Objective To observe the effect of warming-needle moxibustion on intestinal flora and anal function in patients after enterostomy.Methods A total of 94 patients with colorectal cancer enterostomy were randomly divided into observation group and control group,47 cases in each group.The control group was given routine treatment after operation,and the observation group was given warming-needle moxibustion treatment on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for two weeks.After two weeks of treatment,the changes of the relative abundance of Enterococcus,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium before and after treatment in the two groups,as well as the first exhaust time,the first feeding time and the hospitalization time were observed.The changes of constipation score scale(Wexner),low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)score,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 8(IL-8)and C-reactive protein(CRP)were compared before and after treatment between the two groups,and the incidence of complications in the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)The first exhaust time,first feeding time and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the relative abundance of Enterococcus,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium in the two groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the relative abundance of Enterococcus,Escherichia coli,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the Wexner score and LARS score of anal function in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of Wexner score and LARS score of anal function in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-8 and CRP in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the improvement of serum TNF-α,IL-8 and CRP levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)The total incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment of warming-needle moxibustion for patients after enterostomy can effectively shorten the postoperative recovery time,regulate intestinal flora,improve anal function,and reduce the incidence of complications such as peristomal infection,with significant clinical effect.

AIM To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extraction from the leaves of C.camphora was isolated and purified by liquid-liquid extraction,macroporous adsorption resin chromatography,HW-40C gel column chromatography,molecular exclusion chromatography and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method.RESULT Ten flavonoids were isolated and identified as(2R,3S)-7-methoxy-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-afzelechin(1),quercetin-3-O-sambubioside(2),quercetin-3-O-β-D-apiosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside(3),quercetin-3-O-robibioside(4),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(6),5,3'-di-O-methyl-epicatechin(7)、cinchonain Ⅱb(8)、quercetin-3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside(9)、(-)-epicatechin(10).The IC50 value of compound 8 scavenging DPPH free radical was 4.8 μg/mL.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,and compound 2-6 are obtained from Cinnamomum genus for the first time,compound 7-9 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 8 shows good antioxidant activities..

Crohn’s disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Although the pharmacotherapies for Crohn’s disease are constantly updating, nutritional support and adjuvant therapies have recently gained more attention. Due to advancements in clinical nutrition, various clinical nutritional therapies are used to treat Crohn’s disease. Doctors treating inflammatory bowel disease can now offer several diets with more flexibility than ever. The Crohn’s disease exclusion diet is a widely used diet for patients with active Crohn’s disease. The Crohn’s disease exclusion diet requires both exclusion and inclusion. Periodic exclusion of harmful foods and inclusion of wholesome foods gradually improves a patient’s nutritional status. This article reviews the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet, including its structure, mechanisms, research findings, and clinical applications.

In 2006, 2014 and 2020, the positive rates of HBsAg in 560, 384 and 402 children aged 1 to 14 years were 4.5%, 2.6% and 2.5%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs was highest in 2014 (57.8%) and lowest in 2006 (34.1%) (P<0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBc was highest in 2006 (15.7%), and decreased in 2014 (7.8%) and 2020 (5.7%) (P<0.001). The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for children in Lhasa in 2006, 2014 and 2020 was 7.7% (43/560), 50.3% (193/384) and 94.8% (381/402), respectively. The overall vaccination rates were 15.4% (86/560), 35.2% (135/384) and 96.0% (386/402), respectively, showing a trend of gradual increases (χtrend values were 718.63 and 589.59, both P values<0.001).
Child ; Humans ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Vaccination

