OBJECTIVE: By analyzing the hormone secretion of the adenohypophysis, thyroid glands, gonads, and adrenal cortex in patients with hematological diseases before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), this study aims to preliminarily explore the effect of HSCT on patients' hormone secretion and glandular damage. METHODS: The baseline data of 209 hematological disease patients who underwent HSCT in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2023, as well as the data on the levels of hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis, thyroid glands, gonads and adrenal cortex before and after HSCT were collected, and the changes in hormone levels before and after transplantation were analyzed. RESULTS: After allogeneic HSCT, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and estradiol (E2) decreased, while the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) increased. The T3 level of patients with decreased TSH after transplantation was lower than that of those with increased TSH after transplantation. In female patients, the levels of prolactin (PRL), progesterone (Prog), and testosterone (Testo) decreased after HSCT. Testo and PRL decreased when there was a donor-recipient sex mismatch, and the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) decreased when the HLA matching was haploidentical. The levels of T3, FT3, and PRL decreased after autologous HSCT. In allogeneic HSCT patients, the levels of TSH, T4, T3, FT3, and ACTH in the group with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were significantly lower than those in the group without GVHD. Logistic regression analysis showed the changes in hormone levels after transplantation were not correlated with factors such as the patient's sex, age, or whether the blood types of the donor and the recipient are the same. CONCLUSION HSCT can affect the endocrine function of patients with hematological diseases, mainly affecting target glandular organs such as the thyroid, gonads, and adrenal glands, while the secretory function of the adenohypophysis is less affected.
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Male ; Hematologic Diseases/blood* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood* ; Triiodothyronine/blood* ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood* ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism* ; Estradiol/blood* ; Thyrotropin/blood* ; Gonads/metabolism* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood* ; Hormones/metabolism* ; Adrenal Cortex/metabolism* ; Prolactin

HSP90 is a widely distributed molecular chaperone that participates in a variety of cellular processes and plays an important role in the meiosis of germ cells. However, its role in the gonadal development of hermaphroditic Whitmania pigra is not yet clear. To explore the effect of HSP90 on the germ cell development of Wh. Pigra, this study cloned the wpHSP90 gene, performed bioinformatics analysis, and measured its expression levels. The results showed that the cloned wpHSP90 was 2 592 bp in length, with an open reading frame(ORF) of 2 373 bp, encoding 790 amino acids. Prediction analysis revealed 85 phosphorylation modification sites on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of the wpHSP90 protein. Structural domain prediction and multiple sequence alignment results showed that wpHSP90 contained two conserved domains of HSP90 and exhibited the highest homology with Helobdella robusta, with a sequence similarity of 80.72%. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression level of wpHSP90 in the gonads of 5-month-old Wh. pigra was positively correlated with temperature within the range of 12 ℃ to 28 ℃. The expression level in the female gonads was significantly higher than in the male gonads and correlated with the trend of germ cell development in the ovaries and testes. In conclusion, wpHSP90 may be involved in regulating the development of germ cells, particularly oocytes, in Wh. pigra. This study provides a reference for further research on the gonadal development mechanism in Wh. pigra.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Temperature ; Ovary ; Gonads ; Testis ; Leeches ; Cloning, Molecular

染色质许可和DNA复制因子1（Cdt1）是复制起始许可的主要调控因子，也是组成复制前复合物的核心成员。细胞通过依赖Cdt1的波动水平，且在每个周期中通过调节其总量以确保DNA仅复制一次。Cdt1功能缺陷会造成DNA过度复制，最终导致基因组不稳定。虽然酵母中cdt1和人类Meier-Gorlin综合征（MGS）患者中的CDT1已被广泛研究，但缺乏脊椎动物模型。我们发现在硬骨鱼类分支的几个鲤形目物种（包括斑马鱼）中，Cdt1蛋白在其N末端插入一段其他脊椎动物中没有的独特无序序列。通过分析在cdt1基因中携带移码缺失的遗传性斑马鱼突变体（命名为cdt1^zju1 ），我们发现突变胚胎虽然几乎无任何早期胚胎表型异常，但成年突变斑马鱼却表现出侏儒症、生存能力降低的症状，以及性腺发育不全且不育。此外，我们同样发现除转录本cdt1-201外，斑马鱼还存在第二个cdt1转录本——cdt1-202，它是通过跳过外显子2产生，这在其他生物中暂无报道。有意思的是cdt1-202在cdt1-201纯合突变体中显著上调。上述研究结果表明，cdt1-202转录本可能可以补偿cdt1-201在早期发育过程中的功能损失，但不能补偿后期生长，这可支持斑马鱼作为研究人类MGS的遗传模型。
Animals ; Humans ; Zebrafish ; Growth Disorders ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Gonads

