OBJECTIVES: To summarize the open-eruption technique of impacted anterior maxillary teeth, this study reports a technically improved operation on surgical exposure based on dental follicles and evaluates post-treatment periodontal health considering the effect of dental follicles. METHODS: Patients who underwent open-eruption technique with unilateral labially impacted maxillary central incisors were selected. The impacted teeth were assigned to the experimental group, and the contralateral unimpacted maxillary central incisors were assigned to the control group. In the surgical exposure, the new technique makes use of dental follicles to manage the soft tissue, so as to preserve soft tissue for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissue. Tooth length, root length, alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness were recorded after the therapy. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients with unilateral maxillary central incisor impaction were successfully treated. The tooth length and root length of the two groups showed a statistically significant difference between the impacted and homonym teeth, with a shorter length in the impacted tooth (P<0.05). More labial alveolar bone loss was found in the experimental group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The outcomes of the cementoenamel junction width, pa- latal alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness did not indicate statistical significance between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the surgical exposure, the new technique uses dental follicles to manage the soft tissue and preserve it for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissues.
Humans ; Tooth, Impacted/surgery* ; Incisor ; Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging* ; Tooth Root ; Dental Sac ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Esthetics, Dental

Fused teeth were a phenomena of teeth anomalies in shape, which can affect the dental teeth both in primary and permanent dentition. Fused teeth do not only cause problems on crowding of dentition, abnormal occlusion and aesthetic, but also increase risks of dental caries, endodontics diseases, periapical diseases and periodontal diseases. Fusion of deciduous teeth may lead to abnormality of subsequent permanent teeth. Treatment of fused teeth may require multidisciplinary approach in endodontics, periodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics and orthodontics. The aim of the present article is to review the etiology, classification, clinical manifestations and treatment of fused teeth in order to provide dental clinicians with a reference of clinical management for fused teeth.
Humans ; Fused Teeth/therapy* ; Anodontia ; Tooth, Deciduous ; Dental Caries/therapy* ; Esthetics, Dental

Humans ; Esthetics, Dental ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of different soft-tissue morphologies on the treatment of skeletal class Ⅰ malocclusion patients by analyzing measurement data before and after treatment. METHODS: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 55 adult female Angle class Ⅰ patients were collected in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2020. Chin soft-tissue morphologies in the lateral cranial radiographs were used to divide the patients into an abnormal chin morphology group (flat and retracted chins, n=27) and a normal chin morphology group (rounded and prominent chins, n=28). Relevant soft- and hard-tissue indexes were selected to study in-group varieties and intergroup differences in the varying chin morphologies before and after treatment. RESULTS: The chin-lip angle, mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, PP-MP, LL-E, UL-E, Po-Pos, and B-B' thickness in the abnormal chin morphology group were significantly higher than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). Furthermore, m∶BMe and n∶B'Mes in the abnormal chin morphology group were signi-ficantly lower than those in the normal chin morphology group (P<0.05). After treatment, the mandibular chin angle, mandibular chin vertex angle, U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, SNA, SNB, and B-B' thickness of the abnormal chin morphology group significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle, m∶BMe, n∶B' Mes, and Po-Pos significantly increased (P<0.05). In the normal chin morphology group, the U1-SN, L1-MP, LL-E, UL-E, and B-B' thicknesses decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the nasolabial angle significantly increased (P<0.05). Among them, m∶BMe and n∶B' Mes were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Chin morphology affects the formulation of treatment plans. Compared with the normal chin morphology group, the abnormal chin morphology group required a larger retraction of incisors. Although the chin of soft-tissue morphology is related to the morphology of bones, the changes in soft tissue chin after treatment cannot be directly predicted according to the bone changes. Soft-tissue chin morphology affects the aesthetic assessment of the soft-tissue lateral profile and the change in soft tissue before and after treatment. The method of predicting the change in soft-tissue chin after treatment should consider the morphology of the soft-tissue chin.
Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Chin ; Lip ; Cephalometry/methods* ; Esthetics, Dental ; Mandible

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term stability of tunnel technique (TUN) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) in treating gingival recession. METHODS: Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trial (RCT) of CAF+CTG compared to TUN+CTG in the treatment of Miller class Ⅰ or Ⅱ gingival recession on September 1, 2022. RESULTS: There were 8 RCTs with 305 patients (454 recession sites) participating. The results of the Meta-analysis revealed that, in terms of mean root coverage (MRC) of main indicators, no significant difference was found between the CAF group and the TUN group in both short- and long-term results, which were [MD: 1.45%, 95%CI (-2.93%, 5.82%), P=0.52] and [MD: -0.70%, 95%CI (-6.41%, 5.00%), P=0.81]. However, the CAF group outperformed the TUN group in the long term [MD: 5.69%, 95%CI (0.87%, 10.50%), P=0.02], and the results of complete root coverage (CRC) analysis were similar to those of MRC. In the short term, the TUN group grew keratinized gingiva significantly faster than the CAF group [MD: -0.38 mm, 95%CI (-0.67 mm, -0.10 mm), P=0.008]. Long-term findings revealed no significant difference between the two groups [MD: -0.26 mm, 95%CI (-0.94 mm, 0.43 mm), P=0.46]. The TUN group's secondary index root coverage esthetic score (RES) was statistically significantly higher than the CAF group's [MD: 0.62, 95%CI (0.28, 0.96), P=0.000 3]. Given that there were few results included in the literature and the heterogeneity was too great, no significant difference was observed in the postoperative VAS pain index score [MD: 0.53, 95%CI (-1.96, 3.03), P=0.68]. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered that both CAF+CTG and TUN+CTG can achieve good root coverage in treating gingival recession, with CAF outperforming TUN and both groups achie-ving good long-term stability. After the operation, the TUN group had a higher RES than the CAF group. Given the limitations of this study, more high-quality studies are needed in the future to demonstrate the efficacy of TUN in gingival retraction surgery.
Humans ; Gingival Recession/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Tooth Root ; Esthetics, Dental ; Gingiva/surgery*

