Objective: To understand the status and related factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on vision health among young children s parents in Bao an District, Shenzhen, so as to provide reference for further controlling myopia and promoting children s visual health. Methods: From May 16th to 26th, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on 7 666 parents of kindergarten children across 41 kindergartens in a street of Bao an District, Shenzhen. The t-test, variance analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of KAP on vision health among children s parents. Results: The pass rates of parental vision KAP and overall assessment were 25.10%, 98.49 %, 71.18% and 58.26%, respectively. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that only fathers with myopia, only mothers with myopia, both parents with myopia, children in the bottom classes, middle classes, senior classes, and pre school had higher standardized scores for KAP on vision health among parents ( β=0.08, 0.11, 0.16, 0.17, 0.16, 0.16, 0.05, P <0.05), compared to both parents without myopia and children in daycare classes. Parents of young children with myopia, and who didn t know their children s visual acuity and their own visual acuity had a lower KAP standardized scores ( β=-0.02, -0.04, -0.05 , P< 0.05). Conclusions Young children s parents in Bao an District hold a positive attitude towards vision health, but are lack of knowledge and practice. It is imperative to transmit accurate information and concepts about children s vision health to parents in a targeted manner. In particular, knowledge and guidance should be strengthened for children s parents.

Objective To explore the role of neogambogic acid in the characteristics of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-CSCs) through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods The colorectal cells SW480 and HCT166 were divided into control group and neogambogic acid groups (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 μmol/L). The viability of CRC-CSCs was determined by MTT method, and spheroid and clone formation assays were used to assess the capacity of spheroid formation and self-renewal ability of the cells. The effects of neogambogic acid on the apoptosis and cell cycle of CRC-CSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of relative markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog) of CRC-CSCs, and the protein expression levels of the self-renewal marker (PCNA), apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway markers (p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt) were analyzed using Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, after neogambogic acid treatment, the viability of SW480 and HCT116 cells decreased (P<0.05), the spheroid forming ability and the clone numbers of CRC-CSCs decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01) but the cell apoptosis rate increased (P<0.01), and cell cycle was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. Moreover, neogambogic acid downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of relative markers of CRC-CSCs (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog), PCNA, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt (P<0.05) and upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and GSK3β (P<0.01). Conclusion Neogambogic can inhibit the stem cell properties of colorectal cells via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As a result, neogambogic acid may be an attractive agent against colorectal cancer.

