OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Polygala tenuifolia compatibility on toxicity， anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of sand-ironing Strychnos nux-vomica （SS）. METHODS The preparation of SS single decoction， SS-P. tenuifolia core-removed （PC） （1∶2.5） or （1∶5） combined decoction， and SS-PC （1∶5） mixture were carried out to investigate their median lethal dose （LD50）. Using aspirin as positive control， the number of writhing movements， analgesic rate， pain latency， ear swelling degree and inflammation inhibition rate induced by the above-mentioned medicinal liquids in mice were compared. The contents of the active and toxic components， strychnine and brucine， in the above-mentioned medicinal liquids were also determined. RESULTS The LD50 values of SS single decoction， SS-PC （1∶2.5） combined decoction， SS-PC （1∶5） combined decoction and SS- PC （1∶5） mixture were 302.00， 614.47， 1 445.44 and 1 778.28 mg/kg， respectively. Compared with control group， the number of writhing movements and ear swelling degree in the mice of the above-mentioned medicinal liquid groups were reduced or decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； pain latency [at 90 and 120 minutes in the SS single decoction group， at 60 and 90 minutes in the SS-PC （1∶2.5） combined decoction group， and at 60，90， 120 minutes in the SS-PC （1∶5） combined decoction group and SS-PC （1∶5） mixture group] was significantly prolonged （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； analgesic rates of the respective medicinal liquids were 39.30%， 70.87%， 80.00% and 82.46%， and inflammation inhibition rates were 38.08%，TD 57.89%， 76.47% and 50.46%； analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of combined decoction and mixture were generally better than those of the single decoction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the above-mentioned four medicinal liquids， the total contents of strychnine were 0.71%， 0.42%， 0.47% and 0.64%， and the total contents of brucine were 0.88%， 0.63%， 0.57% and 0.88%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of P. tenuifolia can reduce the toxicity of SS and enhance its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Moreover， there is a tendency for the toxicity-reducing and efficacy-enhancing effects to increase with the increasing dosage of P. tenuifolia. Additionally， the combined decoction of SS and P. tenuifolia can reduce the contents of the active and toxic components， strychnine and brucine， in SS.

Objective: To investigate the differences in three-dimensional maxillary and palatal parameters as well as midpalatal suture maturation stages between Skeletal Class I malocclusion patients with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) and normal maxillary transverse development, in order to provide clinical guidance for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment Methods: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and informed consent was obtained. Cone-bean CT data from 66 Skeletal Class I malocclusion patients [22 males, 44 females; age (14.39 ± 1.68) years] were analyzed. Based on Yonsei University width analysis, participants were divided into two groups: the maxillary transverse deficiency group [n = 33, age (14.34 ± 1.99) years] and the maxillary transverse normal group [n = 33, age (14.43 ± 1.33) years]. Parameters compared included midpalatal suture maturation stages (A-E), maxillary skeletal width on nasal floor (NF) and maxillary skeletal width on hard palate (HP), maxillary arch width on buccal alveolar crest (BAC) and maxillary arch width on lingual alveolar crest (LAC), palatal vault height, palatal bone thickness, palatal length, surface area, and volume Results: The proportion of patients with palatal suture maturity at stages D+E in the maxillary transverse deficiency group (33%, 11/33) was lower than that in the normal maxillary transverse development group (45%, 15/33), showing no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to the maxillary transverse normal group, significant reductions were observed in the maxillary transverse deficiency group for maxillary widths [NF: (67.63 ± 3.74) mm vs. (71.49 ± 5.11) mm; HP: (64.60 ± 3.53) mm vs. (68.40 ± 4.64) mm], dental arch widths [BAC: (56.88 ± 2.25) mm vs. (59.81 ± 2.71) mm; LAC: (33.90 ± 1.89) mm vs. (36.91 ± 2.20) mm], and palatal surface area [(1 170.80 ± 126.48) mm2 vs. (1 264.76 ± 140.10) mm2]. No significant differences were noted in palatal height, bone thickness, length, or volume. Conclusion Skeletal Class I malocclusion patients with MTD have narrowed maxillary and dental arch widths, reduced palatal surface area, and delayed midpalatal suture maturation. Early maxillary expansion is recommended to harmonize jaw relationship.

Objective To explore the occurrence and development trajectories of symptoms at different time points in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), and to analyze the influencing factors and preventive measures of development trajectories of AP symptom clusters. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select AP who were admitted from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and included in the study. The symptoms at different time points were recorded. The severities of symptom clusters in AP patients were explored, and the development trajectories of main symptom clusters were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of development trajectories of symptom clusters in AP patients. Results The incidence rates of abdominal pain, dry mouth, abdominal distension and lack of energy were higher in AP patients during hospitalization. The incidence rates of lack of energy, anxiety, abdominal pain and sleep disturbance were higher on the 1^st month after discharge. The incidence rates of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, sleep disturbance and anxiety were higher on the 3^rd month after discharge. The incidence rates of anxiety, abdominal pain and irritability were higher on the 6^th month after discharge. The fatigue symptom cluster, psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted during hospitalization and on the 1^st month and the 3^rd month after discharge, and the psychological symptom cluster and gastrointestinal symptom cluster were extracted on the 6^th month. The severity scores of symptom clusters at each time point were statistically different (P<0.05). The development of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients was mainly low decline. The development of psychological symptom cluster was mainly high decline. Drinking history and diabetes mellitus were the influencing factors of development trajectory of gastrointestinal symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). High disease severity, drinking history and biliary tract disease were the influencing factors of development trajectory of psychological symptom cluster in AP patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The symptom clusters of AP patients changes over time, with digestive, fatigue, and psychological symptoms being the main groups in the early stage, and psychological and digestive symptoms persisting in the later stage. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving the prognosis of AP patients.

Objective To construct a novel enzyme-free colorimetric biosensor(T-CHA)based on tri-ple-helix molecular probe(THMP)and catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA)reaction for visual detection and precise quantitative analysis of low-abundance alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).Methods The absorbance produced by AFP induced T-CHA system was recorded by gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to evaluate the feasibility of T-CHA strategy.The molar concentration ratio of THMP and CHA,reaction time of CHA,temperature and pH value of buffer solution were optimized respectively.The color reaction of T-CHA was induced by different concentrations of AFP to explore the detection efficiency of T-CHA.Results Under the op-timal experimental conditions,the logarithmic values of AFP at different concentrations showed a linear rela-tionship from 5 μg/mL to 10 ng/mL,and the detection limit was 2.29 μg/mL.The T-CHA system could com-plete accurate quantitative analysis of low abundance AFP and visual free-labeled detection within 105 min,moreover the sensitivity of T-CHA was superior to that of ELISA.Conclusion Utilizing the low background leakage of THMP and the high catalytic efficiency of CHA,the T-CHA system could realize the early accurate diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma,moreover which has a certain application prospect in the real time detec-tion.

A simple,rapid and efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction(MSPE)method was established by employing magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Fe3O4-MWCNTs)as adsorbents.And further,by coupling with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS),an accurate quantitative approach for analysis of 22 kinds of mycotoxins in agricultural products was developed.With Fe3O4-MWCNTs as MSPE adsorbents,the enrichment efficiency of various target fungal toxins was improved and the sample pretreatment time was reduced effectively.In the pre-treatment stage,the extraction solution,adsorbent type,adsorbent dosage and elution solution type were systematically optimized.Under the optimal pre-treatment conditions of MSPE,the methodological investigation of the method was carried out.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method showed a good linearity(R2≥0.9966),high sensitivity(The limits of detection(S/N=3)were 0.0008-1.6337 ng/g and the limits of quantification(S/N=10)were 0.0025-5.4457 ng/g),adequate recoveries(71.5%-118.4%),and good repeatability(Intra-day precision in the range of 1.3%-10.9%and inter-day precision in the range of 2.3%-11.6%).The improved MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS analytical method had advantages inculding simplicity,rapidity and high efficiency,and could realize simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins in large quantities of agricultural products.

Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of biological organisms,with inherent differences in composition and interactions with exogenous substances,known as cellular heterogeneity.Single cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(SC-ICP-MS)allows for the high-throughput introduction of individual cells,enabling the highly sensitive detection and quantification of elements within a single cell,thus effectively providing information on cellular heterogeneity.This review outlined the SC-ICP-MS sample preparation process for different types of cells(single-cell systems,aggregation-prone and adherent cell systems,animal tissues,and plant tissues),including steps such as separation,washing,and fixation,as well as the advantages and existing issues of the current sample introduction systems and quantification methods.The recent applications of SC-ICP-MS in detecting endogenous substances(endogenous elements and proteins),exogenous substances(heavy metals,metal-based drugs and nanoparticles),and the simultaneous detection of both endogenous and exogenous substances were summarized.Finally,the perspectives on the future development of SC-ICP-MS in analytical methods and application fields were presented,including the optimization of single-cell sample preparation,transport efficiency,evaluation standards of ionization efficiency,and the establishment of multiparametric cell analysis platforms.

