Occupational manganese poisoning is one of the most important occupational diseases in China, and it can cause different degrees of damage to various organs of the body, among which neurotoxicity is particularly obvious. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) refers to the presence of two or more alleles of a gene in a population. This genetic variation may affect an individual's sensitivity to environmental toxins, and most cases may be caused by complex gene-environment interactions. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of manganese poisoning is closely related to genetic polymorphisms, which can alter the body's susceptibility to manganese by affecting metabolism among other pathways. In this paper, we reviewed the relationships between genes related to oxidative stress, iron metabolism, neurotransmitter metabolism, zinc transporter, parkinsonism, DNA damage repair, calcium transporting ATPase type 2C member 2 and manganese poisoning, aiming to explore the key polymorphic genes affecting manganese poisoning and to provide genetic insights into the specific mechanisms of manganese poisoning caused by occupational exposure and its prevention and treatment.

Objective To discuss the cognition of interventional radiology(IR)and employment intention in the students majoring in imaging technology in medical school.Methods From June 7 to July 31 of 2023,a voluntary and anonymous online questionnaire survey concerning the cognition of IR and employment intention was conducted in the students majoring in medical imaging technology in Sichuan University,North Sichuan Medical College,Harbin Medical University,Hebei Medical University,Changzhi Medical College and Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation.The data obtained from the survey were analyzed by descriptive analysis and chi-square test using SPSS 24.0 statistical software.Results A total of 126 valid questionnaires were received.Eighty-seven students(69.05％),94 students(74.61％)and 81(64.28％)students had no knowledge or just had a little bit knowledge about the medical position and current status of IR in the fields of cardiovascular diseases,neurological diseases,and tumor diagnosis and treatment respectively.The IR course was obligatory course for the medical imaging technology specialty in all the schools participating in this survey,and 112 students(91.8％)stated that the school curriculum is the main way to acquire knowledge of IR,and the internet platforms,television science popularization and academic conferences were the other ways to acquire knowledge of IR.Four students(3.17％),17 students(13.49％),57 students(45.24％),39 students(30.95％)and 9 students(7.14％)participating in this survey expressed that they had no intention,no willingness,neutral attitude,high willingness and high intention respectively to engage in IR work in future.The difference in the degree of willingness to engage in IR specialty in future between students of different gender as well as between students with different schooling level was not statistically significant,and the exposure to radiation,work-related high stress,and long working time were the main influencing factors for students to consider IR as their professional career.Conclusion At present,both the cognition of IR and the employment intention are not high in the students majoring in imaging technology in medical school.Therefore,it is very important to improve their cognition of IR and willingness to engage in IR profession.

Programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)is an important immune checkpoint molecule that plays an important role in regulating the body's immune response.Several clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in tumors is closely related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumors,immunohistochemical methods commonly used in clinical practice cannot accurately and comprehensively reflect the ex-pression level of PD-L1 in patients.Given that nuclear-medicine molecular imaging technology can noninvasively,real-time,dy-namically and visually monitor the expression level of PD-L1 in vivo at the molecular level,this article mainly focuses on the re-search of peptide-based radiolabeled molecular probes targeting PD-L1,with the aim of providing guidance for the search of no-vel peptide molecular probes for immunoimaging as well as for the screening of immunotherapy-suitable patients and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy,and other clinical applications.

Molecular knowledge of human gastric corpus epithelium remains incomplete. Here, by integrated analyses using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) techniques, we uncovered the spatially resolved expression landscape and gene-regulatory network of human gastric corpus epithelium. Specifically, we identified a stem/progenitor cell population in the isthmus of human gastric corpus, where EGF and WNT signaling pathways were activated. Meanwhile, LGR4, but not LGR5, was responsible for the activation of WNT signaling pathway. Importantly, FABP5 and NME1 were identified and validated as crucial for both normal gastric stem/progenitor cells and gastric cancer cells. Finally, we explored the epigenetic regulation of critical genes for gastric corpus epithelium at chromatin state level, and identified several important cell-type-specific transcription factors. In summary, our work provides novel insights to systematically understand the cellular diversity and homeostasis of human gastric corpus epithelium in vivo.
Humans ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism* ; Chromatin/metabolism* ; Stem Cells ; Epithelium/metabolism* ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the changes in morphology of intervertebral foramina in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) treated with fixedpoint lateral flexion and rotation manipulation based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology, so as to provide references for the effectiveness of manipulation treatment. MethodsForty patients with CSR were treated with fixed point lateral flexion and rotation manipulation once every other day for a total of 7 times and 2 weeks as a course of treatment. CT data of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed by using multifunctional CT, Mimics 21.0, Geomagic and SolidWorks 2017. The area of the intervertebral foramen, anterior and posterior diameter of the intervertebral foramen, upper and lower diameter of the intervertebral foramen were measured before and after treatment, as well as the infrared thermal imaging temperature differences of the bilateral neck and shoulder, front and back of the upper limb, and the VAS scores of the patients were observed before treatment, 7 d after treatment, 14 d after treatment and 1 month follow-up. Results Foraminal area, anterior and posterior diameters, upper and lower diameters of 40 patients were improved after treatment, and the temperature differences of infrared thermal imaging of patients before and after treatment were statistically significant. The VAS score of the patients decreased progressively. Conclusions Fixed point lateral flexion manipulation can significantly improve the shape of the intervertebral foramen in patients with CSR, so as to achieve the treatment purpose of relieving nerve compression.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) with replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) gene mutation to improve the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case of CANVAS diagnosed in the Peking University Third Hospital in January 2021 was reported. Detailed genetic analyses of ataxia were performed with DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of the patient. Studies including pathogenic variants of RFC1 gene causing CANVAS were reviewed and the clinical and genetic characteristics of the disease were summarized.Results:The patient was a 51-year-old female with the prominent manifestation of progressive walking instability. And the clinical data met the diagnostic criteria of CANVAS. The genetic tests excluded other hereditary ataxia mutations and identified the biallelic expansion of the pathogenic variant structure (AAGGG)exp repeat amplification in RFC1 gene. A total of 14 studies on CANVAS with RFC1 gene mutation were reviewed. The overall mutation rate of RFC1 gene in CANVAS was 68%-100%, and it varied in sporadic and familial CANVAS. And the mutation had ethnic differences.Conclusions:Among adult patients with late-onset ataxia, the combination of brain magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiology tests and vestibular function examination is beneficial to the identification of CANVAS. And the genetic test of RFC1 gene has significant value in the diagnosis of this disease. This patient with CANVAS expands the disease spectrum of ataxia in China, and confirms that RFC1 gene mutation is of great significance in the screening of ataxia disorders in the Chinese population.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the animal model of rheumatoid arthritis （RA） induced by inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb） from inflammation， apoptosis and autophagy， compare the rat RA model of wind-damp-heat arthralgia （FSR） induced by Mtb with the rat RA model of adjuvant arthritis （AA）， and provide experimental evidence for improving the disease-syndrome combined model and developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of RA. MethodThirty 6-week-old SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups： a normal group， an AA group and a FSR group， with 10 rats in each group. The RA rat model was established by injection of Mtb suspension （1 mg/rat）， and the rats in the normal group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The invention in the FSR group lasted for 16 days. The general conditions， body weight， spleen index， swelling of ankle joints， arthritis index （AI）， and the symptoms of arthritis in the hind feet of the rats in each group were observed and measured. The expression levels of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expressions of IL-1β， TNF-α， apoptosis-related protein B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， autophagy-related protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， autophagy key molecule yeast Atg6 （Beclin1），and p62 mRNA expression levels were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2， Bax， LC3， Beclin1 and p62 were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with those of the normal group， the rats of AA and FSR groups grew slowly and presented dull hair， soft or loose stool， slow movement， swelling of spleen， redness and swelling of ankle joints， increased AI， and histopathologic changes in the synovium and ankle joints. Moreover， the modeling elevated the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum， up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the synovium， up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl2， LC3， Beclin1， and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Bax and p62. Compared with the AA group， the FSR group showed severe symptoms， slowly increased body weight （P<0.01）， early appearance of obvious redness and swelling of ankle joints， increased AI （P<0.05）， increased spleen index （P<0.05）， and obvious pathologic changes of synovial tissue and ankle joints， the inflammatory infiltration in the synovial tissue， and the damage of joint structure. Moreover， the FSR group had higher expression levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， Bcl-2， LC3， and Beclin1 （P<0.05） and lower expression levels of Bax and p62 than the AA group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe animal model of RA （syndrome of wind-damp-heat arthralgia） can be induced successfully with the symptoms consistent with clinical manifestations of RA. The FSR group has lower apoptosis level and higher autophagy level than the AA group， which indicates that the FSR group is more appropriate for the research on the RA with the syndrome of wind-damp-heat arthralgia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of congenital heart defects (CHD) among nursery, primary, and middle school students in Zhaotong, and to provide basis for CHD prevention strategies for children and adolescents. Methods: Using stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 11 343 nursery, primary and middle school students in 4 towns of Zhaotong were investigated with CHD screening and questionnaire during September to November in 2020. Results: The prevalence of CHD among nursery, primary and middle school students in Zhaotong was 11.99‰(95% CI =9.99‰-13.99‰), Yongshan County (14.90‰) > Yanjin County (10.22‰), rural (13.30‰) > urban (8.21‰)( χ 2=4.95, 4.77, P <0.05). Among 136 cases of CHD, the Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) accounted the highest proportion (41.2%), followed by Atrial Septal Defect (ASD, 32.4% ), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA, 14.0%), and Complex Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD, 5.9%) and the other CHD (others, 6.6%). The proportion of late diagnosed CHD was 50.74%, which was associated with living in rural areas of Yongshan County, low annual household income (10 000-<20 000 yuan), as well as isolated and uncomplicated CHD( OR =0.30, 0.13, 3.67 , 0.17, P <0.05). Conclusion Nursery, primary and middle schools students have the characteristics of high prevalence rate of CHD, large proportion of complex congenital heart disease, large number of late diagnosis and complex influencing factors in Zhaotong. It s in urgent need of strengthening learning prevention of CHD.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of clinical pathway (CP) and team-based learning (TBL) teaching method in standardized residency training of gynecology.Methods:The research included 40 residents as objects who took standardized training in gynecological rotation in Luohe Central Hospital from July 2017 to July 2019, and they were randomized into experimental group and control group. The combination of CP and TBL teaching method was used in the experimental group ( n=20), while the traditional teaching method was applied in the control group ( n=20). All residents were tested for the professional theory and clinical skill after training. After the training, a survey about the teaching satisfaction and the effectiveness of teaching methods was conducted for both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results:The average scores of professional theory and clinical practice skills in the experimental group were (85.55±5.96) points and (89.90±6.40) points respectively, which were better than the average scores of the control group [(76.36±6.68) points and (75.50±4.81) points, respectively], and there were significant differences between two groups ( P<0.05). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the experimental group residents had a higher degree of satisfaction and a higher evaluation of the teaching method than the control group. Conclusion:CP and TBL teaching is beneficial to improve the quality of standardized residency training of gynecology, and it is suggested to make wide popularization and application in the training.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Danggui Niantongtang （DGNT） against adjuvant arthritis （AA） rats with wind-dampness-heat arthralgia by quantitative proteomics. MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， angelica came pain soup low， medium and high dose group and methotrexate （MTX） group， each group of 10， only the rat tail root subcutaneously inactivated mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb） of adjuvant to build model of AA， artificial climate box intervention 16 d rheumatic fever bi syndrome model is set up， building the day began to drug intervention， The intervention lasted for 28 days. The proteins of synovial tissues in experimental rats were extracted. The differential proteins in the medium-dose DGNT group and the model group were detected and analyzed by 4D label-free quantification （4D-LFQ） proteomics. The differentially expressed proteins associated with mitochondrial pathway apoptosis were verified by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. ResultA total of 4 756 proteins were identified from rat synovial tissues， of which 4 234 proteins contained quantitative information. There were 814 differential proteins between the model group and the DGNT group. As revealed by Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome （KEGG） enrichment analyses， DGNT had an effect on the synovial proteome of AA rats with wind-dampness-heat arthralgia， and the differential proteins were enriched in the regulation of the immune system， response to acute inflammation， and apoptosis regulation. As demonstrated by the results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot， compared with the model group， the DGNT groups and the MTX group showed increased protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax） and cytochrome C （Cyt C）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced Bcl-2 level （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated level of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 9 （Caspase-9）/Caspase-9 （P<0.01）， and decreased level of phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt）/Akt（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionDGNT involved multiple targets in the treatment of AA with wind-dampness-heat arthralgia and it may exert its effect in the prevention and treatment by regulating the Akt/Bax/Bcl-2 pathway and promoting the cell apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway.