ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of curcumin on the cycle arrest of human colon cancer HCT116 cells and decipher the possible molecular mechanism. MethodThe methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method was employed to examine the effects of curcumin （0， 12.5， 25， 50， 75， 100 μmol·L^-1） and 5-fluorouracil （5-FU， 600 μmol·L^-1） on the proliferation of HCT116 cells at different time points （24， 48， 72 h）. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the cycle of HCT116 cells treated with curcumin （0， 25， 50， 75 μmol·L^-1） and 5-FU. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of proteins in the Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 （STAT1） /cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （p21） pathway in HCT116 cells. The binding of STAT1 to p21 promoter region was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChIP）. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was employed to measure the role of STAT1 in regulating the expression of p21 and that of JAK1 in regulating the activation of STAT1 by Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence， respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group， the HCT-116 cells treated with curcumin and 5-FU showed decreased viability （P<0.05）， increased proportions of cells in the G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）， decreased proportions of cells in the S phase and G₂/M phase （P<0.05）， down-regulated protein level of phosphorylated p21 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein level of p21 （P<0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the p21 siRNA+ curcumin group presented decreased proportion of cells in G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， curcumin elevated the level of phosphorylated STAT1 （p-STAT1） （P<0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the curcumin + STAT1 siRNA group showcased up-regulated protein level of p21 in HCT116 cells （P<0.05）. The mechanism study showed that curcumin treatment enhanced the enrichment of STAT1 in the p21 promoter region （P<0.05） compared with the blank group. Compared with the blank group， curcumin up-regulated the level of phosphorylated JAK1 （p-JAK1） （P <0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the curcumin + STAT1 siRNA group demonstrated up-regulated protein levels of p-STAT1 and p21 in HCT116 cells （P<0.05）. ConclusionCurcumin may induce the cycle arrest of human colon cancer HCT116 cells by activating the JAK1/STAT1/p21 signaling pathway.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death,which is mainly character-ized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in cells.Studies have found that ferroptosis may play a key role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease.This article reviews the molecular regulation mechanism of ferroptosis and its research progress in Parkinson's disease,in order to provide the theoretical basis and new ideas for targeted ferroptosis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To testify the spatial relationship between the subscapularis muscle splitting window and the axillary nerve in modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, which could provide anatomical basis for the modification of the subscapularis muscle splitting. METHODS: A total of 29 adult cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected layer by layer, and the axillary nerve was finally confirmed to walk on the front surface of the subscapularis muscle. Keeping the shoulder joint in a neutral position, the Kirschner wire was passed through the subscapularis muscle from back to front at the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid circle (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), and the anterior exit point (point A, the point of splitting subscapularis muscle during Latarjet procedure) was recorded. The vertical and horizontal distances between point A and the axillary nerve were measured respectively. RESULTS: In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the distance between the point A and the axillary nerve was 27.37 (19.80, 34.55) mm in the horizontal plane and 16.67 (12.85, 20.35) mm in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the possibility of axillary nerve injury will be relatively reduced when radiofrequency is taken from the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), passing through the subscapularis muscle posteriorly and anteriorly and splitting outward.
Adult ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Cadaver ; Joint Instability/surgery*

Objective:To compare the efficacies of robot-assisted unilateral and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (OTLF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 64 OTLF patients admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2021 to May 2022. The patients included 28 males and 36 females, aged 57-88 years [(74.5±5.6)years]. Fracture segments were 12 patients from T 1-T 9, 32 from T 10-L 2, and 20 from L 3-L 5. All the patients were treated with PKP. Among them, 25 patients underwent manual unilateral puncture (manual unilateral group), 18 patients underwent manual bilateral puncture (manual bilateral group), and 21 patients underwent robot-assisted unilateral puncture (robot-assisted unilateral group). The operation time, channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, bone cement injection volume, and bone cement spatial distribution score were compared among the three groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Cobb angle of kyphosis were compared among the three groups before operation, at 3 days and 3 months after operation, and at the last follow-up. The incidence of complications was compared. Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-10 months [(7.0±0.9)months]. The operation time of the manual unilateral group was (30.2±6.1)minutes, which was shorter than (37.9±8.9)minutes of the robot-assisted unilateral group and (49.0±10.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group; the operation time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was markedly shorter than that of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (4.7±1.4)minutes, which was markedly shorter than (10.4±4.4)minutes of the manual unilateral group and (21.7±6.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (23.8±7.2)ml, which was less than (34.3±7.7)ml of the manual unilateral group and (55.9±18.7)ml of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (12.1±2.5)times, which was markedly less than (21.2±5.9)times of the manual unilateral group and (39.6±9.5)times of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of the manual unilateral group were markedly shorter or less than those of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The bone cement injection volume and bone cement distribution score of the robot-assisted unilateral group were (4.7±1.3)ml and (7.9±1.2)points, which were not statistically different from (5.7±1.3)ml and (8.7±1.1)points of the manual bilateral group (all P>0.05), but were markedly higher than (3.0±1.3)ml and (5.1±1.8)points of the manual unilateral group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among the three groups at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05), but which were all lower than those before surgery (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among three groups before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). The complication rate was 4.8% (1/21) of the robot-assisted unilateral group, 32.0% (8/25) of the manual unilateral group, and 33.3% (6/18) of the manual bilateral group, with no significant difference between the manual unilateral group and the manual bilateral group ( P>0.05), but both of which was markedly higher than that of the robot-assisted unilateral group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Robot-assisted unilateral puncture and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture PKP can both achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of OTLF, but robot-assisted unilateral puncture has shorter channel establishment time, less intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and lower complication rate.

