Abstract The construction of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) specialty cohorts in China is still in its infancy, and the cost effectiveness is insufficient when relying on diagnostic and treatment processes of child health care to collect ample and high quality data. After 2000, the United States Simons Foundation s ASD Research Initiative, the Early ASD Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), and the British ASD Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS), which have been built based on Internet recruitment, have provided new insight for the construction of large sample ASD specialty cohorts in China. Future research can further explore and optimize the methods of Internet recruitment, and establish a more comprehensive and accurate ASD specialty cohorts.

Objective: To analyze the association and dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers in college students, so as to provide a reference for promoting cardiometabolic health in college students. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 747 college students from two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province from April to May 2019. Physical activity was assessed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and peripheral blood was collected to detect plasma inflammatory factor levels [including hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. The differences between the groups were compared by using the χ 2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed by using the Generalized Linear Model. The dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed using the Restricted Cubic Spline Model. Results: The proportions of low physical activity, moderate physical activity, and high physical activity groups of college students were 15.9%, 53.7% and 30.4%, respectively. The levels of hsCRP, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the high physical activity group were 0.38(0.21, 1.10)mg/L, 70.74(47.90, 116.43)pg/mL, 1.75(1.21, 2.64)pg/mL, 4.33(2.93, 6.82) pg/mL , 5.27(3.89, 7.30)pg/mL,the levels in the low physical activity group were 0.80(0.31, 1.30)mg/L, 73.88 (47.90, 124.24)pg/mL, 1.88(1.42, 2.81) pg/mL, 4.82 (3.64, 6.67) pg/mL, 5.63 (4.34, 7.62)pg/mL, the levels in the moderate physical activity group were 0.63(0.25, 1.30)mg/L, 89.78(58.21, 127.65)pg/mL, 2.21(1.59, 3.27)pg/mL, 5.15( 3.72 , 7.72)pg/mL, 5.87( 4.63 , 8.00)g/mL, and the differences were statistically significant ( H=10.66, 11.38, 27.79, 14.13, 9.44, P <0.05). After adjusting for variables such as gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and health status, the results of Generalized Linear Model showed that compared with the high physical activity group, the low physical activity group ( OR=2.20, 95%CI = 1.46- 3.31) and the moderate physical activity group ( OR=1.65, 95%CI =1.22-2.25) were more likely to have high levels of hsCRP, and the moderate physical activity group was more likely to have high levels of IL-1β ( OR=1.85, 95%CI =1.36-2.51), IL-6 ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.06-1.96), and TNF-α ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.05-1.94) ( P <0.05). The Restricted Cubic Spline Model showed that there was no linear dose response relationship between the time of moderate to vigorous physical activity weekly and IL-10, IL-6, II-1β, and TNF-α ( P <0.05). Conclusion There is an association between physical activity and inflammation in college students, and moderate to high intensity per week could reduce inflammation levels to promote cardiometabolic health in college students.

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is gradually increasing and has become a significant public health issue. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a ubiquitous class of exogenous chemical substances that can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and activity, and subsequently affect endocrine homeostasis. Humans are extensively and continuously exposed to various EDCs originating from food packaging, plastic products, textiles, electronic goods, as well as cleaning agents and cosmetics in daily life, leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. Previous studies indicated a close association between EDCs exposure and the occurrence of GDM. This review summarized the correlation between daily life exposure to EDCs and GDM, along with their potential biological mechanisms, including bisphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, parabens, and triclosan, aiming to provide scientific evidence for supporting the effective implementation of public health intervention measures to alleviate and prevent GDM.

Abstract Chinese children and adolescents are experiencing dramatic changes in their lifestyle and the environment. Given the growing burden of myopia, obesity, and mental health problems among school age children, school health services are presented with new challenges. It is essential to promote and implement the underlying principle of "health first" for society as a whole, while aiming to improve the collective health literacy of schools, optimizing school health management systems, and adopting a comprehensive healthy school program in order to support every school to become a foundation for healthy living.

Abstract The physical and mental health issues of children and adolescents in China are becoming increasingly prominent. Integrating physical education deeply into the educational system and maximizing its role in fostering personal development, preventing common illnesses among students, and promoting mental health has emerged as the intersection of school health and sports. The article systematically arranges the development history and patterns of physical education in Chinese schools, summarizes the existing difficulties in the integration of physical education and educational system, and presents improvement suggestions to provide a basis for enhancing the integration system and promote the comprehensive development of children and adolescents.

Abstract The issue of multimorbidity in children and adolescents is becoming increasingly prominent, but there is no consensus on the definition of multimorbidity. As research deepens, issues related to the comparability and standardization of relevant findings are gradually emerging. As a solution, a systematic review of both domestic and international research on multimorbidity is conducted, and a classification system for defining the concept of multimorbidity is proposed, offering more convenient conditions for the advancement of future research and cross study exchange.

Cardiometabolic disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults. In recent years, the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has increased year by year, becoming a major problem in the global disease burden. The occurrence and development of cardiometabolic risk are affected by many factors. Shift work as an occupational hazard has been widely concerned. Nurses are a typical population for shift work, but few studies have looked at the association between their shift work and cardiometabolic risk. This article reviewed the current situation of cardiometabolic risk and the research progress on the association between shift work and cardiometabolic risk among nurses. The results showed that cardiometabolic risk is prevalent in the nurse population. Shift work is associated with cardiometabolic risks such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and is mediated by circadian rhythm disorder, hormone secretion disorder, and stress response. However, the causal relationship between shift work and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear, and further prospective cohort studies should be conducted to improve the understanding of the impact of shift work on cardiometabolic risk in order to improve the cardiometabolic health status of nurses.

Abstract Myopia has become a major public health issue of global concern. Scientific and effective myopia prediction models can help identify high risk groups for myopia, thereby achieving precise prevention. With the rapid development of genome wide association studies and the establishment of large scale prospective population cohorts, the polygenic risk score (PRS) model has been used to predict myopia phenotypes, advancing the myopia prediction window and thus predicting high myopia risk for early screening and intervention for at risk groups. The review aims to systematically elaborate the identification and verification of myopia genes in recent years, briefly describe the practice and effectiveness evaluation of the PRS model in myopia prevention research at home and abroad, reveal the application value in myopia prediction research, and emphasize the relationship between the PRS prediction model and outdoor activities. Close eye use and other preventive measures are of great significance to promote the precise prevention of myopia in children and adolescents.

Abstract Unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents are common, and psychological behavior problems are prominent. The paper examines the status and associations underlying unhealthy eating behaviors and psychological behavior problems in adolescents from border multi ethnic areas, and further discusses the importance of research in border area involving multi ethnic adolescents, and highlights its significance in the context of constructing healthy schools in border areas,so as to provide a basis for promoting effectively healthy school environments in border areas of China.

Early life is a critical window period that determines the growth and development of children, but this delicate and complex period is highly susceptible to the disturbance of various exogenous chemicals, which in consequence may lead to short-term or long-term adverse health effects in human beings. The massive use of antibiotics has contributed to widespread exposure in early life, along with the potentially adverse effects on child health, and has caused great concern in public health. This review summarized recent epidemiological studies on the population with early-life antibiotic exposure and associated health outcomes such as growth and development, allergies, and psycho-behavioral problems in children, as well as potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations. Current findings suggested that antibiotic exposure early in life, including pregnancy and infancy, is strongly associated with childhood allergic diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis and asthma), growth and development (e.g., obesity and birth length), and childhood psycho-behavioral problems (e.g., autism and anxiety). It also suggested that antibiotic exposure may affect individual health through gut microbiota, thyroid function, inflammation factors, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic mechanisms. In the future, more large prospective birth cohorts should be established to determine the levels of internal exposure to different types of antibiotics at multiple time points in early life and to explore their associations with child health outcomes, as well as to further validate relevant mechanisms, aiming to provide high-quality scientific evidence for research on child health associated with environmental exposure in early life.