ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element binding protein regulator of transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) and oxidative stress indicators with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 154 CHD patients in the hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as study group and divided into mild, moderate, and severe atherosclerosis groups based on the degree of carotid atherosclerosis; another 154 healthy individuals with physical examinations in the same period were selected as control group. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlations of serum CRTC3 and oxidative stress indicators with carotid atherosclerosis indicators. Results Serum CRTC3 and malondialdehyde (MDA), carotid plaque area and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the mild, moderate and severe atherosclerosis groups, serum CRTC3 and MDA levels, carotid plaque area, and IMT significantly gradually increased, while SOD and GSH-Px levels significantly gradually decreased (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum CRTC3 and MDA levels were positively correlated with carotid plaque area and IMT (P < 0.05), while SOD and GSH-Px were negatively correlated with carotid plaque area and IMT (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of severe carotid atherosclerosis by CRTC3, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px was 0.990 (95%CI, 0.982 to 0.998), with a sensitivity of 96.27% and a specificity of 76.28%. The diagnostic value of the combined application of these four indicators was significantly higher than that of each indicator alone (Z_{combined-CRTC3}=2.723, Z_combined-SOD=2.698, Z_combined-MDA=2.673, Z_{combined-GSH-Px}=2.803, P < 0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of CRTC3 and MDA are significantly increased while SOD and GSH-Px levels are significantly decreased in CHD patients. Both serum CRTC3 and oxidative stress levels are closely related to carotid atherosclerosis.

【Objective】 To explore the factors influencing erectile dysfunction (ED) in male patients after renal transplantation, so as to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease. 【Methods】 Kidney transplant recipients followed up in the Kidney Transplant Clinic of Xijing Hospital during Sep.1, 2022 and May 1, 2023 were selected as the study objects.Questionnaires were distributed, and the erectile function was measured with Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM).Factors associated with ED were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. 【Results】 A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 276 valid ones were collected, including 182 cases (65.9%) suffering from ED of varying degrees.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age [(<30 years/>50 years, OR: 0.120, 95%CI: 0.033-0.405, P<0.001), (30-40 years/>50 years, OR: 0.223, 95%CI: 0.102-0.463, P<0.001), (>40-50 years/>50 years, OR: 0.320, 95%CI: 0.139-0.719, P<0.01)], level of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.211-3.248, P<0.01), International Prostate Symptom Score-Quality of Life item (IPSS-QoL) (OR: 1.482, 95%CI: 1.201-1.854, P<0.01), and income [(≥10 000 Yuan/<3 000 Yuan, OR: 0.156, 95%CI: 0.053-0.429, P<0.001), (5 000-<10 000 Yuan/<3 000 Yuan, OR: 0.418, 95%CI: 0.199-0.864, P<0.05), (≥10 000 Yuan/3 000-<5 000 Yuan, OR: 0.205, 95%CI: 0.069-0.573, P<0.01)] were independent and significant factors of ED. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of ED in renal transplantation recipients is high.Age, income, IPSS and IPSS-QoL are the influencing factors.ED after renal transplantation is not only determined by physical and functional factors, but also closely related to social and psychological factors.

Objective To compare the superiority of total arterial revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated with left ventricular dysfunction. Methods This retrospective study included the patients who were diagnosed with CAD and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤40% and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our hospital from January 2016 to July 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different types of bypass vessels: a total arterial revascularization group (TAR group) and a conventional group (a CON group). The clinical data were compared between the two groups to explore the incidence of important complications and evaluate the safety of total arterial revascularization and its protective effect on cardiac function. Results Finally 75 patients were enrolled including 52 males and 23 females with a mean age of (61.58±7.93) years. There were 35 patients in the TAR group and 40 patients in the CON group. The operation time and the drainage volume at 24 hours after operation in the TAR group were longer or more than those in the CON group (P<0.001), but there was no statistical difference in hospital stay, postoperative complications (such as respiratory failure, mediastinal infection, renal failure), intra-aortic balloon pump or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use rate (P>0.05). After 2 years of follow-up, compared with the CON group, the cardiac function of the TAR group was significantly improved, the LVEF was higher, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter was reduced, and the graft stenosis rate was lower (all P<0.05). Conclusion Total arterial revascularization is a safe and feasible surgical method, which is helpful to improve the cardiac function and improve the quality of life.