AIM: To investigate the expression of serum growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and thrombospondin 1(TSP1)in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR), and discuss their relationship with microvascular injury.METHODS: Totally 102 DR patients were served as DR group and assigned into non proliferative DR group(NPDR group)and proliferative DR group(PDR group)based on the severity of DR lesions. Meantime, 100 patients with simple diabetes were served as control group. Serum indicators of microvascular injury including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), endothelial cells(ECs), endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), and levels of GDF11 and TSP1 were measured in each group. Pearson method was used to discuss the correlation between GDF11, TSP1 and microvascular injury indicators. Logistic regression was used to discuss the factors that affected the occurrence of DR. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the evaluation value of serum GDF11 and TSP1 for the DR conditions.RESULTS: For the control group, DR group had lower EPCs and GDF11, and higher VEGF, ECs, and TSP1 levels(all P<0.05). The PDR group had lower GDF11 and higher TSP1 than the NPDR group(all P<0.05). Serum GDF11 was negatively related to VEGF and ECs(r=-0.486, -0.511, all P<0.001), and positively related to EPCs(r=0.475, P<0.001). TSP1 was positively related to VEGF and ECs(r=0.579, 0.594, all P<0.001), and negatively related to EPCs(r=-0.505, P<0.001). Moreover, GDF11 and TSP1 were negatively correlated(r=-0.443, P<0.001). The course of T2DM, VEGF, and TSP1 were risk factors for DR, while GDF11 was a protective factor(all P<0.05). The AUC of GDF11, TSP1, and combined diagnosis for PDR conditions was 0.819, 0.822, and 0.915, respectively. The combined diagnosis was better than single diagnosis(Zcombination-GDF11=2.070, P=0.039, Zcombination-TSP1=2.274, P=0.023).CONCLUSION: GDF11 and TSP1 are closely associated with microvascular injury in DR patients and are related to the progression of DR disease, and the combined detection of their serum levels is of clinical value in the assessment of DR disease.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-204-5p expression and prognosis in patients with supraglottic carcinoma.METHODS From November 2016 to November 2020,118 patients with supraglottic carcinoma who were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology,Baoding First Central Hospital were analyzed,as the observation group,and 118 healthy adults were selected as the control group.The observation group was divided into poor prognosis group(n=20 cases)and good prognosis group(n=98 cases)according to the survival situation.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)technology was applied to detect the expression levels of LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-204-5p.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-204-5p levels.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of serum LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-204-5p levels for the prognosis of patients with supraglottic carcinoma.RESULTS The serum LncRNA MALAT1 level in the observation group was prominently higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the miR-204-5p level was prominently lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The expression level of serum LncRNA MALAT1 was negatively correlated with miR-204-5p(r=-0.487,P<0.001).The levels of serum LncRNA MALAT1 and miR-204-5p were related to T staging,lymph node metastasis,and differentiation degree(P<0.05).The level of serum LncRNA MALAT1 in the poor prognosis group was greatly higher than that in the good prognosis group(P<0.05),while the proportions of T1 stage,no lymph node metastasis,high differentiation,clinical stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ,and the level of serum miR-204-5p were greatly lower than those in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the AUC of LncRNA MALAT1 combined miR-204-5p in predicting the prognosis of supraglottic carcinoma patients was prominently higher than that of LncRNA MALAT1 alone(Z=3.079,P=0.002)and miR-204-5p alone(Z=3.338,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Serum LncRNA MALAT1 level is elevated and serum miR-204-5p level is reduced in patients with supraglottic carcinoma.They have certain value in evaluating the prognosis of patients with supraglottic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the plasma cyclic RNA(Circ)OGDH,CircHECTD1 expression in pa-tients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 112 AIS patients admitted to the hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the AIS group,while 60 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Based on whether they had vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)at the 3-month follow-up after dis-charge,AIS patients were divided into VCI group(60 cases)and non VCI group(52 cases).According to the prognosis of AIS patients at the 3-month follow-up after discharge,they were divided into good prognosis group(87 cases)and poor prognosis group(25 cases).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the plasma expression of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1.The Simple Intelligent Mental Scale(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA),and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores were used to assess the degree of VCI and neurological impairment in AIS patients.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between CircOGDH,CircHECTD1 and clinical parameters.Factors affecting the poor prognosis of AIS patients were analyzed by Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the evaluation value of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 for poor prognosis in AIS patients.Results The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 in the AIS group were higher than those in the control group(t=23.616,29.181,P<0.05).The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 in the VCI group were higher than those in the non VCI group(t=12.657,27.667,P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had greater infarct size,higher 24 h NIHSS score at admission,and higher relative ex-pression levels of CircOGDH,and CircHECTD1,while the MMSE score and MoCA score at 3 months after discharge were significantly lower(P<0.05).The plasma relative expression levels of CircOGDH and Cir-cHECTD1 in AIS patients were significantly positively correlated with infarct size and 24 h NIHSS score at admission,while they were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE score and MoCA score at 3 months after discharge(P<0.05).Elevated relative expression levels of CircOGDH,CircHECTD1,larger infarct size,and higher 24 h NIHSS score at admission were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AIS pa-tients(all P<0.05).The area under the curve of the combination of plasma CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 for predicting the poor prognosis in AIS was 0.903(95%CI:0.852-0.955),which was significantly larger than 0.831(95%CI:0.781-0.866)and 0.836(95%CI:0.794-0.870)of the single indicator(Z=2.258,2.119,P=0.021,0.031).Conclusion The plasma CircOGDH and CircHECTD1 expression in AIS patients is up-regulated,which is related to the degree of VCI and neurological impairment in patients.The combination of these two factors has high predictive value for the poor prognosis in AIS patients.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Forest encephalitis is a natural focal disease transmitted through the bite of hard ticks, and its pathogen is the tick-borne encephalitis virus from the Flaviviridae family. The mortality rate of forest encephalitis is relatively high, making laboratory testing significant in diagnosing this disease. This article elaborates on the etiological diagnostic methods and recent research progress in forest encephalitis. Laboratory tests for forest encephalitis mainly include routine examinations, serological tests, virus isolation, and molecular biological testing. The detection of serum-specific IgM antibodies against the forest encephalitis virus is of great importance for early diagnosis, and specific IgG antibodies serve as a "gold standard" for differentiation from other diseases. Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, the serum hemagglutination inhibition test or serum complement fixation test, and the double serum hemagglutination inhibition test or complement fixation test all contribute to the early diagnosis. The development of molecular testing methods is rapid, and techniques such as metabolomics, digital PCR, and matrix metalloproteinases are also applied in the early diagnosis of forest encephalitis.