Protein kinase C(PKC) is a type of protein kinase widely involved in cell proliferation and development, but the developmental mechanism in the gonads of androgynous animals is still unclear. In order to explore the role of protein kinase C in the development of Whitmania pigra germ cells, the Wh. pigra PKC(Wp-PKC) gene was cloned, bioinformatics analysis was conducted, and fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of female and male gonads. The results showed that:(1)The cloned Wp-PKC had a full length of 2 580 bp, a relative molecular weight of 76 555.19, and contains an open reading frame encoding 670 amino acids, Wp-PKC was closely related to Danio rerio PKC-α and rat PKC-γ. The similarity of amino acid sequence was 55% and 58%.(2)The protein encoded by Wp-PKC had no signal peptide and was a hydrophilic protein. The secondary structure is mainly composed of random coils, α-helices, extended chains, folds and folds, with the largest proportion of random coils and α-helices. Wp-PKC protein does not contain a transmembrane domain. Multiple sequence alignment and domain prediction analysis show that Wp-PKC contains 4 conserved domains of classical protein kinase C.(3)Fluorescence quantitative results showed that the expression of Wp-PKC in Wh. pigra gonads was positively correlated with the development of germ cells, and the expression in male gonads was significantly higher than that in female gonads. In summary, Wp-PKC is a classic PKC, and Wp-PKC may promote the development of Wh. pigra, especially the development of male gonads, and provide references for further research on the developmental mechanisms of Wh. pigra.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Gonads ; Leeches/genetics* ; Male ; Ovary ; Protein Kinase C/genetics* ; Rats

Protein kinase C(PKC) is a kind of kinase which is widely involved in cell proliferation and development. PKC(Wp-PKC) in Whitmania pigra body belongs to classic PKC. In order to investigate the effect of Wp-PKC on the development of Wh. pigra germ cells, 17β-estradiol(17β-E2)(100 ng·mL~(-1)) and methyltestosterone(MT)(150 μg·L~(-1)), 150 μg·L~(-1)(MT)+0.5 mg·L~(-1) PKC, 0.5 mg·L~(-1) PKC inhibitor were added to Wh. pigra culture water, and no addition group(control group) was added, and the effects on the development of Wh. pigra germ cells and the expression of Wp-PKC were observed. The results showed that: Wp-PKC in male gonads was always higher than that in female gonads; MT promoted the development of male gonads in Wh. pigra, while the expression of Wp-PKC was significantly higher than that in the control; 17β-E2 promoted the development of female gonads in Wh. pigra and Wp-PKC expression significantly lower than that of the control; while the development of the female and male gonads in the PKC inhibitor group was inhibited, the expression of Wp-PKC was significantly lower than that of the control. In summary, Wp-PKC may promote the development of Wh. pigra, especially the development of male gonads.
Animals ; Estradiol ; Female ; Gonads ; Leeches ; Male ; Methyltestosterone ; Ovary

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dynamic molecular expression characteristics of single cell RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in the development of mouse embryonic hematopoitic stem cells (HSCs), and obtain the functional research target RNA splicing factor--Mbnl1, to clarify the function of Mbnl1 involved in regulating mouse embryonic HSC development. METHODS: Bioinformatics was used to analyze the single-cell transcriptome data of mouse embryos during HSC development, and the single-cell RBP dynamic molecular expression maps in HSC development was obtained. Mbnl1 was obtained by combining differential analysis and literature research screening. The Mbnl1-knockout mouse model was constructed by the CRISPER/Cas9 technology. Aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and yolk sac (YS) tissue in two genotype embryos of Mbnl1 RESULTS: The in vitro CFU-C experiment of hematopoietic cells preliminarily indicated that there was no significant difference in the number of cell colonies in AGM region and YS transformed by the two genotypes of Mbnl1 CONCLUSION Through functional experiments in vivo and in vitro, it has been confirmed that knockout of the RNA splicing factor--Mbnl1 does not affect the development of HSPC in AGM region of mouse embryo.
Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gonads ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Mesonephros ; Mice ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Yolk Sac

Amenorrhea ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Cohort Studies ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Gonads ; Humans ; Korea ; Menopause ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paclitaxel ; Retrospective Studies ; Tamoxifen

Anorexia nervosa (AN) affects 2.9 million people, many of whom experience bone loss and increased fracture risk. In this article, we review data on the underlying pathophysiology of AN-related osteoporosis and possible approaches to disease management. Available research suggests that low body weight and decreased gonadal function are the strongest predictors of bone loss and fractures in patients with AN. Additionally, other metabolic disturbances have been linked to bone loss, including growth hormone resistance, low leptin concentrations, and hypercortisolemia, but those correlations are less consistent and lack evidence of causality. In terms of treatment of AN-related bone disease, weight gain has the most robust impact on bone mineral density (BMD). Restoration of gonadal function seems to augment this effect and may independently improve BMD. Bisphosphonates, insulin-like growth factor 1 supplementation, and teriparatide may also be reasonable considerations, however need long-term efficacy and safety data.
Anorexia Nervosa ; Anorexia ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases ; Diphosphonates ; Disease Management ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Gonads ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Leptin ; Osteoporosis ; Teriparatide ; Weight Gain

Two American Cocker Spaniels and one Bichon Frise were presented to our veterinary teaching hospital with an enlarged clitoris. Diagnostic imaging showed that the structure was composed of bony material. Exploratory laparotomy revealed uterine-like structures and testes which had an epididymis unilaterally. Surgical removal of internal genitalia, gonads and protruded clitoris were performed well. Histological evaluation revealed; inactive testes, female internal genital tracts with ambisexual ductal remnants, and prominent ossification in the clitoris. All 3 cases were diagnosed with male pseudohermaphroditism. In author's knowledge, this is the first report in Bichon Frise dog with os clitoris and also, it describes not common cases in small dog breeds with os clitoris.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; Animals ; Clitoris ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Dogs ; Epididymis ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gonads ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Testis

The objectives of study were to explore the effects of exogenous methyltestosterone( MT) on the growth and gonadal development of overwintering Whitmania pigra. Before overwintering,0. 1,1. 0,10. 0,100. 0,150. 0 μg·L^-1 of MT were added to the aquaculture water for 6 weeks. The changes of growth performance,gonad index,endogenous steroid hormones level and internal quality were measured after hibernate for 60 days. Then the tissue slice technique was used to observe the spermary( ovary) of Wh. pigra.The results showed that the body weight,survival rate and gonadal index increased first and then decreased with the increase of exogenous MT concentration; the male gland index was found the highest at the concentration of MT 10. 0 μg·L^-1 and the female gland index was the highest at the concentration of MT 1. 0 μg·L^-1. The survival rate of Wh. pigra peaked at the concentration of MT 10. 0 μg·L^-1.The weight reaches a peak at a concentration of MT 100. 0 μg·L^-1( P<0. 05). The number of primary spermatocytes in the testis was negatively correlated with the concentration of exogenous MT. The number of secondary spermatocytes and sperm cells increased first and then decreased. The concentration of secondary spermatocytes was the highest when the concentration of MT was 100. 0 μg·L^-1.The number and volume of oocytes in the ovary and the yolk granules increased first and then decreased with the increase of exogenous MT concentration,and the highest was observed at the MT concentration of 100. 0 μg·L^-1. The endogenous steroid hormone of Wh.pigra increased first and then decreased with the increase of exogenous MT concentration. The concentration of androgen and progesterone was the highest in MT 100. 0 μg·L^-1 treatment( P<0. 05),and the concentration of estrogen was found the highest in MT 10. 0 μg·L^-1 treatment( P<0. 05). After adding exogenous MT,Wh. pigra moisture content,acid-insoluble ash content,p H and anti-thrombin activity met the quality criterion of medicinal Wh. pigra in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). In conclusion,the short-term addition of 1. 0-100. 0 μg·L^-1 exogenous MT before hibernation can promote the growth,the development of sperm cells and the antithrombin activity of Wh. pigra.
Animals ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonads ; Leeches/physiology* ; Male ; Methyltestosterone ; Ovary ; Progesterone