Objective:To summarize the assessment tools for fear of falling in the elderly both domestically and internationally, providing a reference for medical and nursing staff to assess their fear of falling.Methods:The literature on assessment tools for fear of falling in the elderly was systematically searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search period was from database establishment to July 4, 2023. This study extracted and analyzed the content of assessment tools for fear of falling.Results:A total of 45 articles were included, involving 16 assessment tools for fear of falling.Conclusions:The 16 assessment tools for fear of falling included in the analysis are mainly self-assessment. The reliability of the assessment tool for fear of falling is good, but its validity still needs further verification. It is recommended to consider multiple factors when choosing an assessment tool for fear of falling, and combine it with quantitative objective indicators measured by professional instruments to accurately assess the fear of falling of the elderly.

Objective:To systematically review the risk prediction model of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:Research on the prediction model of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes was retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine. The search period was from database establishment to March 17, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, and used the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool to analyze the bias risk and applicability of the included literature.Results:A total of 18 articles were included, of which nine studies used Logistic regression, four studies used Cox proportional hazards regression, two studies used Lasso regression, one study used semi-parametric regression, and two studies used machine learning methods. Two studies simultaneously conducted internal and external validation, three studies conducted internal validation, and one study conducted external validation. A total of 12 studies mentioned that the area under the curve ( AUC) of predictive models ranged from 0.715 to 0.966, and all AUCs were greater than 0.7. Four studies mentioned the C index, which was 0.770 to 0.848, while two studies did not mention the predictive performance of the model. Age, course of type 2 diabetes, urinary protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin use, hypertension, and time of hospital admissions were independent predictors of repeated reporting in the multivariate model. All studies had a certain risk of bias, but their applicability was good. Conclusions:The existing prediction models for retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients have good prediction performance, but the overall risk of bias is high. Further validation of the performance of each model is needed, while further development of risk prediction models suitable for different populations (such as elderly patients, women, different races or regions) is still needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of LINC00612 on apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42.Methods Neuronal injury model of Alzheimer’s disease were established by SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42.The expression of LINC00612 in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42 was detected by qRTPCR. The LINC00612 overexpressed plasmid was transfected into SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42，and the expression of Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC /PI staining. RNA-pulldown and RIP experiments were performed to detect the binding effect of LINC00612 and Bcl-2.Results LINC00612 was low expressed in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42.Overexpression of LINC00612 significantly increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased apoptosis. RNA pulldown and RIP results showed that LINC00612 could bind to Bcl-2.Conclusion Overexpression of LINC00612 can up-regulate Bcl-2 expression and inhibit the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ1-42.

Objective The study of capsaicin (CAP) on the effect and mechanism of indomethacin induced acute gastric mucosal injury in different period.Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 rats in each group.The experiment was completed in two phases,and the Ⅰ period was 2 weeks,the Ⅱ period was 4 weeks.The Ⅰ period including group A1 (control group),group B1 (model group),group C1 (CAP group),group D1 (CAP + indomethacin group).The grouping method of the two periods were the same.The rats' gastric mucosa were damaged by indomethacin,and then killed the rats 4 hours later.Last,astric juice was collected to determine the total acidity of gastric acid,counted thegastric mucosal injury index,observed the gastric mucosa pathological injury,detected the expression of TRPV 1、CGRP、MDA、SOD and PGI2.Results The Ⅰ period:the gastric mucosa of group A1 and C1 had no damage.Group D1 compared with group B1,there was no significant difference in gastric mucosa injury (P ＞ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The Ⅱperiod:the gastric mucosa of group A2 and C2 had no damage.Group D2 compared with group B2,the gastric mucosa injury were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There was no damage to the general morphology and histology of gastricmucosa in rats by intragastric CAP 1 mg/(kg· d) for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.2.It could prevent that indomethacininduced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by pretreated with CAP 1 mg(kg· d) for 4weeks.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and primary knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Han and Uyghur elderly populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China were surveyed on the prevalence of osteoarthritis, followed by allotted to osteoarthritis and health groups according the symptoms and radiography. Genotyping TGF-β1-509C/T and -1348C/T and IL-1β-511C/T was performed to analyze the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and osteoarthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Alleles T and C with genotypes CC, CT and TT were detected in both two groups. In the Uygur population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T showed significant difference between osteoarthritis and health groups (P < 0.05). In the Han population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-1348C/T showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the Uygur individuals carrying TT genotype of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T, and Han people carrying the TT genotype of TGF-β -1348T are more susceptible to osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of β‐catenin and PTEN in hepatocellular carcinoma exposed to hepa‐titis B virus(HBV) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) .Methods 108 HCCs came from different districts of Guangxi province were labeled as four categories based on their biomarkers of HBV and AFB1 exposure .Group A :HBV(+ )/AFB1(+ ) ,48 cases ,group B :HBV (+ )/AFB1(-) ,27 cases ,group C :HBV(-)/AFB1(+ ) ,19 cases ,group D :HBV(-)/AFB1(-) ,14 cases .And normal hepatic tissue from 20 cases of hepatic hemangioma ,liver resection and liver transplant donor were chosen as normal control group .And the mRNA expression of β‐catenin and PTEN were detected by RT‐PCR .Results The mean expression level of β‐catenin gene mRNA in group A ,B ,C ,D and control group were(1 .13 ± 0 .14) ,(1 .06 ± 0 .12) ,(1 .16 ± 0 .18) ,(1 .01 ± 0 .13) and(0 .085 ± 0 .13) respec‐tively .There were significant differences between group A and C ,A and D .And there were significant differences between these four groups and control group(all P<0 .05) .The mean expression level of PTEN gene mRNA in four subgroup A ,B ,C ,D and con‐trol group were(0 .54 ± 0 .13) ,(0 .59 ± 0 .16) ,(0 .97 ± 0 .16) ,(0 .92 ± 0 .13) and(1 .10 ± 0 .16) respectively .There were significant differences between group A and D ,C and D .And there were significant differences between group A and C (P=0 .002) ,A and D(P=0 .032) ,B and C(P<0 .001) and B and D(P=0 .011) .And there were significant differences between subgroup A ,B and D and control group(all P<0 .05) .Conclusion The over expression β‐catenin of HCC cases may be associated with the exposure to AFB1 while the loss of gene PTEN may relate to the exposure to HBV .

