Salt reduction is the most cost-effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24-h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24-h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Salt reduction is the most cost?effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24?h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24?h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Salt reduction is the most cost?effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24?h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24?h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Objective To investigate the roles of SENP1 in regulation of biological characteristics of NK cells.Methods Lentivirus-mediated-Senp1-small-hairpinRNA (shRNA) transduction was applied to NK92 cells.The expression of SENP1 in NK92 cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.The proliferation of NK92 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis of NK92 cells was determined by Annexin Ⅴ and PI labeling.The cytotoxicity of NK92 cells against K562 cells was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay.Results Treatment of NK92 cells with IL-21 resulted in SENP1 upregulation.Lentivirus mediated SENP1 knockdown reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in NK-92 cells,but SENP1 inhibition had slight impact on the cytotoxic ability of NK92 cells to kill K562 cells.Conclusion SENP1 mediates the regulatory effect of IL-21 on the proliferation and survival of NK92 cells.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) gene modified placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells( PMSCs) on limb ischemia in a rabbit model.Methods The placental tissue was digested with enzyme, cultured and passaged.The PMSCs were characterized by surface marker expression.These cells were infected with adenoviral( Ad)-HGF and intramuscular injected for treatment of limb ischemia in a rabbit model.The blood supply of the limb was detected by digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and the vessel number was evaluated in histopathological HE staining.Results The results showed that Ad-HGF gene transduction increased the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF ( bFGF ) and HGF expression in PMSCs. Transplantation of HGF-transduced PMSCs resulted in the increase in vessel density and improvement of blood supply in the rabbit limb ischemia model.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of HGF gene engineered PMSCs on ischemia by enhancing angiogenesis in a rabbit model is evaluated.Transplantation of PMSCs with HGF gene therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemia diseases.

This paper was aimed to study effects of different preparation methods on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in Yi-Xin-Shu (YXS) tablets by HPLC-ELSD.HPLC-ELSD was used as the detection method.The separation and content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 were used as indexes.The influences of three different preparation methods (i.e.,defatted alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction ammonia solution washing) on the effect of YXS tablets were studied.Then,the same content determination method was used to compare the influence of alkali washing treatment to ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 among different batches of Panax ginseng.The results showed that a good separation of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 component peak of YXS tablets was achieved by three kinds of separation methods.The separation degree was greater than 1.5.Ammonia solution washing had some effect on ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 content,which made the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 be 1.5-1.8 times to those without alkali washing.No effect was shown on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 during ammonia solution washing.It was concluded that some other ginsenosides can be transferred into ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in YXS tablets solution after ammonia solution washing.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

METHODSThe growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method.

RESULTSExposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a signi?cant decrease in the established bio?lm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone.

CONCLUSIONDNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods The growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method. Results Exposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a significant decrease in the established biofilm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone. Conclusion DNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods The growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method. Results Exposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a significant decrease in the established biofilm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone. Conclusion DNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To investigate the features of epileptic seizures and eletroencepalogram (EEG) in patients with mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy,lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).Methods Forty-four patients with MELAS were diagnosed at the First Hospital of Peking University from November 2007 to August 2013.EEG and head MRI were performed on all patients.The types of epileptic seizure and EEG changes were compared between patients in and outside stroke-like episodes.Results Epileptic seizures occurred in 39 of 44 patients (88.6％) with MELAS,while multitype epileptic seizures were presented in 26 cases (66.7％).In stroke-like episodes,22 patients presented with partial seizures,30 with generalized seizures and 17 with status epilepticus.In nonstroke-like episodes,7 patients presented with partial seizures,14 with generalized seizures and 2 with status epilepticus.The frequency of partial seizures,generalized tonic-clonic seizures,status epilepticus were 47.7％ (21/44),68.2％ (30/44),38.6％ (17/44) in stroke-like episodes and 13.6％ (6/44),27.3％ (12/44),4.5％ (2/44) in nonstroke-like episodes,which have statistical significance (x2 =12.022,14.758,15.103;P =0.001,0.000,0.000,respectively).Abnormal EEGs appeared in all patients.The rates of slow alpha frequency,diffuse δ or θ wave,epileptic discharges were 6.8％ (3/44),43.2％ (19/44),25.0％(11/44) in stroke-like episodes and 31.8％ (14/44),59.1％ (26/44),22.7％ (10/44) in nonstroke-like episodes,respectively.Slow alpha frequency were significantly different between patients in and outside stroke-like episodes (x2 =8.822,P =0.003).Conclusions Epileptic seizures with different types are more common during stroke-like episodes in patients with MELAS.While the rates of epileptic discharges are also common outside the stroke-like episodes.