Objective     To explore the correlation between the quantitative and qualitative features of CT images and the invasiveness of pulmonary ground-glass nodules, providing reference value for preoperative planning of patients with ground-glass nodules. Methods    The patients with ground-glass nodules who underwent surgical treatment and were diagnosed with pulmonary adenocarcinoma from September 2020 to July 2022 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were collected. Based on the pathological diagnosis results, they were divided into two groups: a non-invasive adenocarcinoma group with in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and an invasive adenocarcinoma group. Imaging features were collected, and a univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of the patients. Variables with statistical difference were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish a predictive model of invasive adenocarcinoma based on independent risk factors. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on the Youden index. Results     A total of 555 patients were collected. The were 310 patients in the non-invasive adenocarcinoma group, including 235 females and 75 males, with a meadian age of 49 (43, 58) years, and 245 patients in the invasive adenocarcinoma group, including 163 females and 82 males, with a meadian age of 53 (46, 61) years. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter (OR=4.707, 95%CI 2.060 to 10.758), consolidation/tumor ratio (CTR, OR=1.027, 95%CI 1.011 to 1.043), maximum CT value (OR=1.025, 95%CI 1.004 to 1.047), mean CT value (OR=1.035, 95%CI 1.008 to 1.063), spiculation sign (OR=2.055, 95%CI 1.148 to 3.679), and vascular convergence sign (OR=2.508, 95%CI 1.345 to 4.676) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of invasive adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Based on the independent predictive factors, a predictive model of invasive adenocarcinoma was constructed. The formula for the model prediction was: Logit(P)=–1.293+1.549×maximum diameter of lesion+0.026×CTR+0.025×maximum CT value+0.034×mean CT value+0.72×spiculation sign+0.919×vascular convergence sign. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.910 (95%CI 0.885 to 0.934), indicating that the model had good discrimination ability. The calibration curve showed that the predictive model had good calibration, and the decision analysis curve showed that the model had good clinical utility. Conclusion     The predictive model combining quantitative and qualitative features of CT has a good predictive ability for the invasiveness of ground-glass nodules. Its predictive performance is higher than any single indicator.

Objective:To investigate the application of retroauricular groove incision in the resection of benign tumors in the deep lobe of parotid.Methods:From January 2017 to January 2022, 19 patients (11 males and 8 females, age ranged from 17 to 69 years, with a median age of 48) with benign tumor in the deep lobe of parotid gland underwent parotidectomy through retroauricular sulcus incision in Linyi People′s Hospital. Among them, 17 cases with tumor diameter≤4.0 cm underwent simple retroauricular groove incision, and 2 cases were dumbbell type with tumor diameter>4.0 cm on the medial side of mandible protruding into the parapharyngeal space, in which the deep lobe and tumor of parotid gland were resected through retroauricular sulcus incision combined with intraoral incision.Results:Tumors were completely removed through retroauricular sulcus incision in 17 cases, and dumbbell type tumors were removed through retroauricular sulcus incision combined with intraoral incision in 2 cases. Postoperative pathological examinations showed pleomorphic adenoma in 13 cases, basal cell adenoma in 4 cases and Warthin′s tumor in 2 cases. Temporary mandibular marginal branch paralysis occurred in 2 patients and returned to normal 3 weeks after operation. All incisions healed in Phase I. By following-up of 1-5 years with a median follow-up time of 3.1 years, none of the patients had Frey syndrome, salivary fistula, other complications and tumor recurrence. The patients and their families were satisfied with the postoperative facial appearances.Conclusion:The retroauricular groove approach can not only preserve the function of parotid superficial lobe and facial nerve, but also has less trauma, less tissue defect and hidden scar. As the advantages of less complication, low recurrence rate and good cosmetic effect, the incision is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint of Shengyutang and quantitative analysis method of 11 index components in this famous classical formula. Method:UPLC-diode array detector/evaporative light scattering detector （UPLC-PDA/ELSD） was used， two chromatographic conditions were established by different detectors according to the polarity of chemical components. Conditions of fingerprint 1 were as follows：ACQUITY UPLC HSS T₃ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 µm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.6% formic acid solution （C） for gradient elution （0-4 min， 0-4%A； 4-8 min， 4%A； 8-9 min， 4%-8%A； 9-14 min， 8%-9%A； 14-21 min， 9%-15%A； 21-26 min， 15%-17%A； 26-30 min， 17%-20%A； 30-35 min， 20%-32%A； 35-40 min， 32%-40%A； 40-50 min， 40%-80%A； 50-55 min， 80%A）， the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1， PDA with detection wavelengths of 280 nm and 321 nm， the column temperature at 30 ℃. Conditions of fingerprint 2 were as follows：the CORTECS C₁₈ column （3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-water （D） for gradient elution （0-11 min， 19%A； 11-16 min， 19%-25%A； 16-34 min， 25%-28%A； 34-47 min， 28%-47%A； 47-60 min， 47%-80%A）， the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1， ELSD with drift tube temperature of 95 ℃， the carrier gas （air） flow rate of 2.0 L·min^-1， and the column temperature at 30 ℃. UPLC-PDA/ELSD fingerprints of 15 batches of Shengyutang were established， and the similarity was evaluated by similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine （2012 edition） issued by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission， and the contents of eleven index components in this famous classical formula were determined. Result:The similarities of UPLC-PDA/ELSD fingerprints of 15 batches of Shengyutang were >0.98 by comparing with the control fingerprint， 27 and 16 common peaks were identified in fingerprint 1， 2， respectively. It was tested and verified that the precision， repeatability， stability， linear relationship and other results of this method all met the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， calycosin glucoside， verbascoside， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H， senkyunolide A， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Re， ginsenoside Rb₁ and astragaloside A in 15 batches of Shengyutang were 0.063-0.193， 0.509-0.638， 0.160-0.318， 0.012-0.056， 0.394-0.519， 0.110-0.143， 0.031-0.097， 0.382-0.595， 0.292-0.505， 0.590-0.803， 0.142-0.367 mg·g^-1， respectively. Conclusion:The established detection method meets the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， which can characterize the overall characteristics of chemical components in Shengyutang， and provide experimental basis for the quality standard research of this famous classical formula.

Objective:To establish the ultraperformance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark， and to establish a quantitative analysis method for simultaneous determination of the contents of five index components， so as to provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of this famous classical formula. Method:ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH^TM C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） was used with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-7 min， 5%-7%A； 7-11 min， 7%-8%A； 11-22 min， 8%-14%A； 22-30 min， 14%-15%A； 30-35 min， 15%-25%A； 35-42 min， 25%-40%A； 42-45 min， 40%-50%A； 45-50 min， 50%-60%A）， the flow rate was 0.35 mL·min^-1， the column temperature was 25 ℃， the detection wavelengths were 278 nm and 248 nm. UPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark were established， and the "Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine" software （2012 edition） was used for similarity analysis， and the common peaks were assigned. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to evaluate the fingerprint data. UPLC fingerprint method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of five components in the substance benchmark. Result:The method validation of fingerprint and determination method was good， the similarities between 15 batches of Pipa Qingfeiyin substance benchmark and their control fingerprint were ≥0.997， 23 common peaks were identified and 11 chromatographic peaks were identified. CA， PCA and OPLS-DA divided 15 batches of the substance benchmark into two groups. The linear relationship of phellodendrine hydrochloride， chlorogenic acid， berberine hydrochloride， palmatine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate was good in a certain range of concentration （R²>0.999）， their average recovery was 96.47%-101.16%， and the contents of these five components in the substance benchmark were 0.87-2.00， 1.53-5.95， 18.45-33.97， 3.87-6.29， 1.02-4.12 mg·g^-1， respectively. Conclusion:The established UPLC fingerprint and multi-index component content determination methods have strong specificity， good resolution and high sensitivity， it can be characterized except for the Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma flavor， which can provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of Pipa Qingfeiyin compound preparation.

Objective To investigate the role of AT1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) in the inhibitory action of irbesartan on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptotic signals in rat kidney with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods DN model rats were induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,and the serum level of AT1-AA was detected by ELISA.These DN rats with positive or negative AT1-AA were divided into DN group and irbesartan treated group.After 4 weeks of irbesartan treatment,TUNEL staining was used to detect renal cell apoptosis.The protein and mRNA expressions of ERS chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and ERS-associated apoptosis proteins were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR.Results Compared with NC group,the apoptosis rate of renal cells in DN group was obviously increased,along with the increased expressions of GRP78,C/EBP homology protein (CHOP),phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),and Caspase12 protein and mRNA (all P＜0.01).The cell apoptosis and protein and mRNA levels of these genes were significantly decreased after irbesartan treatment (all P＜ 0.01),especially in AT1-AA positive DN rats(all P＜0.05).The renal cell apoptosis rate,and protein and mRNA levels of these four genes in AT1-AA positive DN group were much greater than those in AT1-AA negative DN group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions AT1-AA may be involved in ERS-related cell apoptosis in the kidney of DN rats,and play a role in irbesartan-improved renal function via inhibiting ERS-associated CHOP-JNK-Caspase12 apoptotic signals and renal cell apoptosis.

