With the development of molecular biology, biomaterials and tissue engineering, regenerative treatment of pulpal and periradicular diseases is facing new opportunities. At present, a large number of studies on dental pulp regeneration reveal that cytokines are essential for promoting migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. In this paper, we review several kinds of cytokines related to dental pulp regeneration, and analyze their roles and regulatory mechanisms in dental pulp regeneration.

Objective:To explore the risk stratification value of HEART score combined with cardiac troponin (cTn) in emergency patients with chest pain.Methods:A total of 11 583 patients with chest pain who visited the Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patients who unfinished 0 h high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) or electrocardiogram diagnosed ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or lost to follow-up were excluded, and 7 057 patients were finally included. The final diagnosis of chest pain and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events within 6 mon (6 m MACEs) were followed up by telephone and medical history. The HEART score of each patient was calculated by two attending physicians, and the patients were divided into the low-risk group (0-3 points), intermediate-risk group (4-6 points) and high-risk group (7-10 points) according to the final score. The risk stratification performance and safety of HEART score were observed and analyzed. A total of 1 884 patients who completed serial hs-cTnT tests were divided into groups according to HEART score (≤3 as low-risk group) and HEART score combined with serial hs-cTnT pathway (HEART score ≤3 and two hs-cTnT measurements <0.03 ng/mL as the low-risk group). The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of each diagnostic method were calculated to compare the diagnostic performance of the two predictive values.Results:The patients were divided into 3 groups by HEART score : 2 765 (39.2%) patients in the low-risk group, 3 438 (48.7%) in the intermediate-risk group, and 854 (12.1%) in the high-risk group. The incidence of 6 m MACEs in each group was 1.2%, 18% and 55.3%, respectively. When the low-risk threshold was 2, 23.1% of patients entered the low-risk group and the incidence of 6 m MACEs was 0.9%. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive performance of the HEART score for 6 m MACEs, and the final AUC was 0.831 ( P=0.006, 95% CI: 0.819-0.843). Regarding the occurrence of NSTEMI at the time of this visit, 4 (0.8%) patients were misdiagnosed by using the HEART score alone. Combined with serial troponin detection, the diagnostic SE and NPV were both 100%; at the same time, the diagnostic SE and NPV of 6 m MACEs in patients increased from 98.1% (95% CI: 96.9%-99.1%), 97.9% (95% CI: 96.2%-99%) to 99.1% (95% CI: 97.9%-99.7%) and 98.9% (95% CI: 97.4%-99.6%), the diagnosis SE and NPV of 6 m myocardial infarction and cardiac death in patients increased from 98% (95% CI: 96%-99.2%), 98.6% (95% CI: 97%-99.4%) to 99.2% (95% CI: 97.6%-99.8%) and 99.3% (95% CI: 98.1%-99.9%). Conclusions:The HEART score can be used for risk assessment in emergency patients with chest pain, and a threshold of 2 is recommended for the low-risk group. The diagnostic performance of HEART score combined with serial cTn is better than that of HEART score alone.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) through a retrospective and observational study, and to construct an early warning model of AAD that could be used in the emergency room.Methods:The data of 11 583 patients in the Emergency Chest Pain Center from January to December 2019 were retrospectively collected from the Chest Pain Database of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University. Inclusion criteria: patients with chest pain who attended the Emergency Chest Pain Center between January and December 2019. Exclusion criteria were 1) younger than 18 years, 2) no chest/back pain, 3) patients with incomplete clinical information, and 4) patients with a previous definite diagnosis of aortic dissection who had or had not undergone surgery. The clinical data of 9668 patients with acute chest/back pain were finally collected, excluding 53 patients with previous definite diagnosis of AAD and/or without surgical aortic dissection. A total of 9 615 patients were enrolled as the modeling cohort for early diagnosis of AAD. The patients were divided into the AAD group and non-AAD group according to whether AAD was diagnosed. Risk factors were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, the best fitting model was selected for inclusion in the study, and the early warning model was constructed and visualized based on the nomogram function in R software. The model performance was evaluated by accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio. The model was validated by a validation cohort of 4808 patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria from January 2020 to June 2020 in the Emergency Chest Pain Center of the hospital. The effect of early diagnosis and early warning model was evaluated by calibration curve.Results:After multivariate analysis, the risk factors for AAD were male sex ( OR=0.241, P<0.001), cutting/tear-like pain ( OR=38.309, P<0.001), hypertension ( OR=1.943, P=0.007), high-risk medical history ( OR=12.773, P<0.001), high-risk signs ( OR=7.383, P=0.007), and the first D-dimer value ( OR=1.165, P<0.001), Protective factors include diabetes( OR=0.329, P=0.027) and coronary heart disease ( OR=0.121, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the early diagnosis and warning model constructed by combining the risk factors was 0.939(95 CI:0.909-0.969). Preliminary validation results showed that the AUC of the early diagnosis and warning model was 0.910(95 CI:0.870-0.949). Conclusions:Sex, cutting/tear-like pain, hypertension, high-risk medical history, high-risk signs, and first D-dimer value are independent risk factors for early diagnosis of AAD. The model constructed by these risk factors has a good effect on the early diagnosis and warning of AAD, which is helpful for the early clinical identification of AAD patients.