Implant treatment in the esthetic area requires stable osseointegration and successful esthetic outcomes. Achieving this goal requires careful consideration of accurate implant axis and ideal three-dimensional position. Owing to the high esthetics and the special anatomical structure of the maxillary, a successful implant means a synthesized deli-beration of the residual bone dimensions, soft-tissue thickness, and the relationship of the residual alveolar ridge with the planned restoration. This article offers an in-depth analysis of the clinical decisions and key factors affecting the implant direction in the esthetic area.
Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Dental Implants ; Esthetics, Dental ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods* ; Osseointegration ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth

ABSTRACT Smile aesthetic, known as the static and dynamic relationship of the dentition and supporting structures to the facial soft tissues, is one of the most important elements of facial attractiveness. The objective of the study was to assess the perception of smile aesthetics and attractiveness through digital image manipulation of aesthetic variables and to compare those perceptions according to diverse sociodemographic data among female Saudi laypeople attending the dental clinic. A crosssectional study of 193 female Saudi participants were randomly selected and consented to answer the study questionnaire. Nine smile photograph images were created to compare different smile aesthetic perceptions. Two groups were recruited: 120 participants in the first group (under 30 years old) and 73 participants in the second group (30 years old or above). All participants in both groups were asked to choose the attractiveness of each smile image using multiple-choice options. A statistically significant finding showed that normal buccal corridors were chosen as the most attractive smile by 42.5% of the participants in the younger group and by a significantly higher ratio of the participants with a bachelor’s degree or higher level of education at 49% (p < 0.05). Laypeople’s preferences regarding smile attractiveness vary, but a normal appearance was the ideal choice for the majority. Orthodontic treatment should consider the general sociocultural understanding of smile perception.
Esthetics, Dental--psychology ; Facial Recognition ; Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the influence of dental aesthetics in finding a job as a dentist and the employer’s willingness to interact in personal and professional setting. Ten dental students’ smiling photographs were taken prior to the correction of their dental aesthetic problems. The images were digitally altered to an ideal smile. Two different questionnaires were prepared (Groups A and B) with the images with or without alteration (ideal and non-ideal smile). The images with an ideal smile and non-ideal smile were randomly allocated in each group and assessed by 84 private dental practitioners who has the authority of hiring another dentist in their practice. Four questions were asked on the likelihood of being hired, friendliness, intelligence, and good clinical skills. In general, the students with ideal smile were more likely to be hired (p < 0.05) except for those presented with buccally erupted canine and mild median diastema. Students with ideal smile scored higher in terms of friendliness and intelligence than the non-ideal smile. Most of them did not correlate a smile to an individual’s clinical skills and manual dexterity (p > 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with an ideal smile was graded more friendly and intelligent thus increases the employer’s willingness to interact personally and is more likely to be hired in contrast to a person with a non-ideal smile. Therefore, an aesthetically pleasing smile is one of the factors affecting the chances of a dentist to be hired and improve their personal interaction with people.
Esthetics, Dental--psychology

The ideal axial orientation of implant is the key to the success of implant denture restoration. According to the restoration-oriented concept of implant, the implant axis direction should be consistent with the long axis direction of the suprastructure. In clinical practice, implant axial deviation leads to related complications, such as implant fracture, periimplant inflammation, and poor esthetic outcome of implant restoration, resulting in implant treatment failure. In this paper, complications related to improper implant axial orientation, their causes and treatment strategies are reviewed.
Dental Implants/adverse effects* ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported/adverse effects* ; Esthetics, Dental

The minimally invasive fixed occlusal reconstruction of dentition defect is a sequential reconstruction process involving the minimally invasive restoration of the remaining natural teeth, the implant restoration of edentulous areas and the occlusal change from reversible to non-reversible. The simultaneous completion of minimally invasive natural teeth restorations and implant-supported crowns or bridges in an ideal occlusal design shows the obvious advantages of digital integration. The use of digital technologies such as intraoral scanning, kinematic face bow, virtual articulator and computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), could be integrated in each stage of occlusal reconstruction, including the overall documentations and assessments before the restoration, the determination of the functional restoration space, the precise design and fabrication of the provisional and final restorations taking into account both esthetics and function and the preservation of the follow-up documentations and assessments after the restoration. The integration process can optimize clinical process and improve restoration accuracy. This article briefly describes the concept of minimally invasive occlusal reconstruction of dentition defects and the integration strategy of digital sequential restoration.
Humans ; Dentition ; Dental Implants ; Esthetics, Dental ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Computer-Aided Design ; Crowns ; Dental Prosthesis Design