Objective To observe the effects of doxazosin on the expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen fiber in autoantibodies against α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AA) positive diabetic rats,and to investigate the protective mechanism of doxazosin on cardiomyopathy of diabetic rats.Methods After establishment of diabetes model with streptozocin,diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetic group (group A,n =10),doxazosin treated group (group B,n =10),α1-AA mediated group (group C,n =8),α1-AA plus doxazosin treated group (group D,n =8).Group C and group D were injected α1-AA (100 μg/100 g) by caudal vein at 0,4,8,12,and 16 weeks.Doxazosin (0.36 mg · kg-1 · d-1) was administered by lavage for 16 weeks in group B and group D,and other groups were given the same volume of saline every day.Expressions of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen fibers in myocardium of left ventricle were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Pathological changes in the myocardium were observed by both light and electron microscopes.Changes in collagen fiber in myocardium were detected by Van Gieson staining.Results Among various groups,there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels (P ＞ 0.05).After the intervention of doxazosin,body weight in group B and group D was greater than that of group A and group C (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen fibers in myocardium in group D was lower than that in group C (P＜0.05).Expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen fibers in group B was lower than that in group A (P＜0.05) as well.Myocardial pathological changes in group C were most serious,showing reduced mitochondrial,vacuolar degeneration,and interstitial collagen hyperplasia.Cardiomyopathy in group D and group B was less marked as compared with that in group C and group A,respectively.Myocardial collagen fiber in group C was significantly increased and showed poor alignment.Compared with group C,myocardial collagen deposition in group D was obviously reduced.Conclusions Doxazosin may suppress type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen expressions in myocardium of α1-AA mediated diabetic rats,resulting in alleviation of myocardial fibrosis and protection of myocardium in diabetic rats.

The teaching methods were explored to improve the quality of medical genetic teaching for foreign students according to the common problems during the teaching process. The negative effects of communication barriers in medical genetic teaching could be reduced by interactive teaching or problem-based learning in groups,in which the ability to resolve problems by themselves could be improved. In order to improve the teaching systematicness and teaching quality,the teaching contents in class should be from simple to deep,covering genetic laws,pathogenesis,diagnosis and control measure of genetic diseases. From the perspective of practical application and combining with the construction of self-de-signed teaching textbook and cases, the quality of medical genetic teaching ultimately could be further improved.

Synchronous brain activities are regarded as the indicator of the functional integration of the brain. Based on the physiological mechanism of synchronous activity, the detection process and research on quantification methods concerning synchronization are explained. Conventional and modern signal processing approaches, such as time analysis, frequency analysis, Hilbert transform (HT), especially wavelet transform (WT), are applied to EEG (electroencephalograph) synchronization study. Simulation data and real data are utilized to test the methods mentioned above, which prove the usefulness and validity of methods. According to the final results, Hilbert analysis is better for its authenticity.
Algorithms ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Brain ; physiology ; Cortical Synchronization ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Rats ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Aim To investigate the effects of masculine drug Duxil on striatum extracellular acetylcholine(ACh),glucose and lactic acid(LD) levels in energy metabolism impairment rats induced by intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide(NaN3).Methods Rats were divided into three groups:control,model and Duxil groups.Rats of Duxil group were treated with 10 mg?kg-1?d-1 Duxil for 14 d.Other two groups were treated with water for 14 d.After 2 wk microdialysis technique was adopted and the rats were perfused with NaN3 in striatum and continuously measured striatum extracellular ACh,glucose and LD levels in freely moving awake rats.Results During perfusion(90 min) and stoping perfusion(180,240,360 min)period with NaN3 striatum extracellular ACh levels in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P

0.05).Conclution After at a time sampling the levels of hydroxyl free radical and monoamines neurotransmitters and their metabolites from brain micronilysis of freely moving rats during salicylate sodium-Ringer's solusion perfusion can be simultaneously measured by HPLC-ED.