and their complications.It is helpful for diagnosis of the LH and differentiation from other diseases,which may provide important information for clinical surgery.