Aim To explore the feasibility of using machine learning algorithms combined with coronary computed tomography(CT)derived perivascular fat attenuation index(FAI)and plaque information to evaluate myocardial ischemia in stable coronary heart disease patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of patients who underwent preoperative coronary CT angiography(CCTA),invasive coronary angiography(ICA),and flow reserve fraction(FFR)measurements at Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from April 2019 to October 2021.206 patients with stable coronary heart disease were selected.The semi-automatic plaque analysis software was used for quantification of plaque and lumen parameters and perivascular FAI measurement,with man-ual delineation of a 40 mm segment of the coronary artery starting 10 mm from the ostium for perivascular FAI measure-ment.Differences in plaque characteristics,perivascular FAI,and coronary perivascular FAI between stable coronary heart disease patients with FFR≤0.8 and FFR＞0.8 were compared.The diagnostic performance of combining perivascu-lar FAI,coronary perivascular FAI,and plaque features using machine learning algorithms for myocardial ischemia in stable coronary heart disease patients was evaluated through ROC curves.Results 206 stable coronary heart disease patients were divided into FFR≤0.8 group(50 cases)and FFR＞0.8 group(156 cases).The mean periplaque FAI of patients with FFR≤0.8 was-69.28±5.65 HU,significantly higher than that of patients with FFR＞0.8 at-80.10±7.75 HU(P＜0.001).Further analysis was conducted using machine learning models,including XGBoost,random forest,and Logistic regression models,all of which had an accuracy rate of over 0.8 in diagnosing myocardial ischemia.Among them,the XGBoost model performed the best with an accuracy of 0.903,an F1 value of 0.774,and an AUC of 0.931,in-dicating its high effectiveness in diagnosing myocardial ischemia.Conclusion The combination of FAI and machine learning algorithm XGBoost model is a new method for diagnosing myocardial ischemia,which has better diagnostic value in evaluating myocardial ischemia in stable coronary heart disease patients.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Objective To analyze the differences of von Mises stress distribution in knee cartilage and meniscus in female with generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) and healthy female during drop jump landing. Methods The kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) characteristics of knee joint in female with GJH and healthy female at the moment of peak vertical GRF (VGRF) during loading phase of drop jump landing were collected. The knee joint reaction force was calculated via inverse dynamics, and the combined force of knee joint along long axis of the femur was applied as the load. Based on three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a female knee joint, numerical simulations were performed separately during drop jump landing of subjects in two groups, and von Mises stresses and stress distribution of knee cartilage and meniscus were calculated. Results At the moment of peak VGRF during drop jump landing, knee flexion and valgus angles in GJH group and control group showed a statistical significance (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, knee flexion angle decreased and valgus angle increased in GJH group. During drop jump landing, GJH group bore larger stress inside the knee joint, and stress distribution in weight-bearing areas of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments was uneven, while the lateral femoral cartilage lateral condyle, the anterior and middle lateral of lateral tibial cartilage, the anterior angle and body lateral margin of lateral meniscus were stress concentration sites. Conclusions For females with GJH, the stability of knee joint decreases and force lines change in jumping events, due to the increased range of motion of knee joint and relaxation of joint capsule, which increases the risk of cartilage and meniscal injury in lateral knee joint. During jumping sports, females with GJH should especially prevent knee joint injury caused by altered force lines in frontal plane of knee joint.

Objective:To investigate the unqualified hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection result of blood donors from the served area of blood institutions.Methods:The data related to HCV markers detected of the first and repeat blood donors were collected from the system of practice comparison for the Chinese mainland blood institutions from 2017 to 2021. The anti-HCV reactive rate and the rates of anti-HCV negative but HCV-RNA reaction and all the relationship between rates and the annual, regional and different blood donors were statistically analyzed.Results:During 2017-2021, the number of anti-HCV reactive per 100 000 blood donors decreased from 444.3 to 250.44 in the served area of 22 blood institutions ( χ2=49.677, P<0.05). The number of HCV RNA detected positive per 100 000 anti-HCV negative increased from 0.69 to 2.05 year by year, but there was no statistical significance ( χ2=0.643, P>0.05). The anti-HCV unqualified rate was significantly different among regions ( χ2=3 260.283, P<0.05). The anti-HCV unqualified rate of the first blood donors was significantly higher than that of the repeated blood donors ( F=130.993, P < 0.05). The annual number of HCV RNA detected positive per 100 000 anti-HCV negative blood samples from donors ranged from 0 to 17.28. Conclusions:The anti-HCV unqualified rate of blood donors in the served area of 22 blood institutions decreased year by year. Compared with repeated blood donors, HCV infection should be emphasized in first-time blood donors. The implementation of HCV RNA test can detect out much more HCV infections and reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious HCV.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Reduced levels of retinal dopamine, a key regulator of eye development, are associated with experimental myopia in various species, but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in melatonin, a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine. Here, we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice. We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes, which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels. When melatonin receptors were pharmacologically blocked, FDM could still be induced, but its magnitude was reduced, and retinal dopamine levels were no longer altered in FDM animals, indicating that melatonin-related changes in retinal dopamine levels contribute to FDM. Thus, FDM is mediated by both dopamine level-independent and melatonin-related dopamine level-dependent mechanisms in CBA/CaJ mice. The previously reported unaltered retinal dopamine levels in myopic C57BL/6 mice may be attributed to melatonin deficiency.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; Melatonin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Myopia ; Retina ; Sensory Deprivation

Objective To explore the clinical features of critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The clinical data of nine patients who were diagnosed with critical COVID-19 in Hainan General Hospital from January 21, 2020 to February 6, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RT-PCR testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was performed with multi-sites synchronize specimens including pharyngeal swab, blood, excrement, and urine. The serum levels of leucocyte, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and lactic acid between the improved group (five cases) and the deteriorated group (four cases) were compared. The t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups. Results There were eight males (88.9%) and 1 female enrolled. The patients aged 28-77 years old, with an age of (52.9±18.0) years. By March 4, 2020, all five cases in improved group were cured and discharged, three cases in deteriorated group died and 1case remained in critical condition. All multi-sites specimens of patients in improved group turned negative in 2-4 weeks of illness onset, while those of cases in deteriorated group showed sustained viral nucleic acid positive (up to 48th day of illness onset). The white blood cell counts ((13.52±8.24)×10 9 /L vs (10.49±4.46) ×10 9 /L), C-reactive protein ((139.71±87.46) mg/L vs (78.60±55.40) mg/L) and procalcitonin ((2.32±4.03) ng/mL vs (0.28±0.58) ng/mL) , lactic acid ((3.70±4.14) mmol/L vs (2.33±0.53) mmol/L) in deteriorated group were all significantly higher than those in improved group ( t =2.908, 5.009, 4.391 and 2.942, respectively, all P <0.01). A rapid rise of serum IL-6 level up to 8 500 pg/mL was observed in one patient three days prior to death. Conclusion Among the patients with critical COVID-19, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines of the death cases are higher than those of improved and discharged cases.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is the most serious complication of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy. The pathogenesis of RBI is complicated, and the clinical course is irreversible, while no effective treatment available. The activation of glial cells is one of the main theories of RBI, and the prevention and treatment of RBI by targeting glial cells is the focus of current research. As a post-transcriptional regulatory factor, microRNA (miRNA) has been confirmed to be involved in regulatingglial cell radiosensitivity, inflammation type transformation, autophagy, exosomatic, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and other related pathways, thereby mediating the occurrence and development of cascade reaction of inflammatory injury and neurological function repair of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Therefore, the establishment of miRNA - glial regulatory network may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of RBI.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shenzhen, and to accumulate experience in the diagnosis and treatment of HFRS in this area. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by collecting the clinical data from 46 patients who were confirmed with HFRS and admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. The demographic characteristics, epidemiological, clinical manifestations, examinations, treatments and prognosis, and other characteristics were analyzed. Results: All the 46 patients with HFRS were residens in Shenzhen, with a male-to-female ratio of 6.67∶1.00(40∶6), aged (40.18 ± 15.63) years old, and 38 patients (82.61%) aged 23-45 years old. There were 41 patients (89.13%) with a history of HFRS epidemiology, and there were mice in their houses or workplaces. The houses of 39 patients (84.78%) were rented, and 34 patients(87.18%) rented their houses in urban villages. There were morbidity throughout the year, and 33 patients (71.74%) were ill from January to June. In clinical classification, 44 cases (95.65%) were mild, 2 cases (4.35%) were medium, and there were no severe or critical cases. The clinical manifestations were that all patients were hospitalized due to fever mainly with hyperthermia. Thirty-nine patients (84.78%) were presented with systemic aches, headaches, low back pain and eyelid pain, and 28 patients (60.87%) had skin and mucous membrane hyperemia flushing. Clinical stages showed that all patients had pyretogenesis stage and polyuria stage, including pyretogenesis stage [(7.34 ± 6.82) d], polyuria stage [(9.94 ± 5.77) d], only 4.35% (2/46) patients with hypotension shock stage, all patients did not have oliguric stage. On the next day of admission, the number of white blood cells in 46 patients was (8.17 ± 3.19) × 10⁹/L, and 38 cases (82.61%) in the normal range; platelet was (61.92 ± 32.53) × 10⁹/L, and 42 cases (91.30%) were decreased; the procalcitonin was (1.62 ± 0.38) ng/ml, and 41 cases (89.13%) were increased; C-reactive protein was (74.33 ± 30.48) mg/L, and 46 patients (100.00%) were elevated; creatinine was (176.25 ± 55.15) μmol/L, and 19 cases (41.30%) were increased. Abnormal liver function was manifested by increased enzymology, alanine aminotransferase was (137.58 ± 46.76) U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase was (129.82 ± 40.29) U/L. All patients were positive for Hantavirus IgM. B-ultrasound results showed that in 58.70% (27/46) patients, both kidneys were plump and the parenchymal echo was enhanced. Liver injury occurred in 39 patients (84.78%) and sinus bradycardia in 2 patients (4.35%). All the 46 patients were clinically cured. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of patients with HFRS in Shenzhen are typical, the clinical manifestations are mild, and the curative effect and prognosis are good.

Objective: To investigate the genetic characteristics of human norovirus (NoV) among infants under 5 years of age with diarrhea in Chaoyang District, Beijing from 2011 to 2017. Methods: NoV-positive stool samples were collected from 2011 to 2017 in this region. The partial RdRp and VP1 genes were amplified and sequenced. Multi-sequence alignment was performed and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega software. Results: A total of 151 samples were sequenced and analyzed. The ratio of male and female was 2.28∶1 with mean age of 1.72 years. Fourteen NoV subtypes were detected, including GII.Pe/GII.4 (47.68%), GII.P12/GII.3 (20.53%), GII.P4/GII.4 (17.22%), GII.P16/GII.2 (3.31%), GII.P12/GII.12 (1.99%), GII.P17/GII.17 (1.99%), GII.P16/GII.13 (1.32%), GII.P7/GII.7 (1.32%), GII.P7/GII.6 (1.32%), GII.P2/GII.2 (0.66%), GII.P21/GII.21 (0.66%), GII.Pg/GII.12 (0.66%), GI.Pa/GI.3 (0.66%) and GI.P6/GI.6 (0.66%). Conclusions NoV genetic diversity was found among infants under 5 with diarrhea in Chaoyang district, Beijing. The subtypes from surveillance and those from epidemics occurred in chronological order. The surveillance should be strengthened for early detection of new subtype for monitoring the epidemic and vaccine design.