The optimal condition for Moringa oleifera root barks extraction was determined using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken Design. The actual optimal condition of the factors was 65 o C, ethanol 60%, 40 (mL/g) liquid-to-solid ratio with 240 minutes extraction time. The enrichment of phenolic compounds sharply affected the antioxidant, and inhibitions of α-amylase enzyme, as well as, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from M. oleifera root barks. The extract in the optimal condition exhibited better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory activities than those of positive controls.Also, the extract showed weak hydroxyl free radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effects. These revealed a simple and promising method for the preparation of bioactive products from the root bark of M. oleifera.

Endophytic fungi are promising sources for the production of podophyllotoxin-an important anticancer compound, replacing depleted medical plants. In this study, the endophytes associated with Dysosma difformis-an ethnomedicinal plant species were isolated to explore novel sources of podophyllotoxin. Fifty-three endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by morphological observation and ITS-based rDNA sequencing, assigning them to 27 genera in 3 divisions. Fusarium was found the most prevalent genus with a colonization frequency of 11.11%, followed by Trametes (9.26%) and Penicillium (7.41%). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the endophytic fungi community in two collection sites, Ha Giang and Lai Chau, revealing the adaptation of the species to the specific tissues and habitats. Cytotoxic activity of endophytic fungal extracts was investigated on cancer cell lines such as SK-LU-1, HL-60, and HepG2, demonstrating strong anti-cancer activity of six isolates belonging to Penicillium, Trametes, Purpureocillium, Aspergillus, and Ganoderma with IC 50 value of lower than 10 10 µg/mL. The presence of podophyllotoxin was indicated in Penicillium, Trametes, Aspergillus and for the first time in Purpureocillium and Ganoderma via high-performance liquid chromatography, which implied them as a potential source of this anticancer compound.

Background: The intracranial hemorrhage (lCH) in infant due to vitamin K deficiency were been informed a lot at all over the world since the year of 80's. In Viet Nam, in recent years, this disease still most occurs which account for 110-130 children/100000 alive infant. The intracranial hemorrhage (lCH) in infant causes severe neurological, psychiatric sequelae. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of epilepsy, changing of electroencephalogram and lesions of brain after intracranial hemorrhage in infant. Subjects and method:A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 97 infant patients with the age ranged from 8 days to 3 months years old whom treated in National Hospital for Peadiatric. Results: Epilepsy was common (45.3%), with generalized seizures in 24.7% , partial seizures in 20.6%. The main intracranial lesions were cerebral cyst and atrophy in right or left hemisphere or both sides. Electroencephalic activity was found impaired in most of patients: Disorder of background waves in 19.6 %, low localized waves in 31%, proxystic ativity with spike in 45.3% and decrease in electroencephalographic amplitude in cystic areas. Conclusion: The epilepsy, abnormal electroencephalographic activities, severe lesions of brain were common after intracranial hemorrhage in infant.
Intracranial Hemorrhages/ diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Infant