Objective To investigate the effect of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)knockdown on a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)induced by high-fat high-carbohydrate(HFHC)diet.Methods A total of 44 mice were randomly divided into normal diet group(CON group)with 20 mice and HFHC group with 24 mice.At the end of week 14 of modeling,4 mice were randomly selected from the HFHC group for the pre-experiment of adeno-associated virus(AAV)by tail vein injection,and NLRP3 knockdown was verified after 4 weeks.After NLRP3 knockdown was verified at the end of week 18,the remaining 40 mice were given a single tail vein injection of AAV,and then they were divided into CON+NLRP3 knockdown negative control group(CON+NLRP3-NC group),CON+NLRP3 knockdown group(CON+NLRP3-KD group),HFHC+NLRP3-NC group,and HFHC+NLRP3-KD group,with 10 mice in each group.At the end of week 24,the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was observed;related indicators were measured,including body weight,liver weight,liver index,and glucose metabolism(fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance[HOMA-IR]index);the indicators of liver lipid content(liver triglyceride[TG]and oil red O staining),liver inflammation(serum alanine aminotransferase[ALT]activity,HE staining,and inflammation-related genes),and liver fibrosis(Sirius Red staining and fibrosis-related genes)were measured.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups.Results Compared with the CON+NLRP3-NC group based on the results of Western Blot,the HFHC+NLRP3-NC group had significant increases in the protein expression levels of NLRP3,pro-Caspase1,Caspase1,ASC,and IL-1β,while the HFHC+NLRP3-KD group had significant reductions in these levels(all P<0.05).The HFHC+NLRP3-NC group showed varying degrees of increase in body weight,liver weight,liver index,and glucose metabolism indicators,while the HFHC+NLRP3-KD group showed significant improvements in these indicators(all P<0.05).As for hepatic fat deposition,compared with the CON+NLRP3-NC group,the HFHC+NLRP3-NC group had a significant increase in liver TG,with a large number of red lipid droplets shown by oil red O staining,and the HFHC+NLRP3-KD group had significant reductions in liver TG and the number of lipid droplets in the liver(all P<0.01).In terms of liver inflammation,compared with the CON+NLRP3-NC group,the HFHC+NLRP3-NC group had significant increases in serum ALT,NAFLD activity score,and inflammation-related genes,while the HFHC+NLRP3-KD group had significant reductions in these indicators(all P<0.01).As for liver fibrosis,compared with the CON+NLRP3-NC group,the HFHC+NLRP3-NC group had significant increases in collagen fiber area and fibrosis-related genes,and the HFHC+NLRP3-KD group had significant reductions in fibrosis-related genes(all P<0.05)and a tendency of reduction in collagen fiber area(P>0.05).Conclusion NLRP3 knockdown can significantly improve hepatic fat deposition and inflammation in a mouse model of HFHC-induced NASH.

Exosomes are membranous vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells, which are approximately 30-150 nm in diameter and contain RNA, proteins and lipids closely related to their function and origin, playing an important role in cell-to-cell communication. It can promote tumor progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, improving the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting the immune response. In addition, exosomes are expressed at high levels in certain tumors and can be used as predictors of cancer for early diagnosis. It can also be used as a carrier to carry targeted drugs to the local tumor to exert an inhibitory effect.

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination behaviors among gynecological outpatients based on extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), so as to provide insights into the development of HPV vaccination behavioral interventions. Methods: Patients at ages of 45 years and younger that were admitted to the outpatient department of gynecological of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to August 2022 were recruited, and the factors affecting HPV vaccination behaviors were identified using UTAUT2. Results: A total of 431 female outpatients were enrolled, including 163 patients at ages of 36 to 45 years (37.82%), 272 cases with an educational level of college degree and above (63.11%) and 253 patients with per capita monthly household income of more than 3 000 Yuan (58.70%). The coverage of HPV vaccination was 24.36%, and the main cause of non-vaccination was difficulty in high-valent HPV vaccine appointment. Price value, social impact and efficacy expectation posed a positive impact on HPV vaccination behaviors via intention of vaccination (β=0.11, 0.08, 0.07, all P<0.05) and intention of vaccination and effort expectancy (β=0.10, 0.07, 0.06, all P<0.05), and effort expectancy played a mediating effect between intention of vaccination and vaccination behaviors (β=0.28, P<0.05). Conclusion Efficacy expectation, social impact, price value, intention of vaccination and effort expectancy may positively affect HPV vaccination behaviors.

Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death distincted from apoptosis and necrosis, which is accompanied by the lysis of cell membranes and the release of cell contents. Pyroptosis occurs as mediated by Gasdermin protein family and is dependent on the activity of caspase. GSDME is one of the most important members of the Gasdermin protein superfamily. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis relies on the activity of caspase-3. In recent years, with further research on pyroptosis, the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis is becoming clear. Numerous studies have shown that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, as well as chemotherapy resistance. However, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis has no specificity and can induce pyroptosis of normal cells in the body while inducing tumor cell pyroptosis, thus causing different degrees of damage to various organs of the body. Further study on the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis, the role of GSDME in malignant tumors and the adverse reactions of chemotherapy can provide new ideas for tumor monitoring, treatment and prognosis judgment.

Gasdermin E is closely related to neoplasms, which is involved in the occurrence and development of neoplasms through gene methylation, gene mutation or other ways. Pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin E is involved in drug therapy of various neoplasms, which provides a new theoretical basis for drug therapy of neoplasms. The study of gasdermin E aims to deepen the understanding of neoplasms and provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of neoplasms.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of pelvic infection after gynecological malignant tumor surgery and construct a predictive model.Methods:The convenient sampling method was used to collect the clinical data of 278 patients who underwent gynecological malignant tumor surgery in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020. According to the occurrence of postoperative pelvic infection, the patients were divided into the infection group ( n=29) and the non-infection group ( n=249) . Univariate and binomial Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of pelvic infection after gynecological malignant tumor surgery, and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the prediction model. Results:The incidence of pelvic infection in 278 patients with gynecological malignancies after surgery was 10.43% (29/278) . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that whether there were diabetes, chronic pelvic pain, history of preoperative pelvic infection and operation method, operation duration, and hospital stay were the influencing factors of pelvic infection after gynecological malignant tumor surgery ( P<0.05) . ROC curve analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, chronic pelvic pain, history of preoperative pelvic infection, surgical method, surgical duration and length of hospital stay all had certain predictive value for pelvic infection after gynecological malignant tumor surgery, while the predictive value of combined application was higher than that of each index alone. The area under the ROC curve was 0.821 (95% CI: 0.729-0.915) , and the accuracy was 0.817. Conclusions:The presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic pelvic pain, preoperative history of pelvic infection, surgical method, duration of surgery and length of hospital stay are the influential factors for pelvic infection after gynecological malignant tumor surgery. The combined prediction model established based on the above factors has good prediction ability.

Objective To evaluate and compare the subjective and objective visual quality of YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Methods A series of case observation study was designed.Twenty-eight patients (38 eyes)underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were retrospectively collected from 2015 to 2016.Patients were divided into circular capsulotomy group (20 patients 23 eyes) and cruciate capsulotomy group (12 patients 15 eyes) based on the capsulotomy technique (round incision of posterior capsule or cross incision of posterior capsule).The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were examined before and 2 weeks after operation,the intraocular pressure was also measured before operation,1 hour after operation and 2 weeks after operation.The Strehl ratio (SR),modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off,objective scatter index (OSI),OQAS values (OVs) were analyzed by Two-channel visual quality analysis system OQAS Ⅱ at 1 h and 2 weeks after operation.The changes of intraocular scattering and visual quality at 1 h and 2 weeks after operation with different posterior capsulotomy methods were compared and analyzed.Results At 2 weeks after operation,the UCVA was 0.18±0.15 and 0.16±0.14,and the BCVA was 0.10±0.10 and 0.10±0.11,respectively in the circular capsulotomy group and cruciate capsulotomy group,which was higher than those before operation (all at P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in UCVA and BCVA between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups at 1 hour and 2 weeks after operation (both at P＞0.05).In the circular capsulotomy group,the incidence of black shadow drift was 39.1％ and 30.4％ respectively at 1 hour and 2 weeks after operation,which was higher than that in the cruciate capsulotomy group (6.7％ and 6.7 ％),with no significant differences between the two groups (P =0.065,0.177).No significant difference were found in the incidence of black shadow drift before eyes between the two groups (P＞0.05),and there was no significant differences in the OQAS parameters OSI,MTF,SR,OV100％,OV20％ and OV9％ between the two groups (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions After Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy,the incidence of black shadow drift in the cruciate capsulotomy group is lower than that in the circular capsulotomy group.There is no significant difference in the visual acuity,intraocular pressure,intraocular scattering and visual quality parameters between circular posterior capsulotomy and cross posterior capsulotomy.

