Objective:To analyze the clinical application value of a novel magnetic navigation ultrasound (MNU) combined with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) dual-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) through the right hepatic duct for the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. The clinical data of 64 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice requiring PTCD through the right hepatic duct at the Hepatobiliary Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province People′s Hospital) from December 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The MNU group ( n=32) underwent puncture guided by a novel domestic MNU combined with DSA, and the control group ( n=32) underwent puncture guided by traditional DSA. The operation time, number of punctures, X-ray dose after biliary stenting as shown by DSA, patients' tolerance of the operation, success rate of the operation, pre- and post-operative total bilirubin, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:The operation time of the MNU group was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(17.8±7.3) vs. (31.6±9.9) min, t=-6.35, P=0.001]; the number of punctures in the MNU group was significantly lower [(1.7±0.6) vs. (6.3±3.9) times, t=-6.59, P=0.001]; and the X-ray dose after biliary stenting as shown by DSA in the MNU group was lower than that in the control group [(132±88) vs. (746±187) mGy, t=-16.81, P<0.001]; Five patients in the control group were unable to tolerate the operation, and two stopped the operation, however all patients in the MNU group could tolerate the operation, and all completed the operation, with a success rate of 100% (32/32) in the MNU group compared to 93.8%(30/32) in the control group; the common complications of PTCD were biliary bleeding and infection, and the incidence of biliary bleeding (25.0%, 8/32) and infection (18.8%, 6/32) in the MNU group was significantly lower than that in the control group, 53.1% (17/32) and 28.1% (9/32), respectively. Conclusion:Magnetic navigation ultrasound combined with DSA dual-guided PTCD through the right biliary system for the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice is safe and feasible.

Objective　 : To evaluate the implementation, application, and problems and suggestions of the Radiation Shield- ing Requirements in Room of Radiotherapy Installations—Part 1: General Principle (GBZ/T 201.1—2007) through a survey of relevant personnel in radiation health technical service institutions, and to provide a scientific basis for further revision and implementation of this standard. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among randomly selected per- sonnel in radiation health technical services across China, which mainly investigated the awareness, training, application, and revision suggestions related to the GBZ/T 201.1—2007. The results were aggregated and analyzed. Results: A total of 184 evaluation questionnaires on the GBZ/T 201.1—2007 were collected from technical service staff in 25 provinces. Among the responders, 64.1% thought that the standard had been widely applied; 91.8% thought that the standard could meet work needs; only 54.3% ever received relevant training on the standard; 68.5% used the standard once or more per year; 33.7% thought that the standard needed to be revised. Conclusion The personnel in radiation health technical services have a high awareness rate of the GBZ/T 201.1—2007 and its contents, but their familiarity with and application of the standard need to be improved. Relevant departments should strengthen the training and promotion of the standard, and part of the standard should be revised.

Objective:To study the current setup of diagnosis and treatment subjects in China and make reform suggestions in light of existing problems.Methods:Relevant documents on medical institutions′ diagnosis and treatment subjects setup were retrieved from such databases as CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu database, while relevant national policies, laws and regulations were reviewed. On-site visits were conducted to health committees and medical institutions in 7 provinces from June 2020 through December 2020. Seminars and special interviews were held with relevant management personnel and doctors of different positions, for the purpose of learning the current medical institutions′ diagnosis and treatment subjects and their suggestions for reform. Data gained from the above methods were summarized to arrive at reform suggestions for optimizing China′s medical institutions′ diagnosis and treatment subjects, with further improvement made based on expert consultation method.Results:Problems found focus on such areas as inconsistent setup standards for medical treatment subjects, multiple overlapping services, and unclear numbering rules. Based on the disease list and skill list of the DRG system, a novel diagnosis and treatment subject setup method guided by service items could be established. Otherwise, the numbering and categories could changed on the current basis to correct existing problems. The subjects could be divided into such five categories as clinical, oral, traditional Chinese medicine, medical technology, and comprehensive, with level-1 and level-2 subjects set up respectively.Conclusions:In terms of subject functions, the setup of diagnosis and treatment subjects should be regularly adjusted or filed, instead of complete equivalence with administratively licensed subjects. As the current setup of diagnosis and treatment subjects had been in place for years, and had become key references for the department setup and performance appraisal of medical institutions, it was proposed to make adjustment on the current basis for the purpose of correcting existing problems.

Objective:To analyze the setup basis and registration rules of the practice scope of physicians in China, and take into account the current situation of individual provinces, for suggestions on further revision of the practice scope of these physicians.Methods:Relevant documents on practice scope setup were retrieved from such databases as CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases, while relevant national policies, laws and regulations were reviewed. On-site visits were conducted to health committees and medical institutions in 7 provinces from June 2020 through December 2020. Seminars and special interviews were held with relevant management personnel and doctors of different positions, for the purpose of learning the current physician practice scope setup and their suggestions for reform. Data gained from the above methods were summarized to arrive at reform suggestions for optimizing China′s practice scope setup, with further improvement made based on expert consultation method.Results:Several setbacks were found in the setup of their practice scope in China, namely as unclear setup principles, generalized setup of the national standards, inconsistent setup standards among the provinces, prohibition of cross-category registration, and roadblocks against in changing scope of practice. As the setup of the practice scope should set free manpower, unleash vitality, and delegate power, the practice scope should be changed to three categories of " discipline" , " discipline+ technology" and " comprehensive" . Physicians should be entitled to register separately as " discipline" and " discipline+ technology" as their practice scope, with " comprehensive" practice scope approved by a simple procedure of a notice.Conclusions:The setup and modification of the practice scope should be in a general rather than detailed manner, and conducive to the development of related disciplines. Such measures should also fully unleash the vitality of Chinese physicians, and take into account of both peacetime and emergencies, and both medical service and prevention.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians, for evidences in further optimizing the allocation of pediatrician resources and formulating relevant policies in China.Methods:According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the " China Health and Health Statistics Yearbook", descriptive analysis was made to investigate the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians in China from 2010 to 2019.Results:During 2010 and 2019, the number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) increased from 115 800 to 158 500, and the growth rate was faster than that of the children aged 0-14 years, but slower than that of overall medical practitioners(assistants). The number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) per thousand children in China had grown steadily from 0.52 to 0.67, compared with the burden and the workload of medical practitioners nationwide, the workload of pediatricians was still relatively heavy.Conclusions:The number of pediatricians had increased gradually between 2010 and 2019, and the effects of various policies began to work, while the workload was still heavy. It is recommended to further develop a salary system and supporting policies in line with the characteristics of pediatrics sector, and focus on such problems as unbalanced and inadequate distribution of pediatricians.

Objective To establish a simple animal model of cough variant asthma(CVA)through sensitizing Brown-Norway(BN)rats with ovalbumin(OVA). Methods A total of 36 BN rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group,the model control group and the montelukast group. BN rats in the model group and the montelukast group were intraperitoneally administered with 2.0 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)3,and the same volume of sterile saline was given to the normal group by intraperitoneal injection. Boosting was carried out by intraperitoneal administration with 0.01 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)33 weeks later,and the rats in the normal group were injected with the same dose of physiological saline. Three weeks later,the actively sensitized BN rats were challenged with aerosolized OVA for 7 times on alternative days,and the rats in the normal group were treated with sterile saline instead of OVA. At the same time, the montelukast group was given 1.3 mg/kg of montelukast 30 minutes before atomization by intragastric administration once a day for 2 weeks,and the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of water. The tests of cough sensitivity to capsaicin and bronchial responsiveness were performed 24 h after the last administration. Results Compared with the normal group, the times of coughing(P< 0.01)and the lung resistance(RL)(P< 0.05)in the model group were significantly increased,while the lung compliance(Cdyn)was significantly decreased(P< 0.05). There was a significant difference(P < 0.05)in the times of coughing caused by capsaicin between the model group and the montelukast group. Compared with the model group,RLin the montelukast group was decreased significantly(P< 0.05), and Cdynwas increased significantly(P< 0.05). Conclusions This rat model of CVA is similar to a variety of clinical features of CVA and is easy to operate. Thus it can be used as an effective animal model of CVA.

We investigated and analyzed the first case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus in Yunnan Province,China,so as to provide a better basis for preventing and controlling human infections with viruses of animal origin in the future.We carried out the field epidemiological survey among the patient,close contacts and the live poultry markets,detected and analyzed the samples from patient and the outdoor environment.Results showed that the 9-month-old boy was a case of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus with the history of live poultry markets exposure and the results of nucleic acid detection and virus isolation.There was a lot of contamination of the avian influenza virus in the live poultry markets.The second generation cases have not occurred.The monitoring of pneumonia of unknown etiology and influenza like cases in medical institutions is the important means to find timely cases of human infected with avian influenza.Regular disinfection and closing-down of live poultry markets are key measures to reduce the exposure opportunity.

Objective: To research the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Qifangbimin particle.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the methods of xylene-induced ear-swelling in mice and cotton-ball induced granuloma in rats.The anti-allergic effects were evaluated by the method of passive skin allergy model in rats and ear-heterogeneous passive skin allergy model in mice.Results: In the treatment groups with Qifangbimin particle, the swelling degree of ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene in mice was significantly suppressed when compared with that in the control groups (P<0.01 or 0.05) , however, the particle had no significantly inhibitory effect on granulation tissue hyperplasia induced by cotton-ball in rats.The Qifangbimin particle groups obviously decreased the absorbance value of locus coeruleus on rats' back (P<0.01 or 0.05), and Qifangbimin particle at high dose significantly reduced the absorbance value of locus coeruleus of auricle in mice (P<0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion: Qifangbimin particle has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Objective To investigate the mutation of hemagglutinin gene and amino acid variation of influenza B.Methods Influenza B virus was isolated from throat swab samples in sentinel surveillance of Yunnan province from 2009 to 2014.HA1 gene sequence analysis was applied to determine 12 randomly-selected strains of influenza B virus.The results were analyzed,MEGA software was used to do homology comparison and HA gene phylogenetic tree was established.Results Differences on the serotype and genotype identification of influenza strains were found and it might be caused by inadequate gene mutation accumulation.Amino acid variations were found in 3 important regions of antigenic determinants in HA1 protein:ring 120,ring 150 and ring 160.The amino acid variation of position 131 in ring 120 was N131K,and in position 137 was N137H.Two strains had P187S mutation in position 187.Conclusion There are some important variations in the hemagglutinin gene of influenza B strains in Yunnan Province,with some variations being the same as vaccine strains and some being not.