Objective In order to address the issues of inconvenience,high medical costs,and lack of universality associated with traditional knee rehabilitation equipment,a portable intelligent wheelchair for knee rehabilitation was designed in this study.Methods Based on the analysis of the knee joint's structure and rehabilitation mechanisms,an electric pushrod-driven rehabilitation institution was developed.A multi-functional module was designed with a modular approach,and the control of the wheelchair body and each functional module was implemented using an STM32 single-chip microcomputer.A three-dimensional model was established using SolidWorks software.In conjunction with Adams and Ansys simulation software,kinematic and static analyses were conducted on the knee joint rehabilitation institution and its core components.A prototype was constructed to verify the equipment's actual performance.Results According to the prototype testing,the actual range of motion for the knee joint swing rod is 15.1°～88.9°,the angular speed of the swing rod ranges from-7.9 to 8.1°/s,the angular acceleration of the swing rod varies from-4.2 to 1.6°/s2,the thrust range of the electric pushrod is-82.6 to 153.1 N,and the maximum displacement of the load pedal is approximately 1.7 mm,with the leg support exhibiting a maximum deformation of about 1.5 mm.Conclusion The intelligent knee joint rehabilitation wheelchair meets the designed functions and its actual performance aligns with the design criteria,thus validating the rationality and feasibility of the structural design.

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of a child with Hypotrichosis 14.Methods:A child who had presented at the Henan Provincial People′s Hospital on May 4, 2020 due to hair thinning was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the child and her parents. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.Results:The child, a 5-year-old female, had presented with thin, soft lanugo-like hair which was easy to fall off. The child was found to harbor compound heterozygous missense variants of the LSS gene, namely c. 1609G>A (p.V537M) in exon 17 and c. 802T>G (p.F268V) in exon 8, which were respectively inherited from her father and mother. Both variant sites were highly conserved, though based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), both variants were rated as variants of unknown significance (PM2_Supporting+ PP3+ PP4). Conclusion:The c. 1609G>A (p.V537M) and c. 802T>G (p.F268V) compound heterozygous variants of the LSS gene probably underlay the clinical phenotype in this patient.

Forest encephalitis is a natural focal disease transmitted through the bite of hard ticks, and its pathogen is the tick-borne encephalitis virus from the Flaviviridae family. The mortality rate of forest encephalitis is relatively high, making laboratory testing significant in diagnosing this disease. This article elaborates on the etiological diagnostic methods and recent research progress in forest encephalitis. Laboratory tests for forest encephalitis mainly include routine examinations, serological tests, virus isolation, and molecular biological testing. The detection of serum-specific IgM antibodies against the forest encephalitis virus is of great importance for early diagnosis, and specific IgG antibodies serve as a "gold standard" for differentiation from other diseases. Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or indirect immunofluorescence assay for detecting specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, the serum hemagglutination inhibition test or serum complement fixation test, and the double serum hemagglutination inhibition test or complement fixation test all contribute to the early diagnosis. The development of molecular testing methods is rapid, and techniques such as metabolomics, digital PCR, and matrix metalloproteinases are also applied in the early diagnosis of forest encephalitis.