Objective To measure cytokine concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed under the informed consent of each subject from June to December in 2016 in Daping Hospital.A total of 24 cases of POAG patients served as the experimental group,while 22 cases of age related cataract patients served as control group.Concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1),soluble neural ceil adhesion molecule (sNCAM),and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) with Luminex 200 were detected between the two groups.Then the comparison and the correlation analysis were performed between the two groups.Results Concentrations of MCP-1,sVCAM-1 and sNCAM in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with significant differences between them (P =O.017,0.007,0.001).The concentration of bFGF-2 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P =0.027).There was no significant difference in the expression levels of BDNF and sICAM-1 between the two groups (P＞0.05).The expression levels of MCP-1,sICAM-1,sNCAM and sVCAM-1 were significantly associated with each other (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of MCP-1,sVCAM-1 and sNCAM are elevated in POAG patients.POAG may be a neurodegenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between perinatal outcome and weight gain of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods Ninety-two cases pregnant women with GDM were collected.The rate of weight increasing was recorded throughout the pregnancy and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Based on the amplitude of packets of body weight increasing,24 cases was selected during pregnancy as insufficient weight gain group,suitable weight gain group of 42 cases,and excessive weight gain group of 26 cases.Their perinatal outcome were compared.Results In excessive weight gain group,the proportion of the gestational hypertension (19.23％) and postpartum hemorrhage (23.07％) were significantly higher than suitable weight gain group and insufficient weight gain group(7.14％,8.33％ and 4.76％,4.17％),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.132,10.453,P ＜ 0.001).Among the three groups,no significant difference was found in terms of the incidence of anemia (3.85％,4.76％,4.17％),preterm labor (7.69％,7.14％,8.33％),premature rupture of membranes (11.54％,11.90％,12.50％) in pregnancy (P2 =0.572,0.492,0.212,P=0.63 1,0.692,0.783).The huge birth weight children rate in excessive weight gain group(15.38％) was significantly higher than suitable weight gain group and insufficient weight gain group (4.76％ and 4.17％).Among three groups,no significant difference was found in terms of the fetal distress (15.38％,16.67％,12.50％) and proportion of low birth weight children (3.85％,4.76％,4.17％) (P2 =1.034,0.572,P =0.310,0.631).Conclusion Excessive weight gain during pregnancy in GDM patients will significantly increase the gestational hypertension,the incidence of huge children and postpartum hemorrhage.Therefore,patients should be closely monitored during pregnancy weight and timely taken intervention.

Objective To explore immunotherapy effective combined with active immunotherapy in different time according rats bearing-tumor after paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, and to identify the optimization time and strategy of vaccine and seek rational chemo-immunotherapy strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. Methods The dynamic immunocytes number and function in established tumor treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy were investigated. The changes of established tumor volume and immune function of different groups were observed according to combining different time after chemotherapy and vaccine. Results Lymphopenia was observed and the number of lymphocyte subset decreased remarkably on the 6th day, but all cells were found almost recovered on 15th day after chemotherapy. There is the process of immune-enhancing from post-chemotherapy 6 day to 10 day and reversal of immune suppression temporary. The combination post-chemotherapy 6 day with CTL caused a significantly delayed tumor growth in both tumor models and induced significant the proliferation of T lymphocyte by [H] 3 releasing. The number of CD8+T cell is the highest, but the expression of Tr cell was lowest in the group of post-chemotherapy 6 day with CTL. Furthermore, the ability of CD8+T secretion IFN-γ is the most in the post-chemotherapy 6 day with immunotherapy groups. Conclusion Combinational paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy has synergistic effects with active immunotherapy boosting against tumor during window periods, where 6 days after chemotherapy with the most decreased number of lymphocytes in the animal periphery might represent the optimal checkpoint for the immune therapy against tumors. Therefore, monitoring the immune status of tumor patients might become one of the important prerequisites for the effective immune therapy when designing the comprehensive therapeutic strategies.