Objective To detect the expression changes of interleukin-10(IL-10)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)during the development of deep vein thrombosis in mice,and to explore the application value of them in thrombus age estimation.Methods The mice in the experimental group were subjected to ligation of inferior vena cava.The mice were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia at 1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d and 21 d after ligation,respectively.The inferior vena cava segment with thrombosis was extracted below the ligation point.The mice in the control group were not ligated,and the inferior vena cava segment at the same position as the experimental group was extracted.The ex-pression changes of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC),Western blot-ting and real-time qPCR.Results IHC results revealed that IL-10 was mainly expressed in monocytes in thrombosis and TGF-β1 was mainly expressed in monocytes and fibroblast-like cells in thrombosis.Western blotting and real-time qPCR showed that the relative expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in each experimental group were higher than those in the control group.The mRNA and protein levels of IL-10 reached the peak at 7 d and 10 d after ligation,respectively.The mRNA expression level at 7 d after ligation was 4.72±0.15 times that of the control group,and the protein expression level at 10 d after ligation was 7.15±0.28 times that of the control group.The mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 reached the peak at 10 d and 14 d after ligation,respectively.The mRNA expression level at 10 d after ligation was 2.58±0.14 times that of the control group,and the protein expression level at 14 d after ligation was 4.34±0.19 times that of the control group.Conclusion The expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 during the evolution of deep vein thrombosis present time-dependent sequential changes,and the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 can provide a reference basis for thrombus age estimation.

The compliance of drug development and production directly affects the safety,effectiveness and quality control of drugs.In this paper,the situation of on-site inspection of pharmaceutical development in recent years was summarized,the common problems found in on-site inspection were analyzed in detail,and the ideas of compliance review were discussed in combination with typical cases,in order to provide references for research units to further improve the quality of pharmaceutical research and strengthen the quality management of pharmaceutical research.

Objective:To understand the awareness and influencing factors of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly population in China.Methods:The study included all participants aged ≥60 from the "13 th Five-Year" National Tuberculosis Control Plan end-term assessment in 2020, with 13 706 valid questionnaires obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly. Results:The total awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly aged ≥60 was 78.4%, with the highest for "suspicious symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis" (85.4%) and the lowest for "whether pulmonary tuberculosis can be cured" (65.3%). The complete awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in the elderly was 41.3%, and the proportion of those who received tuberculosis health education is 67.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that factors associated with low awareness of core information included females ( OR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00), ages 70- ( OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98) and ≥80 ( OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) and minority ethnicity ( OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99). Factors associated with high awareness of core information included educational levels of junior high school ( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.34-1.58), high school ( OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.45-1.81), junior college ( OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.68), and an undergraduate degree or higher ( OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.11), and receiving tuberculosis health education ( OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.97-2.27). Conclusions:In 2020, the awareness rate of core information on tuberculosis prevention and control in Chinese older adults aged ≥60 was lower than the national planning target. Therefore, there should be an increased focus on health education about tuberculosis for elderly females, those aged ≥70, ethnic minorities, and those with lower education levels.

Objective To establish a coronavirus(CoV)infection model using human nasal mucosa organoids for testing antiviral drugs and evaluate the feasibility of using human nasal mucosa organoids with viral infection as platforms for viral research and antiviral drug development.Methods Human nasal mucosa organoids were tested for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 pseudoviruses.In a P3 laboratory,nasal mucosa organoids were infected with the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and 4 variant strains,and the infection conditions were optimized.The viral loads in the culture supernatants were measured at different time points using RT-qPCR,and immunofluorescence assay was employed to localize SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to determine the type of the infected cells.In the optimized nasal mucosa viral infection model,the antiviral effects of camostat and bergamot extract(which were known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2)were tested and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored.Results In the optimized nasal mucosa organoid models infected with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 pseudoviruses,the viral load in the culture supernatants increased significantly during the period of 2 to 24 h following the infection,which confirmed infection of the organoids by both of the pseudoviruses.The nasal mucosa organoids could be stably infected by the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its 4 variant strains,validating successful establishment of the viral infection model,in which both camostat and bergamot extract exhibited dose-dependent antiviral effects.Conclusions Human nasal mucosa organoids with SARS-CoV-2 infection can serve as platforms for screening and testing antiviral drugs,particularly those intended for nasal administration.