Objective To investigate the expression of breast cancer specific gene 1( BCSG1) in breast cancer tissues and its clinical significance.Methods The expression of BCSG1in 51cases of breast cancer tissues and 35 cases of adjacent tissues was determined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and immunohistochenistry.Results FQ-PCR showed the expression level of BCSG1mRNA in breast cancer and adjacent tissues was 1.072 ± 0.178 and 0.324± 0.135 respectively.Immunohistochemistry showed the expression rate of BCSG1protein in breast cancer and adjacent tissues was 74.5％ (38/51) and 14.3％ (5/35).The expression of BCSG1mRNA and protein was dramatically increased in breast cancer tissues compared with that in normal background breast tissues (P ＜ 0.05).BCSG1mRNA and protein expression was significantly different in patients with lymph node metastasis and higher Nottingham prognostic index (P ＜ 0.05 ),and there was no significant difference with the pathological type of breast cancer,or status of ER,PR,and c-erbB2 ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions BCSG1is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues,which is closely related to the development and clinical prognosis of breast cancer.BCSG1is very likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the rule of central region lymph nodes metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and the significance of central region lymph nodes neck dissection in surgical operation for DTC.Methods The clinical and pathological data of 122 lymph nodes in 109 patients (31 female and 78 male) with DTC undergoing neck lymph nodes ( central region lymph nodes included) dissection from Jan.2003 to Jun.2007 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.According to preoperative physical examination and imaging analysis,patients were divided into clinical cervical lymph nodes metastasis ( cN + ) group and clinical no cervical lymph nodes metastasis (cNO) group and compared respectively with their pathological data after surgery.Resuits Of the 122 lymph nodes,lymph node metastasis rate was significantly higher in region Ⅵ than in region Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜0.01 ).65.6％ (80/122) metastasis was in the central region.81.2％ (56/69) patients in cN + group and 45.3％ (24/53) patients in cN0 group had central region lymph nodes metastasis.Conclusions Central region lymph nodes metastasis is common for patients with DTC.Routine neck dissection in central region should be done in DTC operation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) involvement in patients with operable breast carcinoma and to determine the indications and risk factors of NAC-sparing modified radical mastectomy. Methods407 female patients with primary breast cancer were included in the study.Data like tumor position, tumor size, the distance from the tumor to the margin of areolar (D) were recorded.NAC sample in vitro was collected and routine pathological examination was performed.Statistical methods were employed to analyze the relation between the clinicopathological factors and NAC involvement.ResultsThe rate of NAC involvement was 13.27％ (54/407).NAC involvement had no statistically significant correlation with age or histological type, but had statistical correlation with tumor position, D value, tumor size, TNM stage, clinical manifestation of NAC, and status of axillary lymph nodes(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsTumor position, D value, tumor size, TNM stage, clinical manifestation of NAC and status of axillary lymph nodes are the major influential factors for NAC involvement.The indications of NAC-sparing modified mastectomy:1.in Ⅰ or Ⅱa TNM stage; 2.patients have strong will to preserve NAC or breast appearance; 3.noncentric tumor (D≥2 cm) ; 4.the maximum diameter of tumor should be less than 3 cm; 5.no abnormal manifestation like nipple discharge, eczematoid change or nipple inversion happened.6.no occult involvement in subareolar tissues was found by frozen pathology.

Objective To investigate the exposure and protection of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in the reoperation for thyroid diseases.Methods Clinical data of 214 cases undergoing thyroid reoperation were retrospectively analyzed.The patients with a short interval between the 2 thyroid operations or with external-infiltrated thyroid cancer were approached at the lateral strap muscles and the leading edge of the sternocleidomastoid.RLNs were exposed in the lateral region of superior mediastinum tracheoesophageal groove or at the point where RLN enters to throat.RLNs of patients with lymph node metastasis were exposed beside the enlarged lymph nodes.The patients with a long interval between the 2 thyroid operations and with benign tumor or tumor without external infiltration were exposed their thyroids at the anterior midline and then RLNs were exposed at the posterior lateral of the middle thyroid veins or at the inferior thyroid artery.Results Among the 214 cases,344 RLNs were anatomically exposed including 188 right and 156 left.84 cases had single exposure and 130 cases had bilateral exposure.44 RLNs were exposed at the point where RLN enters to throat,104 RLNs at the posterior lateral of the middle thyroid veins,40 RLNs at the inferior thyroid artery,124 RLNs at the lateral region of superior mediastinum tracheoesophageal groove,and 32 RLNs beside the enlarged lymph nodes.For the 2 cases suffering hoarse voice the day after they underwent thyroid operation in other hospital,suture ligation at the the entrance point was found when they received the reoperation in our hospital.Three of the total 344 RLNs (0.87％ ) had RLN branch injury in the entire group.Conclusion It is possible to reduce RLN injury during the reoperation for thyroid disease if surgeons are familiar with the dissection of RLN under normal or pathological condition,avoid adhesive or scar tissues,and select the appropriate anatomic approach.