Objective:To investigate the effects of birth intervals on maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:This retrospective study recruited 445 pregnant women with GDM who received prenatal examinations and delivered in Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Based on the birth interval classification standard recommended by WHO and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, these subjects were divided into three groups: shorter group (<18 months, n=69), normal group (18-59 months, n=213) and longer group (≥60 months, n=163). Analysis of variance, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences in the maternal age at this and previous pregnancy [(30.6±4.1), (30.8±3.8) vs (32.7±3.7) years; (22.7±2.4), (26.3±2.9) vs (29.9±4.1) years] and the incidence of oligohydramnios [10.1% (7/69), 1.9% (4/213) vs 3.1% (5/163)] and preterm birth [14.5% (10/69), 5.2% (11/213) vs 1.8% (3/163)] between the shorter, normal, and longer groups (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors in the present pregnancy, the risks of oligohydramnios, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased in the shorter group [ OR (95% CI): 4.73 (1.75-12.85), 5.54 (1.37-22.42) and 9.54 (3.05-29.82), all P<0.05] and so did the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the longer group [ OR (95% CI): 4.45 (1.72-11.49), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Both longer and shorter birth intervals can affect maternal and infant outcomes of GDM patients. Postpartum healthcare should be strengthened for GDM patients who desire more children to help them maintain an appropriate birth interval, thus promoting maternal and infant health.

Objective To assess the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT) levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS),so as to provide a reference for prevention and diagnosis of MS.Methods Ten papers about the relationship between γGT level and incident MS published in Pubmed,Embase,and the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI),China Academic Journal Full-text Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Digital Periodicals Database from January 2000 to April 2014 were retrieved and analysed.Results A total of 65 331 participants from the ten studies were included in the rmeta-analysis.The pooled RR was 2.06 (95％ CI 1.63-2.49) when the incidence of MS was compared between the highest and the lowest groups of γGT levels.A subgroup analysis was made in Asian and western populations.The pooled RR of MS in Asian population was 2.26 (95 ％ CI 1.65-2.87) and in western population it was 1.70 (95 ％ CI 1.15-2.25).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results.No publication bias was found in our meta-analysis by Egger's and Begg's test.Conclusion Current evidences from prospective studies indicate that risk of metabolic syndrome is increased in correlation with an increase in serum γGT,and serum γGT seems to be an important predictor for MS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS,eNOS) in thoracic aorta in a rat model of sepsis.Methods Eighty pathogen-free female Wistar rats aged 4 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group normal control (group Ⅰ,n =8) ; group sham operation (group Ⅱ,n =8) ; group sepsis (group Ⅲ,n =32) and group simvastatin preconditioning (group Ⅳ,n =32).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In group Ⅳ simvastatin 20 mg/kg was given via a gastric tube once a day for 2 weeksbefore CLP.The thoracic aorta specimens were taken at 3,6,24 and 48 h after CLP (n =8 at each time point)for detection of iNOS and eNOS protein expression by Western blot analysis.ResultsCLP significantly up-regulated iNOS expression and down-regulated eNOS expression in group Ⅲ as compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Simvastatin pretreatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced increase in iNOS expression and decrease in eNOS expression in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅲ.ConclusionSimvastatin preconditioning can protect vascular endothelial cells from septic injury by down-regulating iNOS expression and up-regulating eNOS expression in vascular endothelial cells.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)measures the body composition and its change by the electric feature of the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid.It has been widely used for its noninvasiveness, convenience and accuracy, especially in population epidemiology and clinical monitoring.We aim to review the advantages and shortcomings,and try to discuss about the application of this technique and its potential.

Objective To explore the clinical application of blood perfusion quantitatively by contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) to grade cerebral gliomas during operation. Methods Thirty-one patients with cerebral gliomas were examined by CEUS with Sonoliver software during operation. Maximum intensity (IMAX), time to peak (TTP), rising time (RT) and mean transit time(mTT) of the regions of interest (ROIs) of normal brain tissue and high- and low-grade gliomas were respectively determined and comparatively analyzed. Results Fifteen high-grade gliomas and sixteen low-grade gliomas were postoperatively confirmed by pathologic results. The administration of contrast agent led to higher echo enhancement in cerebral gliomas than normal brain tissues in all cases. The TTP of high- and low-grade gliomas were significantly shorter than that of normal cerebral tissues ( P ＜0.05) ,and the mTT was longer than that of normal brain tissue( P ＜0. 05). There was significant differences of IMAX and TTP between high- and low-grade gliomas(P ＜0.05), but there was no significant difference of RT and mTT between the two groups ( P ＞0.05). Conclusions CEUS with quantitative analysis software on blood perfusion of the tumors can provide valuable information to grade cerebral gliomas.

To study the protective effects of salidroside on oxidative damage in fatigue mice.

ificantly lower than in both middle and low group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TP may improve the antioxidant ability of experimental aging mice.

Objective: To study the effect and possible mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 in sports CNS fatigue and dose-response relationship.Methods: Kun Ming male mice were divided randomly into 6 groups: control group and five different doses groups(5,10,20,40,80 mg/kg).They were treated orally with Ginsenoside Rg1 for 2 weeks.The levels of amino acids of brain tissue were tested after swimming for 90 min and the exhaustive swimming time were recorded.Results: The levels of BCAA and the ratio of BCAA/AAA in groups 5,10 and 20 mg/kg were significantly higher than control group and the levels of AAA in groups 5,10,20 and 40 mg/kg were significantly decreased.The exhaustive swimming time in groups 5,10 and 20 mg/kg were much longer than in control group.Conclusion: Through adjusting the ratio of BCAA and AAA and decreasing the level of excitatory amino acids neurotransmitter,Ginsenoside Rg1 can elevate movement ability and resist against CNS fatigue.The roles of mid-low and low doses may be better.

0.05). Conclusion The changes of serum protein electrophoresis results in the parturient women were mainly presented with the decreased in albumin and ? globin levels, increased percent of ? 1,? 2 and ? globins, increased percent of ? 2 and ? globins markedly related with increased ? and ? lipoprotein. Agarose gel electrophoresis as a screening method for component of serum proteins is valuable.