The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a key factor involved in the epidemic proportions reached by chronic societal diseases. A revolution in the study of obesity has been the development of imaging techniques for the measurement of its regional distribution. These imaging studies have consistently reported that individuals with an excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were those characterized by the highest cardiometabolic risk. Excess VAT has also been found to be accompanied by ectopic fat deposition. It is proposed that subcutaneous versus visceral obesity can be considered as two extremes of a continuum of adiposity phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk ranging from low to high. The heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes represents a clinical challenge to the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk associated with a given body mass index (BMI). Simple tools can be used to better appreciate its heterogeneity. Measuring waist circumference is a relevant step to characterize fat distribution. Another important modulator of cardiometabolic risk is cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness are characterized by a lower accumulation of VAT compared to those with poor fitness. Diet quality and level of physical activity are also key behaviors that substantially modulate cardiometabolic risk. It is proposed that it is no longer acceptable to assess the health risk of obesity using the BMI alone. In the context of personalized medicine, precision lifestyle medicine should be applied to the field of obesity, which should rather be referred to as ‘obesities.’

The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a key factor involved in the epidemic proportions reached by chronic societal diseases. A revolution in the study of obesity has been the development of imaging techniques for the measurement of its regional distribution. These imaging studies have consistently reported that individuals with an excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were those characterized by the highest cardiometabolic risk. Excess VAT has also been found to be accompanied by ectopic fat deposition. It is proposed that subcutaneous versus visceral obesity can be considered as two extremes of a continuum of adiposity phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk ranging from low to high. The heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes represents a clinical challenge to the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk associated with a given body mass index (BMI). Simple tools can be used to better appreciate its heterogeneity. Measuring waist circumference is a relevant step to characterize fat distribution. Another important modulator of cardiometabolic risk is cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness are characterized by a lower accumulation of VAT compared to those with poor fitness. Diet quality and level of physical activity are also key behaviors that substantially modulate cardiometabolic risk. It is proposed that it is no longer acceptable to assess the health risk of obesity using the BMI alone. In the context of personalized medicine, precision lifestyle medicine should be applied to the field of obesity, which should rather be referred to as ‘obesities.’

The worldwide prevalence of obesity is a key factor involved in the epidemic proportions reached by chronic societal diseases. A revolution in the study of obesity has been the development of imaging techniques for the measurement of its regional distribution. These imaging studies have consistently reported that individuals with an excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were those characterized by the highest cardiometabolic risk. Excess VAT has also been found to be accompanied by ectopic fat deposition. It is proposed that subcutaneous versus visceral obesity can be considered as two extremes of a continuum of adiposity phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk ranging from low to high. The heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes represents a clinical challenge to the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk associated with a given body mass index (BMI). Simple tools can be used to better appreciate its heterogeneity. Measuring waist circumference is a relevant step to characterize fat distribution. Another important modulator of cardiometabolic risk is cardiorespiratory fitness. Individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness are characterized by a lower accumulation of VAT compared to those with poor fitness. Diet quality and level of physical activity are also key behaviors that substantially modulate cardiometabolic risk. It is proposed that it is no longer acceptable to assess the health risk of obesity using the BMI alone. In the context of personalized medicine, precision lifestyle medicine should be applied to the field of obesity, which should rather be referred to as ‘obesities.’

The studies exploring the mechanisms by which organisational changes may impact health outcomes are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the prospective associations of organisational changes with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors. The study was based on the prospective data of the national French working conditions survey collected in 2013, 2016, and 2019. The study sample included 5200 employees working in the private sector. A large set of organisational changes and psychosocial work factors were collected from employers and employees respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects robust Poisson regression models were used. Organisational changes were prospectively associated with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors related to job insecurity, role stressors, and job demands. The strongest prospective association was found between downsizing and the increase in job insecurity. The associations between organisational changes and health outcomes may be mediated by psychosocial work factors.

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe the kinematic characteristics of manual weaving related to the biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Twelve professional female weavers participated in this study. The video recording of their workstations was performed perpendicularly in the sagittal and transverse planes in a synchronized manner, at about 2.45 m and for 5 minutes. The videos were then analyzed using the Kinove software. Statistical processing by the statistical SPSS 22 software. Results: The results identified a succession of cycles, each with two important phases called the “interlacing” phase and the “winding/adjustment” phase. The average cycle time is 127.9 ± 11.7 seconds. The “interlacing” phase is the longest and concerns an average 80% of the cycle time or 103.5 ± 35.9 seconds. The segmental movements are mainly flexion-extension type with angular variations constantly above the acceptable limits. It is the same for the repetitiveness of the movements which solicit the upper limb and the trunk particularly. Conclusions These results recommend one of the actions to prevent musculoskeletal disorders including instructions on postures and frequencies of weaving movements as well as physical exercises adapted to the physical needs of practitioners.

The studies exploring the mechanisms by which organisational changes may impact health outcomes are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the prospective associations of organisational changes with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors. The study was based on the prospective data of the national French working conditions survey collected in 2013, 2016, and 2019. The study sample included 5200 employees working in the private sector. A large set of organisational changes and psychosocial work factors were collected from employers and employees respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects robust Poisson regression models were used. Organisational changes were prospectively associated with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors related to job insecurity, role stressors, and job demands. The strongest prospective association was found between downsizing and the increase in job insecurity. The associations between organisational changes and health outcomes may be mediated by psychosocial work factors.

The studies exploring the mechanisms by which organisational changes may impact health outcomes are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the prospective associations of organisational changes with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors. The study was based on the prospective data of the national French working conditions survey collected in 2013, 2016, and 2019. The study sample included 5200 employees working in the private sector. A large set of organisational changes and psychosocial work factors were collected from employers and employees respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects robust Poisson regression models were used. Organisational changes were prospectively associated with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors related to job insecurity, role stressors, and job demands. The strongest prospective association was found between downsizing and the increase in job insecurity. The associations between organisational changes and health outcomes may be mediated by psychosocial work factors.