Objective:To compare the predictive value of the HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores for major adversecardiovascular events (MACEs) at 7 and 28 days in patients with actue non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods:More than 12 000 patients with chest pain from the Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from October 2017 to October 2018 were studied, including 566 patients with cardiogenic chest pain, 105 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) excluded and 15 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 109 patients with NSTEMI and 337 non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain were enrolled. NSTEMI patients were divided into subgroups according to whether MACEs occurred. LSD t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test were used to analyze and compare the differences between the two subgroups about the baseline data, clinical data, HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores at the time of visit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent factors of MACEs at 7 and 28 days. And the predictive values of different scores for 7-day MACEs and 28-day MACEs were compared in NSTEMI patients through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Compared NSTEMI patients with non-myocardial patients with cardiogenic chest pain, we found a statistically significant differences in sex, past history of coronary heart disease,≥3 risk factors for atherosclerosis, electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), creatinine value, past history of myocardial infarction, HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score. In further subgroup analysis of NSTEMI patients who were divided according to whether MACEs occurred, we found previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were statistically different in 7 days after the onset of the disease. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 7 days after the onset of NSTEMI; The previous history of stroke and increased hs-cTnT, electrocardiogram ST segment depression and TIMI score were statistically different at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI. The multivariate analysis showed that the previous history of stroke and TIMI score were independent factors for the occurrence of MACEs at 28 days after the onset of NSTEMI patients. ROC curve indicated that the predictive value of TIMI score (AUC=0.715, 95% CI: 0.482-0.948) was better than HEART (AUC=0.659, 95% CI: 0.414-0.904) and GRACE scores (AUC=0.587, 95% CI: 0.341-0.833)in predicting MACEs in NSTEMI patients. Conclusions:HEART score, TIMI score and GRACE score can be used to evaluate NSTEMI patients. There is an independent predictive value on TIMI score for the occurrence of 28-day MACEs in NSTEMI patients.

Objective To study the impact factors on prognosis of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma after surgery.Methods The clinicopathological data of 1 285 patients who underwent surgery and were histologically confirmed to have gallbladder adenocarcinoma from 2004 to 2014 was extracted from the SEER database of US National Cancer Institute.Life table was used to calculate the survival rate.Kaplan-Meier was used to construct the survival curves.Univariate and Cox multivariate regression analysis were applied to evaluate the prognostic factors.The univariate analysis was evaluated by the log-rank x2 test.Results The median survival of 1 285 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma was 32 months.The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were 77.5％,46.8％ and 36.5％,respectively.The 5-year survival rates of stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢA,ⅢB,ⅣA,ⅣB were 72.7％,63.2％,24.6％,20.5％,0 and 5.1％,respectively.The median survival of stage ⅢA,ⅢB,ⅣA and ⅣB were 22 months,19 months,12 months and 16 months,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ O.05).Univariate analysis showed that sex,age,degree of differentiation,tumor size,T staging,N staging,number of lymph nodes detected,lymph node metastasis rate,location of lymph node metastasis,and American Joint Commission on cancer (AJCC) staging were significantly associated with prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant differences among race and marital status with prognosis (P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sex (male),age (≥ 65 years),degree of differentiation,T staging,number of lymph nodes detected (＜ 4)and AJCC staging were independent risk factors affecting prognosis of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions With increase in AJCC staging,the survival rates in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma after surgery decreased gradually.Parameters including sex,age,T staging,number of lymph nodes detected and AJCC staging were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma after surgery.

