Objective To compare the imaging characteristics and surgical methods of pulmonary nodules in the external 1/3 group and internal 2/3 group. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients who underwent thoracoscopic preoperative CT-guided lung nodule localization at the Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from September 2020 to April 2022 was conducted. Results A total of 215 patients were enrolled (247 pulmonary nodules), including 70 males and 145 females, with a median age of 48 years. Based on the location of the nodules under CT guidance, those located in the external 1/3 area of the lung were classified into an external 1/3 group, while those located in the middle 1/3 and inner 1/3 areas were classified into an internal 2/3 group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of general clinical data, nature of pulmonary nodules, distribution of pulmonary nodules in lobes, localization time, or localization complications (P>0.05). However, there were statistical differences in the distance of pulmonary nodules from the pleura [0.6 (0.0-1.9) cm vs. 1.8 (0.0-4.5) cm, P<0.001], size of pulmonary nodules [0.7 (0.2-1.8) cm vs. 1.0 (0.2-2.0) cm, P<0.001], and surgical methods (P=0.002). In the external 1/3 group, 92.1% of nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, while fewer patients underwent other procedures; in the internal 2/3 group, 77.1% of nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection, and 19.3% underwent segmentectomy. Conclusion The diameter of pulmonary nodules, the distance of pulmonary nodules from the pleura, and surgical methods differ between the external 1/3 group and internal 2/3 group. Thoracic surgeons can develop more precise surgical plans based on the location and size of pulmonary nodules.

Virus-related lymphoma exhibits a dual nature as both a hematologic malignancy and a viral infectious disease， making it more resistant to treatment and associated with poorer prognosis. This paper analyzes the understanding and therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in virus-related lymphoma. It proposes a TCM-based approach centered around syndrome differentiation， using standardized measurements of the overall TCM condition， multi-omics research of hematologic tumors， and artificial intelligence technologies to identify the "pre-condition" of virus-related lymphoma. A risk warning model will be established to early identify high-risk populations with viral infections that may develop into malignant lymphoma， thereby establishing a risk warning system for virus-related lymphoma. At the same time， a TCM health management approach will be applied to manage and regulate virus-related lymphoma， interrupting its progression and forming a human-centered， comprehensive， continuous health service model. Based on this， a standardized， integrated clinical prevention and treatment decision-making model for virus-related lymphoma， recognized by both Chinese and western medicine， will be established to provide TCM solutions for primary prevention of major malignant tumors.

Objective : To investigate the brain microvascular tissue block culture method for extracting primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and identify its effect. Methods : Brain tissue from 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats was screened, pre-digested and solidified to obtain brain microvascular segments. These segments were subsequently placed in a CO2incubator for primary culture. The target cells were identified by cell morphology and immunocytochemical staining for factor Ⅷ-related antigen. Results : After a 48-hour culture periodin vitro, the short spindle cells crawled out from around the brain microvascular segments. After 72 hours, island-like cell culsters formed. After 96 hours the clusters fused and the cells formed a typical monolayer, cobble stone-like, and mosaic arrangement. Factor Ⅷ-related antigen immunocytochemical staining showed that the cytoplasm of the cells appeared brown-red, indicating positive expression; DAB stained the nucleus, showing blue-dark. Conclusion The brain microvascular tissue block culture method can isolate and culture primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Background Metals and metalloids in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) may cause damage to the respiratory and circulatory systems of the human body, and long-term exposure is prone to causing chronic poisoning, cancer, and other adverse effects. Objective To assess the distribution characteristics of metals and metalloids in outdoor PM_2.5 in a southern city of China, conduct source apportionment, and evaluate the associated health risks, thereby providing theoretical support for further pollution control measures. Methods PM_2.5 samples were collected in districts A, B, and C of a southern China city, and the concentrations of 17 metals and metalloids were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pollution sources were assessed through enrichment factor and principal components analysis, and the main pollution sources were quantified using absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression (APCS-MLR). Health risks were evaluated based on the Technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure (WS/T777—2021). Results The ambient air PM_2.5 concentrations in the city were higher in winter and spring, and lower in summer and autumn. The annual average concentrations of ambient PM_2.5 in districts A, B, and C were 36.7, 31.9, and 24.4 μg·m⁻³, respectively. The ambient PM_2.5 levels in districts B and C were below the second-grade limit set by the Ambient air quality standards (GB 3095—2012). The enrichment factors of cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and antimony (Sb) were greater than 10, those of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and molybdenum (Mo) fell between 1 and 10, and those of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), and uranium (U) were below or equal to 1. The comprehensive evaluation of source analysis showed that the main pollution sources in districts A and C and the whole city were coal-burning. In district B, the main pollution source was also coal combustion, followed by industrial process sources and dust sources. The carcinogenic risks of As and Cr were between 1×10⁻⁶ and 1×10⁻⁴. However, the hazard quotients for 15 metals and metalloids in terms of non-carcinogenic risk were below 1. Conclusion Cr and As in the atmospheric PM_2.5 of the city present a certain risk of cancer and should be paid attention to. In addition, preventive control measures should be taken against relevant pollution sources such as industrial emission, dust, and coal burning.

Objective To construct a predictive model for the survival of transplant kidneys after kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 366 kidney transplant recipients and donors were retrospectively analyzed, and the recipients were divided into low-risk group (n=101), medium-risk group (n=189), and high-risk group (n=76) based on the kidney donor profile index (KDPI). Each group was further divided into Remuzzi score ≤3 group and Remuzzi score >3 group based on time-zero biopsy Remuzzi scores. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of transplant kidneys. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting long-term survival after kidney transplantation. A predictive model for transplant kidney survival was established and a nomogram was drawn. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Results The median KDPI was 65%, and the median Remuzzi score was 3. The 5-year survival rate of transplant kidneys was 83.5%. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that in the KDPI medium-risk and KDPI high-risk groups, the subgroup with lower Remuzzi score had a higher survival rates of transplant kidneys than the subgroup with higher Remuzzi score. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that KDPI, Remuzzi score, and donor’s age were independent risk factors for transplant kidney loss (all P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the nomogram prediction model established based on independent risk factors for the 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates of transplant kidneys were 0.91, 0.93 and 0.94 for the training set, and 0.89, 0.85 and 0.88 for the validation set. Calibration curves shows good consistency between the training and validation sets of the model. Conclusions The nomogram predictive model based on KDPI, time-zero biopsy Remuzzi score and donor’s age has good predictive value for transplant kidney survival.

Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy/sympathotomy (ETS) is the first-line treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis with best minimally invasive effect. In recent years, with the widespread development of ETS in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, many medical centers list ETS surgery as the day surgery. Nevertheless, there is no expert consensus on medical quality control of day surgery for ETS yet. Therefore, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Thoracic Surgeons Branch Hyperhidrosis Subcommittee, Sympathetic Neurosurgery Expert Committee of WU Jieping Medical Foundation, and Fujian Provincial Strait Medical and Health Exchange Association Hyperhidrosis Special Committee organized domestic experts to conduct repeated consultations and sufficient discussions based on domestic and foreign literatures, to formulate the "Chinese expert consensus on ETS optimization and surgical quality control of day surgery for palmar hyperhidrosis". It aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis for thoracic surgery colleagues in our country, to enhance their management level and work efficiency, and ultimately to achieve standardized quality control.

Surgical treatment is one of the key approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Regular postoperative follow-up is crucial for early detection and timely management of tumor recurrence, metastasis, or second primary tumors. A scientifically sound and reasonable follow-up strategy not only extends patient survival but also significantly improves quality of life, thereby enhancing overall prognosis. This consensus aims to build upon the previous version by incorporating the latest clinical research advancements and refining postoperative follow-up protocols for early-stage NSCLC patients based on different treatment modalities. It provides a scientific and practical reference for clinicians involved in the postoperative follow-up management of NSCLC. By optimizing follow-up strategies, this consensus seeks to promote the standardization and normalization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, helping more patients receive high-quality care and long-term management. Additionally, the release of this consensus is expected to provide insights for related research and clinical practice both domestically and internationally, driving continuous development and innovation in the field of postoperative management for NSCLC.

Sophora Flavescens is the dried root of the leguminous plant Sophora Flavescens Ait. It was first published in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic. Sophora Flavescens contains a variety of active ingredients, mainly including matrine and oxymatrine, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-arrhythmia, disease-resistant pathogenic microorganisms and other pharmacological effects. Clinically, the compound preparations of Sophora Flavescens include Compound KuShen injection and KuShen gel and so on, which can be used to treat many types of cancers and improve skin, mucous pruritus, pain and other symptoms. Due to the poor bioavailability, the structure of matrine needs to be reformed. MASM, matrine derivative, only needs a low concentration to have a good therapeutic effect on sepsis and liver fibrosis. In this article, the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, compound preparations and structural modification of matrine were mainly discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Sophora Flavescens and the development of new drugs.

Matrine is an alkaloid compound isolated and extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescens, which has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects. However, its clinical application has been limited due to its low in vivo activity, short duration of efficacy, and significant toxic side effects. In response to this challenge，pharmaceutical experts modified the structure of Matrine to obtain derivatives that addressed its limitations. Currently, research on the anti-tumor effects of Matrine and its derivatives is more prevalent, while research in inflammatory-related diseases still needs further strengthening.The progress on the role and mechanism of Matrine and its derivatives in inflammatory diseases were summarized in this paper, which offered valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents based on Matrine.

Objective: Neuronal apoptosis is considered to be a critical process in spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite growing evidence of the antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of ischemic injury tolerance effects of extracellular ubiquitin (eUb), existing studies have paid less attention to the impact of eUb in neurological injury disorders, particularly in SCI. This study aimed to investigate whether eUb can play a protective role in neurons, both in vitro and in vivo, and explores the underlying mechanisms. Methods: By utilizing an oxygen glucose deprivation cellular model and a SCI rat model, we firstly investigated the therapeutic effects of eUb on SCI and further explored its effects on neuronal autophagy and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-related indicators, as well as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results: In the SCI models both in vivo and in vitro, early intervention with eUb enhanced neuronal autophagy and inhibited mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, significantly mitigating SCI. Further studies had shown that this protective effect of eUb was mediated through its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Additionally, eUb-enhanced autophagy and antiapoptotic effects were possibly associated with inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion In summary, the study demonstrates that early eUb intervention can enhance autophagy and inhibit mitochondrial apoptotic pathways via CXCR4, protecting neurons and promoting SCI repair.