Background: Studying the human embryonic and fetal organ systems development patterns and determining their quantitative indicators is of scientific and practical importance in medicine and health in every nation.
Distortions and pathologies during the development of the embryo are the causes of congenital disabilities. Among the congenital malformations, facial malformations are the 3rd place, including cleft lip and palate in 70% and Srouzon's syndrome in 30%. In addition, abnormalities due to changes in the size, shape, and position of the jaw are also mentioned in the 2021.04.21 issue of Morphology magazine in the study "Morphometric parameters of the bones of the skull and face during the development of newborns and fetuses". In our country, Ariuntuul G (2005) determined that cleft lip and cleft palate occur at 0.76/1000 or 1 in 1314 live births, while Ayanga G (2012) found that it occurs at 1 in 1072 live births or 0.93/1000. Moreover, the eye cup dimensions of Mongolian fetuses aged 16 36 weeks have a positive linear relationship with the gestational age determined using ultrasound by Nandintsetseg B (2015) et al. Compared with the other countries, the eyecup is slightly wider, and the outer edge distance is similar, whereas the inner edge distance is shorter. Purpose: To summarize research work and determine the embryonic development of bones involved in the formation of the face and facial parts, the period of bone formation, the point of ossification, and the period of formation. Methods: During fetal development, human organ systems grow and develop at different rates but in a particular relationship. This feature of growth and development is also clearly observed in the structure of the head and facial bones, and the results of researchers who have studied this aspect are selected in the articles. Results: Embryonic and fetal development of bone are clinically significant not only from the point of view of its morphogenesis but also from the point of view of congenital disabilities. Conclusion In the analysis of the sources, most of the works on the prenatal period of the development of the same body have studied the development of specific structures of the face and facial area, such as the palatine bones and nasal bones, or have generally covered the development of particular systems in the embryo and fetus, and face, there are relatively few works that show the entire dynamics of growth and development of facial bones.

Introduction: Khuumii (throat singing) is a unique form of art derived from the nomadic population of Central Asia, producing two or more “simultaneous” sounds and melodies through the organ of speech. Material and Methods: The aim of the study is to identify the anatomical structures involved in the formation of khuumii and the features and patterns of their functions and compare each type of khuumii as performed by Mongolian people. A total of 60 participants aged 18-60 years (54 men and 6 women) were selected by non-random sampling method using cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23 software using questionnaires, X-ray, endoscopy, sound research method, and general blood tests. Results: 90.7% of the khuumii singers were male and 9.3% were female. The average height of the participants was 172.91±0.93 cm (arithmetic mean and mean error), average body weight was 77.53±2.46 kg, and body mass index was 25.93±5.31 respectively. Heart rate was 92.19±20.71 per minute prior to khuumii while 133.19±19.09 after performing khuumii and 85.81-98.56 at 95% confidence interval. In terms of ethnicity (ethnographically), the Khalkh were the largest ethnic group (72.1%), followed by Bayad, Buryatia, Darkhad, Torguud, and Oirat (2.3%), respectively. 60.5% of the participants were professional khuumii singers who graduated from relevant universities and colleges. The process of Khuumii was recorded by X-ray examination, and laryngeal endoscopy evaluated the movement of true and false vocal chords, interstitial volume, movements of epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage, and mucosa. Khuumii increases the workload of the cardiovascular system by 70-80%. Furthermore, the sound frequency is 2-4 times higher than that of normal speech, and sound volume is 0.5-1 times higher. 95.3% of throat singers did not have a sore throat, 88.4% did not experience heavy breathing, and 74.1% had no hoarseness. During the formation of khuumii sound, thoracic cavity, diaphragm, and lungs regulate the intensity of the air reaching the vocal folds, exert pressure on the airways and vibrate the sound waves through air flows passing through the larynx and vocal folds. Mouth-nose cavity as well as pharynx are responsible for echoing the sound. Conclusion It is appropriate to divide khuumii into two main types according to structural and functional changes in the organs involved; shakhaa and kharkhiraa. Khuumii, the “Human music” originating from the people of Altai Khangai basin by imitating the sounds of nature with their own voice in ancient times, spread all over the world from Mongolia and it is proposed to classify khuumii into two main types of shakhaa and kharkhiraa in terms of structural involvement and functionality.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition characterized by decrease in muscle strength and loss of body function which result from the decrease of muscle mass in older age. In 2014, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia developed the diagnosis criterion for sarcopenia. The measurements were changed to accommodate for the physical characteristics of asians. The loss of muscle mass increases after age 40 and decreases by 8 percent every 10 years. After age 70 this number is increased to 15 percent every 10 years. Goal: Assess the prevalence of sarcopenia among men by comparing body height and mass Materials and Methods: The study included 196 older men aged 40 and above chosen by random sampling from the geriatric and rehabilitation cabinets of the Mongolian National Gerontology Center.
Sarcopenia diagnosis was made based on the criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia using methods by Janssen I and others to compare body mass and height. Results: Comparing body muscle mass and height 11.7 percent of participant aged 40-86 had sarcopenia. When comparing body muscle mass and weigth 33.2 percent had sarcopenia. Conclusion Determining sarcopenia among Mongolian men by comparing muscle mass and body mass resulted in 33.2 percent sarcopenia. When compared with height, 11.7 percent had sarcopenia.