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and meteorological factors of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in Qinghai Plateau area, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. Methods A total of 356 patients with CHF admitted to our hospital in Qinghai Plateau area from 2019 to 2020 were selected, and the number of cases, age, gender, comorbidity, NYHA cardiac function classification of CHF patients in Qinghai Plateau area from 2019 to 2020 were counted. To compare NYHA cardiac function classification and underlying diseases in CHF patients at different ages and altitudes in Qinghai Plateau area. The daily average temperature (℃), daily temperature and daily range (℃), daily average wind speed (m/s), daily average air pressure (kPa) and daily average relative humidity (%) in Qinghai Plateau from 2019 to 2020 were collected. According to the general clinical data of patients, the changes of the monthly incidence of CHF patients were analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between the monthly incidence of CHF patients and meteorological factors, and to explore the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of CHD in Qinghai Plateau. Results Among the 356 CHF patients, there were 181 males and 175 females, with an average age of (72.47 ±6.49) years old. The NYHA classification of cardiac function was grade II in 103 cases, grade ⅲ in 198 cases, and grade ⅳ in 55 cases. NYHA cardiac function classification increased with age, and there was significant difference in NYHA cardiac function classification among CHF patients of different ages (P<0.05). Among 356 CHF patients, 91 cases (25.56%) were complicated with hypertension, 63 cases (17.70%) were complicated with coronary heart disease, 57 cases (16.01%) were complicated with diabetes, and 40 cases (11.24%) were complicated with hypergenic heart disease. 25 cases (7.02%) were complicated with heart valve disease. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypergenic heart disease and valvular heart disease increased with age, and there were statistically significant differences between CHF patients with different ages and underlying diseases (P<0.05). CHF patients in Qinghai Plateau region were mainly concentrated in January-March and October-December. Taking the number of CHD admissions as the dependent variable and each meteorological factor as the independent variable, the correlation between each factor was compared. The results showed that the number of CHF cases was positively correlated with the daily temperature range and daily mean air pressure, and negatively correlated with the average daily temperature (P<0.05). Daily temperature range (OR=2.61) and daily mean air pressure (OR=1.89) were independent risk factors for CHF in Qinghai Plateau area (P<0.05). Conclusion CHF is more prevalent in elderly people in high altitude areas in Qinghai Plateau. For months with high temperature changes, wind speed, we should pay attention to weather changes and take preventive measures in advance.

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of preoperative ureteroscopy (URS) on the intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). 【Methods】 The clinical data of 241 UTUC patients treated during May 2012 and Jan.2020 in the Second Hospital of Laozhou University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into URS before RNU group (URS group) and non-URS before RNU group (non-URS group). The cumulative IVR rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after RNU were compared, and the survival curve was drawn. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess risk factors affecting IVR. 【Results】 Of the 241 patients, 64 (26.6%) were included in the URS group and 177 (73.4%) in the non-URS group. In the URS group, 49 underwent biopsy and 15 did not. All patients were followed up for a median of 44 (3 to 122) months, with a median time to recurrence of 12 (3 to 56) months. IVR occurred in 18 patients (28.1%) in the URS group and 25 (14.1%) in the non-URS group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative IVR rate was higher in the URS group than in the non-URS group (all P<0.05), regardless of whether patients had a history of bladder cancer (BC) or not, while PFS was lower in the URS group than in the non-URS group (P=0.007). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that URS (P=0.031) and complicated renal pelvis tumor and ureteral tumor (P=0.004) were independent risk factors for IVR. 【Conclusion】 Preoperative URS increases the incidence of IVR in patients with UTUC, and routine preoperative use of URS is not recommended.

Aging is a natural process accompanied with a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. With an aging population, more and more elderly people are suffering from cognitive impairment. Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on cognitive function during aging. Recently, it has been discovered that neurovascular coupling (NVC), a mechanism regulating cerebral blood flow, may play a significant role in aging-related cognitive impairment. NVC responses regulate the supply of energy substances and oxygen during brain activity, which in turn enhances cognitive function. However, as people grow older, NVC responses gradually weaken, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying aging-induced cognitive impairment. Given the important role of NVC responses in the brain, it is necessary to search for intervention methods that can improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function. Exercise is an effective means to delay aging and improve cognitive function. It also has a certain promoting effect on NVC responses. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of NVC responses, the relationship between NVC responses and cognitive function, and explores the effects of aging and exercise intervention on NVC responses, hoping to provide new research ideas for exercise intervention to improve NVC responses and promote cognitive function in the elderly.
Humans ; Aged ; Neurovascular Coupling/physiology* ; Aging ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology* ; Cognition ; Brain