Objective To study the survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma undergoing surgery,and to evaluate the clinicopathological factors associated with prognosis.Methods The data of 4 814 patients who underwent surgery for pancreatic head carcinoma from 2004 to 2009 were extracted from the US SEER database.The life table was used to calculate the survival rate at 5-years.The Kaplan-meier method was used to construct the survival curves of the patients.The univariate and Cox multivariate regression analysis were applied to evaluate the prognostic factors.and the univariate analysis was evaluated by the log-rank x2 test.Results The overall 5-year survival of 4 818 pancreatic head carcinoma patients was 16.3％.The median survival was 18.9 months,and the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅰ A,Ⅰ B,Ⅱ A,Ⅱ B,Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients were 38.8％,35.3％,21.8％,12.2％,9.1％,and 7.3％,respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =287.702;P ＜ 0.05).The factors including sex,age,years of diagnosis,pathological grading,tumor size,extent of invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and pathological pattern (all P ＜ 0.05) influenced the survival rate on univariate analysis.There was no clear correlation between race,number of lymph node examined and prognosis.The factors including sex,age,years of diagnosis,pathological grading,tumor size (AJCC 8th),range,extent of invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and pathological pattern (all P ＜ 0.05) were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis.Conclusions With the increase of TNM staging,the overall survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma undergoing surgery gradually decreased.Factors including sex,age,years of diagnosis,pathological grading,tumor size,extent of invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and pathological pattern were independent prognostic factors of overall survival.

Objective To study the component ratios of pancreatic carcinoma,and prognosis of patients with the different pathological types.Methods The data of 92 011 pancreatic carcinoma patients who were diagnosed by the definite pathological method from 2004 to 2014 were extracted from the US SEER database.The life table was used to calculate the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates.The Kaplan-Meier was used to construct the survival curves of the patients.The Cox univariate analysis was applied to evaluate the HR of the different pathological types,and the x2 test and independent sample t-test were used to evaluate the base line data.Results The overall 5-year survival of 92 011 pancreatic carcinoma patients was 7.6％.The median survival time was 8.8 months and the component ratios of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC),pancreatic epithelium cancer bedside the PDAC,neuroendocrine tumors,undifferentiated carcinoma,mesenchymal carcinoma and rare cancer unclassified were 85.78％,6.40％,6.67％,0.97％,0.10％ and 0.08％,respectively.The differences were statistically significant between the baseline data such as age,gender,race and position (P ＜ 0.05).The overall 5-year survivals of the PDAC,pancreaticepithelium cancer beside the PDAC,neuroendocrine tumors,undifferentiated carcinoma,mesenchymal carcinoma and rare cancer unclassified were 4.2％,13.4％,49.2％,5.0％,29.2％ and 24.5％,respectively,and the median survival times were 5 months,7 months,58 months,2 months,26 months and 7 months respectively.The distant metastasis rate of neuroendocrine carcinoma was the lowest (35.0％).The undifferentiated carcinoma was the most prone to distant metastases (65.2％).Basically,half of the other types of pancreatic cancer had metastasis at the time of diagnosis.In pancreatic epithelium cancer beside the PDAC,the high to low 5-year survival rates were solid pseudopapillary carcinoma (87.3％),cystadenocarcinoma (36.8％),intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (36.5％),acinar cell carcinoma (20.0％),and pancreatic adenocarcinoma mixed with other subtypes (19.7％).The incidence of the other types of pancreatic carcinoma was less than 8％,such as mucinous carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,adenosquamous carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.In neuroendocrine tumor,the 5-year survival rate of insulinoma (77.1％) was higher than those of neuroendocrine tumor (malignant) (NET,62.0％) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC,46.5％).Conclusion The prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma was poor,and the pathological types had a significant impact on the prognosis of the patients.