Oriental medicine, are described in detail about the human body association between systemic and musculoskeletal system, the location of the organs and critical points. Critical point or biological active point in the human body has a total of 302, classified about lives and impact is most dangerous, more dangerous and dangerous. These ascertaining theoretical and usage is important. Our aim was to study in limbs of the body composition and perceived status in the critical point.Total 62 most healthy people obtained to the research from this 31 people were male, 31 people were female and 18-28 ages. We used algometry, anthropometry and VAS. Upper and lower limbs of the body composition and perceived status in the critical point compared with body constitution.Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS (PASW) Version 17.0.The mean age were had male 18.47, female 23.42 obtained to the research. “Wind-bile”, “windphlegm” body constitution people were 22.58%, “phlegm-bile” body constitution people were 8.06% and “wind-bile-phlegm” body constitution people not available. A high significant decrease, high correlation in “phlegm-bile” body constitution people were the most high measured in 9 point, “bilewind” body constitution people were lowest measured in 8 point by anthropometry.Comparing results by anthropometric indication, algometry tools, VAS methods is dependent to the positive or reserve.

IntroductionCoronary artery disease is a leading cause of death among men and women globally. Researchershave focused on apolipoproteins for coronary artery disease (CAD) than traditional lipid parameterssuch as total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C. Measuring Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) provides a directestimate of the total number of atherogenic particles. Also lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)] is super atherogeniclipoprotein that resembles the LDL containing apo-B in its structure and associated with development ofatherosclerosis and thrombogenesis.GoalTo determine some specifi c lipid markers such as apo-B, LP (a) and traditional lipid parameters forcoronary atherosclerosis and compare with healthy groupMaterials and MethodsHospital based case control study. The study included 42 patients undergoing coronary angiographywith >75% narrowing of main coronary arteries and 43 healthy controls. We collected data of traditionallipid parameters by “endpoint” method and apo-B, LP (a) by “immunoturbidometry method” from ROCHECOBAS 6000 analyzer series.ResultÀpo-Â and Lp(a) were 108.88±26.61 mg/dl, 19.50±24.86 mg/dl and signifi cantly higher in patientswith coronary artery disease (CAD) versus control group. Total cholesterol, especially LDL-C thatApo-B is major on its surface signifi cantly different in the study groups (p<0.05). Also, other lipoproteinthat containing apo-B, one of them is LP (a) were higher in the case group (p≤0.05) compared withhealthy controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that Apo-B were one of main risk factors for CAD(OR=1.024, p=0.013).ConclusionOur fi ndings suggest that LDL-C

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-age women,affecting an estimated 5-8% of all women in this age group. Clinically, hyperandrogenism, chronicanovulation, central obesity and polycystic ovary can all occur in women with PCOS and may causeof infertility. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an androgenic hormone which produced from adrenalcortex and recently, there is no any data determined DHEA-S in patients with PCOS.GoalOur study was designed to determine serum DHEA-S and other hormones in women with PCOS.Materials and MethodWe have used a cross-sectional study design and the study included reproductive-age 18 women withPCOS. ELISA test to determine serum DHEA-S and other sexual hormones was analyzed for all of thesewomen.ResultWhen we analyzed ELISA test to determine serum DHEA-S and other sexual hormones, DHEA-S level8.0±2.1 μg/ml, LH level 9,45±4,3 mlU/ml, FSH level 5,04±1,1 mlU/ml, prolactin level 19,78±12,2 ng/ml, E2 hormone level 16,8±8,9pg/ml, testosterone level 0,25±0,1 ng/ml were in women with PCOS,respectively. And LH/FSH ratio was 2:1 in these women. (p=0.001).ConclusionBy the result, serum DHEA-S, LH,

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-age women, affecting an estimated 5-8% of all women in this age group. Clinically, hyperandrogenism, chronic amenorrhea, central obesity and polycystic ovary can all occur in women with PCOS and may cause of infertility. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an androgenic hormone produced inadrenal cortex and recently, there is no any data determined DHEA-S in patients with PCOS.Our study was designed to evaluate obesity, central obesity, hirsute grade and infertility and to determine serum DHEA-S hormone in women with PCOS and healthy non-PCOS women.We have used a cross-sectional study design and the study included reproductive-age 36 women, of whom 18 were diagnosed with PCOS and 18 were non-PCOS. Anthropometric components were measured and ELISA test to determine serum DHEA-S hormone was analyzed for all of these women. When we analyzed ELISA test to determine serum DHEA-S hormone, DHEA-S level was2.9±2.0 µg/ ml in non-PCOS reproductive-age women and 8.0±2.1 µg/ml in women with PCOS, respectively (р=0.01). Among the women diagnosed with PCOS had higher incidence of central obesity and grade II hirsute and infertility than healthy women (p=0.001). By the result, higher level of serum DHEA-S in women diagnosed with PCOS may cause of sign of hyperandrogenism such as central obesity, infertility and hirsute.

To measure hardness of bone density, and study its relationship with serum calcium, phosphorus, Calcitonin levels and urine calcium level.Pre-designed questionnaire is used to reveal any risk factors associated with osteoporosis and also BMI is evaluated based on measurements of weight, height, bust and waist circumference. Study participants were measured their bone mass density of wrist and shin by ultrasound ( Sunlight MiniOmni, Beammed, USA). Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were analyzed by automatedbiochemical analyzer, Integra 800, according to the adhered protocol to the machine. New, clean urine containers were distributed to participant a day before urine test day and middle part of urine is collected into the container. The urine calcium level was analyzed by automated biochemical analyzer, Cobas Integra 800, according to the machine protocol. Calcitonin level was analyzed by ELISA kit by Eu cardio company of United States.Total of 80 people ages 26 to 87 from Ulaanbaatar were participated for this study. 29 (36.3%) ofthem were males whereas, 51 (63.8%) of them were females. Serum calcium average level was2.0+-0.2mmol/L, serum phosphorus average level was 0.8+-0.1mmol/L while urine calcium level was 3.9+-2.5mmol/L. According to our result, bone mass density was related to age (r=-0.495), serum calcium level has statistically important relationship (p<0.05) with bone mass density (r=-0.326), age(r=0.277), serum phosphorus (r=0.351), and urine calcium level (r=-0.316). Measurement above did not have statistically important relationship with Calcitonin level.Osteoclast might be dominating in osteoporosis since bone mass density is decreasing while serum calcium level is increasing along with aging.

Abstract: The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme is widely distributed in tissue, particularly heart, liver muscle, and kidney. The LDH in serum can be separated into five different isoenzymes based on their electrophoretic mobility. Each isoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two different subunits. These two subunits have been designated heart and muscle, based on their polypeptide chains. There are two homotetramers, LDH-1 and LDH-5, and three hybrid isoenzymes. Elevated serum levels of LDH have been observed in a variety of disease states. The highest levels are seen in patients with megaloblastic anemia, disseminated carcinoma, and shock. Moderate increases occur in muscular disorders, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. Mild increases in LDH activity have been reported in cases of myocardial or pulmonary infarction, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, and hepatitis. This study aims to compare a LDH activity in comparatively healthy Mongolian population using highly sensitivity modern technology and evaluate their contents with age, sex, and work adults differences, For this purpose there were chosen 3742 healthy adults (1597 males and 2145 females). The enzyme activity were investigated in Mobio laboratory using fully automated analyzer COBAS Integra-400. Study results were assessed using Microsoft Excel SPSS-10 standard program and evaluation. The study results show that mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population is 322.6 u/l, quadratic mean of deviation is 44.9 u/l, and significant distribution is 187.2-442.6 u/l with p=0,99. The mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian man 187-444 u/l, but for women it is 187-438 u/l, with haven’t differences. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population does not depend from age. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population have differences from work adults. Conclusion: 1.From the findings indicated LDH activity by 187.2-442.6 u/l. 2.Study findings shown LDH activity level not influenced for age and sex. 3.There fore we defined LDG activity level influenced physical and mental overload.

Abstract:The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme is widely distributed in tissue, particularly heart, liver muscle, and kidney. The LDH in serum can be separated into five different isoenzymes based on their electrophoretic mobility. Each isoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two different subunits. These two subunits have been designated heart and muscle, based on their polypeptide chains. There are two homotetramers, LDH-1 and LDH-5, and three hybrid isoenzymes. Elevated serum levels of LDH have been observed in a variety of disease states. The highest levels are seen in patients with megaloblastic anemia, disseminated carcinoma, and shock. Moderate increases occur in muscular disorders, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. Mild increases in LDH activity have been reported in cases of myocardial or pulmonary infarction, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, and hepatitis.This study aims to compare a LDH activity in comparatively healthy Mongolian population using highly sensitivity modern technology and evaluate their contents with age, sex, and work adults differences, For this purpose there were chosen 3742 healthy adults (1597 males and 2145 females). The enzyme activity were investigated in Mobio laboratory using fully automated analyzer COBAS Integra-400. Study results were assessed using Microsoft Excel SPSS-10 standard program and evaluation.The study results show that mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population is 322.6 u/l, quadratic mean of deviation is 44.9 u/l, and significant distribution is 187.2-442.6 u/l with p=0,99. The mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian man 187-444 u/l, but for women it is 187-438 u/l, with haven’t differences. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population does not depend from age. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population have differences from work adults.Conclusion:1.From the findings indicated LDH activity by 187.2-442.6 u/l.2.Study findings shown LDH activity level not influenced for age and sex.3.There fore we defined LDG activity level influenced physical and mental overload.