Objective:To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OCTD) in newborns in Zhejiang Province.Methods:A retrospective research was conducted.A total of 4 261 036 newborns from Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between January 2009 and December 2021 were screened for inherited metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry.OCTD was confirmed by urine organic acid and OTC gene analysis.Patients with OTCD received guidance on diet and lifestyle management, and were treated with citrulline and arginine.Long-term follow-up was performed.Their growth and intellectual development were evaluated. Results:A total of 7 patients with OCTD were diagnosed, with an incidence of 1.6/1 million.All patients were males.Two patients had neonatal-onset OCTD, and the other 5 had late-onset OCTD.Symptoms occurred several times in 6 patients, inducing hyperammonemia and hepatic impairment.One patient had no clinical manifestation.One patient died in the neonatal period.Blood citrulline levels were decreased in 7 patients to varying degrees.Uracil levels were increased in 4 patients, and 1 of them was complicated with elevated orotic acid levels.All patients had hemizygote variations in the OTC gene, including 6 missense variations(c.604C>T, c.386G>A, c.779T>C, c.1019C>T, c.594C>G, c.931G>A) and 1 intron variation(c.514-35C>G). Two variants(c.594C>G, c.514-35C>G) were never reported previously. Conclusions:The OTCD incidence by newborn screening is low with 1.6/1 million in Zhejiang province.All patients are males and present hypocitrullinemia.The clinical manifestations of OTCD are highly heterogeneous.The neonatal-onset form is severe and survivors always suffer serious sequelae.The late-onset form is mostly manifested with hyperammonemia and hepatic impairment.There may be association between phenotype and genotype.Two novel OTC variants are identified, which further expands the mutational spectrum.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of meningiomas in the Tibetan population in Tibet,and improve the understanding of meningiomas. Methods The clinical and pathological data of all the meningiomas diagnosed by pathology in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from April 2013 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.All the cases underwent immunohistochemical staining of trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3),mucin 4 (MUC4),somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2),progesterone receptor,epithelial membrane antigen,glial fibrillary acidic protein,vimentin,S-100,P53,and Ki-67.The histopathological features and the staining results were observed under a light microscope. Results A total of 116 cases of meningiomas were included in this study,with the male-to-female ratio of 1.0∶2.6 and the age of 4-73 years.The main clinical symptom was headache.The imaging examination showed that 114 cases had single lesions and 2 cases had multiple lesions.The tumors were located in the cranium (108 cases) and spinal canal (8 cases).The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm,with a mean of (5.7±2.2) cm.In terms of microscopic grading and histological types,the 116 cases included 111 cases of WHO grade Ⅰ (including 53 cases of fibrous type,20 cases of meningothelial type,24 cases of transitional type,10 cases of psammomatous type,etc.),4 cases of WHO grade Ⅱ (3 cases of atypical type and 1 case of clear cell type),and 1 case of WHO grade Ⅲ (papillary type).The immunohistochemical staining showed H3K27me3 expression absent in 9 cases (9/116,7.8%),MUC4 positive in 64 cases (64/116,55.2%),SSTR2 positive in 101 cases (101/116,87.1%).Eighty cases had follow-up results,among which 71 cases had no recurrence,while 9 cases recurred. Conclusions Meningioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system in the pathological file of Tibet.It mainly attacks the middle-aged female patients,occupying the parasagittal sinus,falx,and convex surface of the brain.Fibrous meningioma of WHO grade Ⅰ is common,while the meningiomas of WHO grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ are rare.The expression degree of MUC4 is higher in meningothelial and transitional meningiomas but lower in fibrous meningiomas.There may be no correlation between the absence of H3K27me3 expression and prognosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Histones ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Meningioma/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the disease spectrum and clinicopathological characteristics of central nervous system(CNS)diseases diagnosed based on pathological findings in Tibet. Methods We collected the data of all the cases with CNS lesions in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020.The clinicopathological features were analyzed via light microscopy,immunohistochemical staining,and special staining. Results A total of 383 CNS cases confirmed by pathological diagnosis were enrolled in this study,with a male-to-female ratio of 188∶195 and an average age of(40.03±17.39)years(0-74 years).Among them,127(33.2%)cases had non-neoplastic diseases,with a male-to-female ratio of 82∶45 and an average age of(31.99±19.29)years;256(66.8%)cases had neoplastic diseases,with a male-to-female ratio of 106∶150 and an average age of(44.01±14.87)years.The main non-neoplastic diseases were nervous system infectious diseases,cerebral vascular diseases,meningocele,cerebral cyst,and brain trauma.Among the infectious diseases,brain abscess,granulomatous inflammation,cysticercosis,and hydatidosis were common.The main neoplastic diseases included meningioma,pituitary adenoma,neuroepithelial tumor,schwannoma,metastatic tumor,and hemangioblastoma.The meningioma cases consisted of 95.4%(103/108)cases of grade Ⅰ,3.7%(4/108)cases of grade Ⅱ,and only 1(1/108,0.9%)case of grade Ⅲ.Among the neuroepithelial tumor cases,the top three were glioblastoma,grade Ⅲ diffuse glioma,and ependymoma. Conclusions There are diverse CNS diseases confirmed by pathological diagnosis in Tibet,among which non-neoplastic diseases account for 1/3 of all the cases.Infectious and vascular diseases are the most common non-neoplastic diseases in Tibet,and tuberculosis and parasitic infections are relatively common.The types and proportion of brain tumors in Tibet are different from those in other regions of China,and meningioma is the most common in Tibet,with higher proportion than neuroepithelial tumor.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ependymoma ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet/epidemiology* ; Young Adult