Different degrees of visual function impairment is the main reason for first visit of children with optic pathway glioma; it seriously affects the quality of life of children. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, maximum preservation or restoration of the children's vision function, and improvement of quality of life of children are major challenges. This article reviews the recent advance in visual function assessments for children with optic pathway glioma, aiming to provide some references for early clinical objective assessment of visual function impairment and clear diagnosis.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a common nerve injury in the world, which has a high incidence and disability rate. Intraspinal pressure (ISP) monitoring is performed by placing a pressure sensing probe under the dura of the most severe part of the spinal cord injury after anterior/posterior laminectomy or vertebral body decompression. ISP value is monitored dynamically and objectively in real time by the pressure sensing system. Recent studies have found that ISP monitoring plays an important role in the clinical management and prognosis evaluation of TSCI. The author reviews the recent advance in ISP monitoring in TSCI in order to provide references for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment of TSCI.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a common nerve injury in the world, which has a high incidence and disability rate. Intraspinal pressure (ISP) monitoring is performed by placing a pressure sensing probe under the dura of the most severe part of the spinal cord injury after anterior/posterior laminectomy or vertebral body decompression. ISP value is monitored dynamically and objectively in real time by the pressure sensing system. Recent studies have found that ISP monitoring plays an important role in the clinical management and prognosis evaluation of TSCI. The author reviews the recent advance in ISP monitoring in TSCI in order to provide references for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment of TSCI.

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the extraction technology for total triterpenes from the leaves of Cornus officinalis . METHODS：Based on the full swelling of the leaves of C. officinalis ，total triterpenes was extracted with heating reflux method. The effects of ethanol concentration ，liquid-solid ratio ，extraction time and extraction times on the contents of total triterpenes from the leaves of C. officinalis were investigated by single factor test. Using oleanolic acid as control ，the contents of total triterpenes were detected by UV spectrometry. On the basis of single factor test ，fixing the times of extraction a s 3 times，taking the contents of total triterpenes as response value ，using ethanol volume fraction ，solid-liquid ratio and extraction time as factors ， Box-Behnken design-response methodology was used to optimize the extraction technology of total triterpenes from the leaves of C. officinalis，and the optimized extraction technology was validated. RESULTS ：The optimal extraction technology of total triterpenes from the leaves of C. officinalis were as follows as ethanol concentration of 73％，liquid-to-material ratio of 38 ∶ 1（mL/g）， extraction time of 60 min. Results of 3 validation tests showed that the contents of total triterpenes from the leaves of C. officinalis were 6.92％，6.91％，6.84％；the average content was 6.89％（RSD＝0.63％），relative error of which with the predicted value （7.28％）was 5.36％. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized technology is stable and reliable ，and can be used for the extraction of total triterpenes from leaves of C. officinalis .

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience of surgical treatment abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body in children, thus to provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making.Methods:The clinical data, including age distribution, clinical manifestations, surgical treatment strategy and prognosis, from 60 children with abdominal gastrointestinal foreign body treated by operation in Children's hospital of Hu′nan Province from January 2015 to June 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 60 children, 38 males and 22 females, with a median age of 2.9 years. Observation data included the type and location of foreign bodies in the digestive tract, clinical manifestations and surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay. The following-up time was 6 months to 2 years by telephone or clinic. The short/long-term complications was observed.Results:Children under 3 years old accounted for 56.7%. Types of foreign bodies included magnetic foreign bodies, sharp objects[paper clips, nails, screws, fish bone and others, etc], crystal ball, jujube pit, gastric hair stone, batteries and badminton holder. The foreign bodies were mainly located in stomach and small intestine. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the most common symptoms. The patients of foreign body with long residence time had peritonitis such as fever and abdominal pain, among 21 cases were combined with gastrointestinal perforation. There were varieties kind of operaion methods, including gastrointestinal incision and foreign bodies removal( n=22), appendectomy and foreign bodies removal( n=7), repair of gastrointestinal perforation( n=6), intestinal resection and anastomosis( n=17), intestinal resection plus enterostomy( n=5)but whose fistula was closed after 3 months, lateral wall of rectum repair( n=3). Fifty-two patients underwent common open abdomen operation, 8 patients underwent laparoscopic operation. The operating time was(93.5±19.3) min. Intraoperative blood loss was(20.2±4.3) mL. The postoperative hospitalization was 13(5, 19) d. The postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients who were nonoperative treatment recovery. Conclusions:Magnetic foreign body, sharp foreign body, crystal ball, jujube nucleus and corrosive foreign body are the main causes of digestive tract obstruction and perforation in children. Individualized operation plan should be selected as soon as possible according to the number of foreign bodies, retention position and whether or not digestive tract perforation.

Ambystoma mexicanum/immunology* ; Amputation ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Blastomeres/immunology* ; Cell Lineage/immunology* ; Connective Tissue Cells/immunology* ; Epithelial Cells/immunology* ; Forelimb ; Gene Expression ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Immunity ; Peroxiredoxins/immunology* ; Regeneration/immunology* ; Regenerative Medicine/methods* ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods*