Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common fundus vascular diseases and a leading cause of blindness in adults of working age.The occurrence and development of DR involves a variety of pathophysiologic mecha-nisms,including metabolic dysregulation,oxidative stress,inflammation,and neurovascular unit hypofunction.Conven-tional clinical treatments,such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and retinal laser photocoagulation,have long treatment cycles and variable outcomes in some patients and sometimes require vitrectomy in the later stages of the disease.With the in-depth research on the molecular level of the pathogenesis of DR,a number of biological therapeutic modalities,such as targeted therapy,gene therapy,immunotherapy and cell therapy,have received more and more atten-tion from researchers.This review summarizes the biologic therapeutic modalities currently available for DR and outlines the benefits and limitations of these approaches with a view to informing researchers.

Objective To explore the risk factors of apathy and correlations with cognitive function in patients with hypertension combined with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD).Methods Totally 141 patients with hypertension combined with CSVD were prospectively enrolled and were divided into apathy group(n=43)and non-apathy group(n= 98)according to neuropsychiatric inventory-apathy scale(NPI-Apathy)scores.The general data,imaging marker scores and total imaging burden scores were compared between groups.In hypertension combined with CSVD patients,multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the independent risk factors of apathy,and Spearman correlation analysis was also performed to observe the correlation of apathy and cognitive function.Results The patients'age,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),Fazekas scores of lateral periventricular white matter hyper-intensity(WMH),cerebral microbleed of depth/infratentorial and total imaging burden scores of apathy group were all higher,while mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores were both lower than those of non-apathy group(all P＜0.05).HDL-C and Fazekas scores of lateral periventricular WMH were both independent risk factors for apathy(both P＜0.05),while NPI-Apathy scores were moderately negatively correlated with cognitive function in patients with hypertension combined with CSVD(r=-0.543,-0.484,both P＜0.001).Conclusion HDL-C and Fazekas scores of lateral periventricular WMH were both independent risk factors for apathy in patients with hypertension combined with CSVD.The more severe the apathy,the lower the cognitive function.

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of GATA-3 and H3K27me3 in Tibetan patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC).

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of benzyl isothiocyanate(BITC) in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC).Methods:Using network pharmacological analysis, key targets of BITC and ATC were screened, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. In order to validate the findings, AutoDock software was used to dock BITC and ATC key targets. BITC was applied to two ATC cell lines(8505C and CAL-62). Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis. Autophagy inhibitors hydroxychloroquine sulfate(HCQ) and 3-methyladenine(3MA) were used in combination with BITC. Real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to detect the gene level of LC3B, while Western blotting was utilized to examine the expression of NF-κB, LC3B Ⅱ, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2. In animal experiments, a mouse tumor model was constructed using CAL-62 cells, treated with intraperitoneal injections of BITC(100 mg/kg) and normal saline respectively, administered every other day for a total of 21 days. Immunoblotting of tumor tissue was performed to detect the expression of LC3B Ⅱ, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, and NF-κB.Results:A total of 10 key targets with binding energies≤-4.0 kcal/mol were identified. KEGG analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis. BITC inhibited ATC cells with IC50 values of 27.56 μmol/L for 8505C and 28.30 μmol/L for CAL-62. The expression levels of NF-κB, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2 decreased, while LC3B Ⅱ and LC3B gene expression increased. Combining 3MA with BITC enhanced cell inhibition LC3B Ⅱ expression. HCQ increased LC3B Ⅱ expression without enhancing cell and viability inhibition. In the mouse tumor model, compared to the control group, the treatment group had higher LC3B Ⅱ and lower Bcl-2, Beclin-1, and NF-κB levels.Conclusion:BITC could inhibit the growth of ATC cells in vitro and in vivo, disrupt the autophagy degradation, and inhibit the NF-κB pathway.

The methanol extract of Huperzia serrata was separated and purified by ODS, AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, dextran gel Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatography combined with the semi-pre HPLC. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by MS, IR, NMR, etc. Four compounds were isolated from Huperzia serrata and identified, named as serratinine C (1), lycobeline C (2), diphaladin A (3) and crenatine (4). Compound 1 is a new alkaloid, compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time. In vitro biological activity experiments showed that compound 1 could significantly reduce the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in glial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and had significant antioxidant biological activity.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria for infection after liver transplantation, and to provide a scientific basis for the rational clinical application of antibiotics. Methods The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the specimens of 904 patients with infection after liver transplantation in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2014 to December 2021 were analyzed in terms of distribution and drug resistance. WHONET 5.6 software was used to perform a statistical analysis of strains and bacterial resistance rate, and Excel was used to analyze the sources of specimens, composition ratios, and distribution of pathogenic bacteria. Results A total of 2 208 non-repetitive pathogenic bacteria were isolated, mainly from the specimens of respiratory tract (31.25%), bile (22.28%), ascites (13.18%), blood (8.38%), and drainage fluid (4.62%). The top 10 pathogenic bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies (10.69%), Enterococcus faecium (10.42%), Escherichia coli (8.24%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.24%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.06%), Acinetobacter baumannii (7.93%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.61%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.22%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3.08%), and Staphylococcus aureus (2.94%), accounting for 69.43% of the total pathogenic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from respiratory tract specimens; Enterococcus faecium was the main pathogenic bacterium isolated from bile, ascites, and drainage fluid specimens; Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies were the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood specimens. Drug sensitivity data showed that Enterobacterales bacteria had a relatively high resistance rate to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and a resistance rate of < 10% to amikacin among aminoglycosides, with no strains resistant to tigecycline; compared with Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies had a higher resistance rate to meropenem (14.71% vs 5.66%) and imipenem (11.35% vs 6.29%); non-fermentative bacteria had a relatively high resistance rate to carbapenems, with a resistance rate of < 10% to tigecycline and colistin. Among Gram-positive cocci, Enterococcus faecium had a resistance rate of 6.17% to vancomycin and 2.44% to quinupristin/dalfopristin, with no strains resistant to tigecycline and linezolid; Staphylococcus epidermidis had a resistance rate of > 50% to macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and lincomycin, and a small part of these strains were resistant to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin (< 3%), with no Staphylococcus epidermidis strains resistant to tigecycline and vancomycin. A total of 287 drug-resistant strains were monitored, accounting for 13%, among which there were 128 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, 88 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 26 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies strains, 11 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains, 23 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and 11 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains. The carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies strains mainly produced serine carbapenemase, and the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains mainly produced metal β-lactamase. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria for infection after liver transplantation, and there are differences in the distribution of pathogenic bacteria between different types of specimens. The resistance rate of some strains tend to increase, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of nosocomial infection and antibiotics.

Objective: To explore the current situation of work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: From August to October 2020, 26002 nursing staff from tertiary hospitals, secondary public hospitals, secondary private hospitals, primary hospitals, and other medical institutions in Tianjin City were selected as objects, and their general situation and working stress situation were surveyed by the general information questionnaire and the Nurse's Work Stressor Scale. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of work stress among nursing staff. Results: The average age of 26002 nursing staff was (33.86±8.28) years old, and the average working years were (11.84±9.12) years. There were 24874 women (95.66%) and 1128 men (4.34%). The total score of work stress was (79.82±21.69), and the average score of workload and time allocation dimension was the highest (2.55±0.79). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status (β=-0.015, P=0.014), employment form as contract system (β=0.022, P=0.001), post as clinical nursing (β=0.048, P<0.001), education level (β=0.024, P<0.001), age (β=0.050, P<0.001), working years (β=0.075, P<0.001), and professional title (β=0.036, P<0.001) were the influencing factors of work stress, which explained 22.8% of the total variation in work stress of nursing staff (F=24.25, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City is high, the corresponding departments and nursing managers should adopt scientific management methods to reduce the workload of nursing staff according to the influencing factors of work stress, so as to create a good atmosphere for further promoting the healthy development of nursing career and nursing industry in the new era.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Occupational Stress/epidemiology* ; Nursing Staff ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Employment

Rats ; Animals ; Okadaic Acid/toxicity* ; PC12 Cells ; Triterpenes ; tau Proteins/metabolism* ; Phosphorylation

Objective: To investigate the association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years. Methods: A total of 5 048 male participants aged 18 to 79 years were recruited from the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food intake frequency and health status. Venous blood and urine samples were collected to detect the level of serum total testosterone, urinary arsenic and urinary creatinine. Participants were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high) based on the tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic concentration. Weighted multiple linear regression was fitted to analyze the association of urinary arsenic with serum total testosterone. Results: The weighted average age of 5 048 Chinese men was (46.72±0.40) years. Geometric mean concentration (95%CI) of urinary arsenic, creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic and serum testosterone was 22.46 (20.08, 25.12) μg/L, 19.36 (16.92, 22.15) μg/g·Cr and 18.13 (17.42, 18.85) nmol/L, respectively. After controlling for covariates, compared with the low-level urinary arsenic group, the testosterone level of the participants in the middle-level group and the high-level group decreased gradually. The percentile ratio (95%CI) was -5.17% (-13.14%, 3.54%) and -10.33% (-15.68%, -4.63). The subgroup analysis showed that the association between the urinary arsenic level and testosterone level was more obvious in the group with BMI<24 kg/m² group (P_interaction=0.023). Conclusion: There is a negative association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years.
Humans ; Male ; Arsenic/urine* ; Creatinine ; East Asian People ; Testosterone/blood* ; Urinalysis ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged