Salt reduction is the most cost?effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24?h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24?h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Salt reduction is the most cost?effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24?h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24?h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Salt reduction is the most cost-effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24-h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24-h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.

Objective To investigate the roles of SENP1 in regulation of biological characteristics of NK cells.Methods Lentivirus-mediated-Senp1-small-hairpinRNA (shRNA) transduction was applied to NK92 cells.The expression of SENP1 in NK92 cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.The proliferation of NK92 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis of NK92 cells was determined by Annexin Ⅴ and PI labeling.The cytotoxicity of NK92 cells against K562 cells was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay.Results Treatment of NK92 cells with IL-21 resulted in SENP1 upregulation.Lentivirus mediated SENP1 knockdown reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in NK-92 cells,but SENP1 inhibition had slight impact on the cytotoxic ability of NK92 cells to kill K562 cells.Conclusion SENP1 mediates the regulatory effect of IL-21 on the proliferation and survival of NK92 cells.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) gene modified placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells( PMSCs) on limb ischemia in a rabbit model.Methods The placental tissue was digested with enzyme, cultured and passaged.The PMSCs were characterized by surface marker expression.These cells were infected with adenoviral( Ad)-HGF and intramuscular injected for treatment of limb ischemia in a rabbit model.The blood supply of the limb was detected by digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and the vessel number was evaluated in histopathological HE staining.Results The results showed that Ad-HGF gene transduction increased the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF ( bFGF ) and HGF expression in PMSCs. Transplantation of HGF-transduced PMSCs resulted in the increase in vessel density and improvement of blood supply in the rabbit limb ischemia model.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of HGF gene engineered PMSCs on ischemia by enhancing angiogenesis in a rabbit model is evaluated.Transplantation of PMSCs with HGF gene therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemia diseases.

This paper was aimed to study effects of different preparation methods on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in Yi-Xin-Shu (YXS) tablets by HPLC-ELSD.HPLC-ELSD was used as the detection method.The separation and content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 were used as indexes.The influences of three different preparation methods (i.e.,defatted alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction ammonia solution washing) on the effect of YXS tablets were studied.Then,the same content determination method was used to compare the influence of alkali washing treatment to ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 among different batches of Panax ginseng.The results showed that a good separation of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 component peak of YXS tablets was achieved by three kinds of separation methods.The separation degree was greater than 1.5.Ammonia solution washing had some effect on ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 content,which made the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 be 1.5-1.8 times to those without alkali washing.No effect was shown on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 during ammonia solution washing.It was concluded that some other ginsenosides can be transferred into ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in YXS tablets solution after ammonia solution washing.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

METHODSThe growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method.

RESULTSExposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a signi?cant decrease in the established bio?lm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone.

CONCLUSIONDNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods The growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method. Results Exposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a significant decrease in the established biofilm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone. Conclusion DNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To study the effect of DNase I on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods The growth curve of S. aureus was detected using a spectrophotometer. The adhesion of S. aureus was analyzed using flat colony counting method, and the biofilm formation was assayed using the 96-well crystal violet staining method. Results Exposure to different concentrations of DNase I did not obviously affect the growth of S. aureus but significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I inhibited the adhesion of S. aureus at different growth stages. When combined with antibiotics, DNase I resulted in a significant decrease in the established biofilm biomass compared to antibiotics or DNase I used alone. Conclusion DNase I can effectively inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhance the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against S. aureus biofilms.

Objective To study the effect of heavy ion radiation on proliferation and apoptosis of human peripheral blood derived T lymphocytes and the mechanism .Methods T lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized whole blood samples by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll before being irradiated with heavy ion beams 12 C.The accumulated absorbed dose (dose-rate values=0.5 Gy/min, and meanLET=29 keV/μm).12 h and 24 h post-infection, total RNA of T lymphocytes was isolated , and the apoptosis related gene expression , including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3, Caspase8 and Caspase9, was detected by RT-RT-PCR.24 h and 48 h after irradiation, the proliferation was analyzed by CCK 8 kit.The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after being labeled with AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD or AnnexinV-FITC/PE.The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase3 was also assayed by RT-PCR.Results Data showed that heavy ion radiation could inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes obviously , and the inhibition ratio in cells that received 2 Gy dose was much high-er than in cells that received 1 Gy dose.Furthermore, heavy ion radiation promoted the apoptosis of T lymphocytes signifi-cantly.The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in heavy ion radiation T lym-phocytes while the expression of Bax and Caspase 3 was up-regulated.Conclusion Heavy ion radiation can inhibit the pro-liferation and promote the apoptosis of human peripheral blood derived T lymphocytes .