The development and change patterns as well as the disease course management of multiple ground-glass nodules(GGNs)in the lungs are currently hotspots and difficulties in clinical lung cancer research.Understanding the latest advancements in the natural history of multiple GGNs is crucial for grasping the disease variation patterns and formulat-ing management strategies.Meanwhile,utilizing advanced methods such as intelligent follow-up management platforms makes the long-term standardized management of GGNs possible.Therefore,this article provides an overview of the latest research advancements on the natural history of multiple GGNs and new experience in GGNs management.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and infection rates of pertussis in the population of Henan Province.Methods:From 2022 to 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the permanent population in Henan Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-pertussis toxin IgG (PT-IgG), analyze the antibody positivity rate (≥20 IU/ml) and median concentration (MC), and estimate the pertussis infection rate based on PT IgG ≥40 IU/ml. The rank sum test was used to compare antibody levels among groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare antibody positive rates and infection rates among groups. Results:A total of 4 810 research subjects were included in this study. The overall positive rate of PT-IgG was 12.10% and MC was 3.04 (0.35, 10.36) IU/ml. There were significant differences both in positive rates and antibody levels of PT-IgG among different regions or age groups (region positive rate: χ2=134.06, P<0.001, MC: H=337.74, P<0.001; age group positive rate: χ2=45.27, P<0.001, MC: H=134.49, P<0.001). Both the positive rate of PT-IgG (25.26%) and MC (8.01 IU/ml) were the highest within one year after completing a full course of vaccination. There were significant differences in positive rates and antibody levels among people receiving different types of pertussis vaccines (positive rate: χ2=12.38, P=0.006, MC: H=17.93, P<0.001). The antibody positivity rate (35.71%) and MC (8.88 IU/ml) of the people who received cell-free pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis influenza type b (combined) vaccine throughout the course were higher than those who received other types of vaccines. The natural infection rate of pertussis was evaluated for individuals aged≥3 years who had no history of pertussis vaccine immunization within the year prior to sampling. With a high vaccination rate, the estimated infection rate of pertussis in the population was 5 757.22/100 000. The infection rates in the 3-year-old (1 940.16/100 000) and 4-year-old (1 765.68/100 000) populations were at a low level among the entire population, reaching their peak at the age of 6 (12 656.71/100 000). Subsequently, although the infection rate continued to decline, it remained at a high level and peaked again at the age of 40-49 years (8 740.39/100 000). There was a statistically significant difference in the estimated infection rate of pertussis among different age groups ( χ2=53.21, P<0.001). Conclusion:The PT-IgG level of pertussis in the population of Henan Province is generally at a low level. The estimated infection rate of pertussis is much higher than the reported incidence rate. A booster dose of pertussis vaccine is recommended at 6 years old.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and infection rates of pertussis in the population of Henan Province.Methods:From 2022 to 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the permanent population in Henan Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-pertussis toxin IgG (PT-IgG), analyze the antibody positivity rate (≥20 IU/ml) and median concentration (MC), and estimate the pertussis infection rate based on PT IgG ≥40 IU/ml. The rank sum test was used to compare antibody levels among groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare antibody positive rates and infection rates among groups. Results:A total of 4 810 research subjects were included in this study. The overall positive rate of PT-IgG was 12.10% and MC was 3.04 (0.35, 10.36) IU/ml. There were significant differences both in positive rates and antibody levels of PT-IgG among different regions or age groups (region positive rate: χ2=134.06, P<0.001, MC: H=337.74, P<0.001; age group positive rate: χ2=45.27, P<0.001, MC: H=134.49, P<0.001). Both the positive rate of PT-IgG (25.26%) and MC (8.01 IU/ml) were the highest within one year after completing a full course of vaccination. There were significant differences in positive rates and antibody levels among people receiving different types of pertussis vaccines (positive rate: χ2=12.38, P=0.006, MC: H=17.93, P<0.001). The antibody positivity rate (35.71%) and MC (8.88 IU/ml) of the people who received cell-free pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis influenza type b (combined) vaccine throughout the course were higher than those who received other types of vaccines. The natural infection rate of pertussis was evaluated for individuals aged≥3 years who had no history of pertussis vaccine immunization within the year prior to sampling. With a high vaccination rate, the estimated infection rate of pertussis in the population was 5 757.22/100 000. The infection rates in the 3-year-old (1 940.16/100 000) and 4-year-old (1 765.68/100 000) populations were at a low level among the entire population, reaching their peak at the age of 6 (12 656.71/100 000). Subsequently, although the infection rate continued to decline, it remained at a high level and peaked again at the age of 40-49 years (8 740.39/100 000). There was a statistically significant difference in the estimated infection rate of pertussis among different age groups ( χ2=53.21, P<0.001). Conclusion:The PT-IgG level of pertussis in the population of Henan Province is generally at a low level. The estimated infection rate of pertussis is much higher than the reported incidence rate. A booster dose of pertussis vaccine is recommended at 6 years old.

Coronary microcirculation disorder after myocardial ischemia reperfusion （MIR） is a prominent problem in the treatment of coronary heart disease. According to the physiological commonality between “collaterals-sweat pore qi and fluid” and coronary microcirculation， and the evolution of the course of MIR， it is believed that “heart collateral stasis obstruction， sweat pore constraint and block” is the cause of coronary microcirculation disorder. The evolution of the pathogenesis can be divided into three periods. During the myocardial ischemia period， the pathogenesis is heart collaterals obstruction and sweat pores empty， while during the ischemia reperfusion period， it is internal formulation of deficiency wind， spasms of collaterals or slight heart collaterals obstruction； in the coronary microcirculation disorder period， sweat pores constraint and block， constraint transforming into heat， qi and fluid failing to diffuse are the pathogenesis. The corresponding treatment principle is assisting dredge with supplementation， and supplementing deficiency to dispel stasis； treating wind and blood simultaneously， and extinguishing wind to arrest convulsion； clearing heat and cooling blood， and diffusing qi and unblocking qi and fluid. Moreover， it is recommended to treat the heart and lungs simultaneously， and regulate the heart and liver at the same time.

Objective:To analyze tetanus antibody levels in healthy people in Henan Province and to provide reference data for the adjustment of tetanus vaccine immunization strategy.Methods:A total of 7 519 healthy people were selected using stratified sampling in Henan Province from 2020 to 2021. Serum samples were collected and tested for anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT) by ELISA. The positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and mean concentration (MC) of anti-TT were analyzed.Results:The overall positive rate, protection rate and MC of anti-TT among the 7 519 subjects were 70.33% (5 288/7 519), 37.07% (2 787/7 519) and 0.035 IU/ml, respectively. Both basic and booster tetanus vaccines were effective. The positive rate, protective rate and MC of anti-TT decreased from 99.63% (272/273), 82.05% (224/273) and 0.215 IU/ml in 6-year-olds to 64.22% (262/408), 21.57% (88/408) and 0.023 IU/ml in 16- to 19-year-olds, and further decreased to 40.97% (1 302/3 178), 5.48% (174/3 178) and 0.007 IU/ml in people ≥20 years old.Conclusions:The level of tetanus antibody decreased with age in healthy people in Henan Province. It was suggested that the sixth dose of tetanus vaccine should to be given at 16-20 years old.