Using cDNA from Rehmannia glutinosa leaf as template, a 972 bp fragment of expansin gene which containing a 762 bp ORF that encoded 253 amino acids, was cloned, named RgEXPA10, which GenBank accession number for this gene is KF011918. A 1 207 bp genomic sequence of RgEXPA10 was amplified by PCR with leaf DNA as template, sequencing analysis revealed that three exons and two introns in RgEXPA10 genomic sequence, and which GenBank accession number is KF011919. Molecular and bioinformatic analyses indicated that RgEXPA10 protein have DPBB_1 and Pollen_allerg_1 domain, also including a 26 aa nuclear localization signal and a 19 aa transmembrane region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RgEXPA10 showed the highest homology with AtEXPA8 among the 26 α-expansins in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the RgEXPA10 indicated the highest homology with the expansin from Solanum lycopersicum among 22 plant species. Expression patterns using qRT-PCR analysis showed that RgEXPA10 mainly expressed in unfolded leaf, followed by the tuberous root at stage of expanding period, and rarely expressed in senescing leaf. And RgEXPA10 showed higher expression level in tuberous root at 60 and 90 days after emergence. The transcription level of RgEXPA10 significantly reduced under all the three stresses including continuous cropping conditions, salinity and waterlogging. This study will lay foundations for molecular function in development and regulation of different stresses for R. glutinosa.

BACKGROUND:The use of mesenchymal stem cels in the field of tissue engineering for osteoarticular injury repair is a very promising tool since these cels are readily expandable and able to differentiate into chondrocytes. Abundant evidence suggests that microRNAs play critical roles in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cels.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the chondrogenic effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transfected with lentiviral vectors bearing miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition, thereby provding new strategies for cartilage injury.
METHODS: miRNA microarray technology was applied to detect microRNAs expression profiles at three different stages of chondrogenic differentiation induction after transforming growth factor-β3 treatment and verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were infected with lentivirus bearing miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition. After co-suppressing the expression of miR-221/222-3p, cel counting kit-8 was used to determine the cel proliferation, the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels towards chondrocytes was verified by type II colagen protein expression through immunohistochemistry and glycosaminoglycan accumulation was also elevated by sarranine O staining. RT-PCR was used to detect type II colagen and aggrecan mRNA expression at 21 days of chondrogenic induction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of miR-221-3p/222-3p was inhibited after Lv-miR221-3p/222-3p inhibition co-transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. microRNA microarray and RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-221-3p/222-3p was declined significantly at the anaphase of chondrogenic differentiation. The expression levels of chondrogenic markers, Aggrecan and type II colagen were significantly increased in the miR-221-3p/222-3p inhibition group and cel proliferation was also inhibited significantly compared with non-transduced cels or transduced with the empty lentiviral vector group. miR-221-3p/222-3p knockdown in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels could inhibit proliferation but promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels.

Objective To investigate the cognitive ability and mental health status of the empty-nest elderly people lived in urban area of Beijing.Methods We recruited subjects from 8 communities in Beijing.1067 people were investigated,including 839 empty-nest elderly subjects and 228 not empty-nest elderly subjects.We used demography questionnaire and mental health scale to assess the cognitive ability and mental health of these elders.Results The subjects in the empty-nest elderly having high education,well-condition marriage and being male were more than those in the other group (T or x2=10.769,2.009,159.523,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the global cognition between the two groups (F=5.541,P＞0.05).Among language ability,working memory,attention and executive function,the differences between these two groups were significant (F=7.203,4.436,8.806,P＜0.05).Compared with normal elderly subjects,empty-nest elderly subjects had higher scores in face scale and GDS scale (F=5.541,5.578,P＜0.05).Conclusion There are remarkable cognitive ability and mental health differences between empty-nest and not empty-nest elders.