1.The TLR4/ HIF⁃1α signaling pathway mediates glycated low density lipoprotein induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Junhui Qiu ; Meizhi Liu ; Dusang Sun ; Ting Pan ; Weiwei Zhao ; Wenjun Sha ; Jun Lu ; Tao Lei
Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui 2022;57(10):1614-1620
		                        		
		                        			Objective     :
		                        			To investigate the effects of glycated low density lipoprotein  (Gly⁃LDL)  on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)  and the expression of toll like receptor 4  (TLR4)  and hypoxia inducible factor⁃1α  (HIF⁃1α),  and  to  explore  its  possible  mechanism .
		                        		
		                        			Methods     :
		                        			HUVECs  were  cultured  in  vitro and divided into control group,  positive control group[50 mg/L normal low density lipoprotein(n⁃LDL)],  low concentration,  medium concentration and high concentration Gly⁃LDL(50,  75,  100  mg/L)  groups .   Respectively,  the effects of different concentrations of Gly⁃LDL on survival rate of HUVECs were detected by CCK⁃8;  The motility of HUVECs under different treatments were  detected  by  wound  healing  assays;  The  level  of inflammatory  cytokine, such as tumor inducing factor⁃α(TNF⁃α),  interleukin⁃6(IL⁃6),  intercellular adhesion  molecule⁃1(ICAM⁃1)  and vascular cell adhesion molecule⁃1(VCAM⁃1)  were detected by ELISA;  The mRNA levels of TLR4,  HIF⁃1α,  TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 were detected by qRT⁃PCR;  Protein expressions of TLR4,  HIF⁃1α,  TNF⁃α and  IL⁃6  were detected by Western blot;  Respectively,  si⁃RNA  of TLR4  and  HIF⁃1α  was  used  to  intervene  the  effects  of  Gly⁃LDL  on  HUVECs .  The experiment was divided into control group,  model  group  (Gly⁃LDL 100  mg/L),  si⁃TLR4  group  (Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃TLR4),  TLR4  unloading  group( Gly⁃LDL  100  mg/L + si⁃NC1),   si⁃HIF⁃1α  group  ( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃HIF⁃1α)  and  HIF⁃1α  unloading  group   ( Gly⁃LDL  100  mg/L  +  si⁃NC2) .    Protein  expressions  of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α were detected by Western blot to verify the interaction between TLR4  and  HIF⁃1α . 
		                        		
		                        			Results:
		                        			The survival rate and migration rate of HUVECs were inhibited in Gly⁃LDL(50 mg/L, 75 mg/L,  100 mg/L)  group (P < 0. 01),  the inflammatory cytokines,  such as TNF⁃α,  IL⁃6,  ICAM⁃1,VCAM⁃1  increased by Gly⁃LDL function on HUVECs(P < 0. 001),  and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4,  HIF⁃1α,  TNF⁃α and IL⁃6  increased by Gly⁃LDL in a dose dependent manner.  After TLR4 was knocked out,  the proteins expression of TLR4  and HIF⁃1α were down⁃regulated compared with model group(P < 0. 05),but after HIF⁃1α was knockout,  only the protein expression of HIF⁃1α was down⁃regulated compared with model group( P < 0. 01),while  the  protein  expression  of TLR4 was up⁃regulated under the influence of Gly⁃LDL.
		                        		
		                        			Conclusion    
		                        			 Gly⁃LDL may  inhibit the  proliferation  and migration of HUVECs by up⁃regulating TLR4/HIF⁃1α inflammatory signaling pathway,  and promote the expression of inflamma⁃tory cytokines,  leading to  vascular endothelial injury .
		                        		
		                        		
		                        		
		                        	
            

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