Objective: To investigate the efficacy，safety and feasibility of regional lymph node dissection in laparoscopic radical surgery for bladder cancer under the guidance of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. Methods: A total of 30 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (T2/T3NxM0) who volunteered to enter the clinical trial were randomly divided into the indocyanine green imaging guided laparoscopic regional lymph node dissection group (n=15) and the standard pelvic lymph node dissection group (n=15).The number of positive lymph nodes，operation time，intraoperative bleeding volume，incidence of lymph leakage，and tumor recurrence and metastasis rate 2-year after surgery were collected. Results: The number of positive lymph nodes was (4.20±1.66) and (4.60±1.72) respectively in the indocyanine green and standard groups，with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).There were no statistically significant difference in the tumor recurrence and metastasis rates 2-year after surgery between the two groups (P>0.05).However，the indocyanine green group had shorter operation time，less intraoperative bleeding volume，and lower incidence of lymphatic leakage than the standard group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging guided laparoscopic lymph node dissection has comparable clinical efficacy to standard lymph node dissection，but with fewer complications.

Objective To investigate the suitable habitats of Phlebotomus chinensis in Gansu Province, so as provide insights into effective management of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL). Methods The geographical coordinates of locations where MT-ZVL cases were reported were retrieved in Gansu Province from 2015 to 2023, and data pertaining to 26 environmental variables were captured, including 19 climatic variables (annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, temperature seasonality, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the driest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the driest quarter, precipitation of the warmest quarter, and precipitation of the coldest quarter), five geographical variables (elevation, annual normalized difference vegetation index, vegetation type, landform type and land use type), and two population and economic variables (population distribution and gross domestic product). Twelve species distribution models were built using the biomod2 package in R project, including surface range envelope (SRE) model, generalized linear model (GLM), generalized additive model (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model, generalized boosted model (GBM), classification tree analysis (CTA) model, flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) model, maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, optimized maximum entropy (MAXNET) model, artificial neural network (ANN) model, random forest (RF) model, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) model. The performance of 12 models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS), and Kappa coefficient, and single models with high performance was selected to build the optimal ensemble models. Factors affecting the survival of Ph. chinensis were identified based on climatic, geographical, population and economic variables. In addition, the suitable distribution areas of Ph. chinensis were predicted in Gansu Province under shared socioeconomic pathway 126 (SSP126), SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios based on climatic data during the period from 1991 to 2020, from 2041 to 2060 (2050s), and from 2081 to 2100 (2090s) . Results A total of 11 species distribution models were successfully built for prediction of potential distribution areas of Ph. chinensis in Gansu Province, and the RF model had the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.998). The ensemble model built based on the RF model, XGBOOST model, GLM, and MARS model had an increased predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.999) relative to single models. Among the 26 environmental factors, precipitation of the wettest quarter (12.00%), maximum temperature of the warmest month (11.58%), and annual normalized difference vegetation index (11.29%) had the greatest contributions to suitable habitats distribution of Ph. sinensis. Under the climatic conditions from 1991 to 2020, the potential suitable habitat area for Ph. chinensis in Gansu Province was approximately 5.80 × 10⁴ km², of which the highly suitable area was 1.42 × 10⁴ km², and primarily concentrated in the southernmost region of Gansu Province. By the 2050s, the unsuitable and lowly suitable areas for Ph. chinensis in Gansu Province had decreased by varying degrees compared to that of 1991 to 2020 period, while the moderately and highly suitable areas exhibited expansion and migration. By the 2090s, under the SSP126 scenario, the suitable habitat area for Ph. chinensis increased significantly, and under the SSP585 scenario, the highly suitable areas transformed into extremely suitable areas, also showing substantial growth. Future global warming is conducive to the survival and reproduction of Ph. chinensis. From the 2050s to the 2090s, the highly suitable areas for Ph. chinensis in Gansu Province will be projected to expand northward. Under the SSP126 scenario, the suitable habitat area for Ph. chinensis in Gansu Province is expected to increase by 194.75% and 204.79% in the 2050s and 2090s, respectively, compared to that of the 1991 to 2020 period. Under the SSP370 scenario, the moderately and highly suitable areas will be projected to increase by 164.40% and 209.03% in the 2050s and 2090s, respectively, while under the SSP585 scenario, they are expected to increase by 195.98% and 211.66%, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of potential suitable habitats of Ph. sinensis gradually shifts with climatic changes. Intensified surveillance and management of Ph. sinensis is recommended in central and eastern parts of Gansu Province to support early warning of MT-ZVL.

Objective To investigate the number, distribution, and types of radiation of non-medical radiation institutions in Hebei Province, China, and to explore the current radiation protection in the employing units and occupational health management of radiation workers in 2022. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the non-medical institutions engaged in nuclear technology application in Hebei Province, and different types of employing units were selected to monitor the radioactivity level in the workplace. Results A total of 681 non-medical institutions engaged in radiation technology application completed the survey, covering all cities with subordinate districts in the province, including 1605 radioactive devices, 2960 active devices, 45 non-uranium metal mines, and 14 non-sealed workplaces. A total of 8617 radiation workers were surveyed, with a personal dose monitoring rate of 70.9%, a radiation protection training rate of 61.1%, and an occupational health examination rate for radiation workers of 59.3%. A total of 614 radiation protection monitoring instruments were provided, with a personal protective equipment allocation rate of 51.1% and a personal dose alarm device allocation rate of 51.8%. The radiation occupational hazardous factor testing was completed for 54 workplaces, and the results were all qualified. Conclusion There are still significant deficiencies in personal dose monitoring in the radiation work units in non-medical institutions and occupational health examination in the radiation work units in our province. The health administrative departments should strengthen health supervision and law enforcement, enhance radiation protection and skill training for employers, and more effectively control the impact of radiation hazards on personnel health.

Objective:To develop an efficient and robust method based on three dimensional facial landmarks for evaluating chin region asymmetry at the soft tissue level and to compare it with the tradi-tional mirror-overlap analysis method in order to test its availability.Methods:Standard symmetrical face was used for mental tubercle coordinate transformation so as to filter soft tissue three dimensional spatial angle and construct corresponding three dimensional spatial angle wireframe template.Ten patients aged 12-32 years with clinical chin region asymmetry diagnosis at the Department of Orthodontics of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from November 2020 to November 2021 were randomly selected.Three dimensional soft tissue face scan data of the patients were collected by three dimensional face scanner and the landmark points were automatically determined by the Meshmonk non-rigid registration algorithm pro-gram,and in this way,the asymmetric three dimensional spatial angle wireframe template and corre-sponding spatial angle parameters were generated.Mirror-overlap analysis of face scan data was also per-formed in Geomagic Studio 2015 software and deviation color maps were generated.This study took mirror-overlap analysis as the gold standard method,the response rate of chin region asymmetry was eva-luated by the outcomes of the mirror-overlap analysis and three dimensional spatial angle wireframe tem-plate analysis.Results:Nine three dimensional spatial angle indicators were selected through coordinate transformation,and the response rate was calculated using mirror-overlap analysis as the gold standard method.Among these ten selected patients,the response rate of the total chin region asymmetry was 90％(9/10).Using the deviation value of mirror-overlap analysis as a reference,the response rate of chin region asymmetry in the X dimension was 86％,the response rate of chin region asymmetry in the Y dimension was 89％,and the response rate of chin region asymmetry in the Z dimension was 100％.Conclusion:The three dimensional soft tissue spatial angle wireframe template proposed in this study has some feasibility in evaluating chin region asymmetry at the soft tissue level,and its ability to recognize asymmetry separately in the three dimensional direction is better than the mirror-overlap analysis method,and the indicators recognition rate still needs to be further improved.

Objective To explore the risk factors of complicating urogenic sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PCNL)and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods The data of 291 patients with stage 1 PCNL in 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force from October 2016 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the sepsis group and non-sepsis group according to whether complicating urogenic sepsis after operation.The general data,stone-related data,operation-related data and laboratory detection related data were included.The independent risk factors were screened by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the nomogram prediction model was constructed.Results The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old(OR=6.438,95％CI:1.548-26.769),urinary leukocyte 3+(OR=5.651,95％CI:1.614-31.766),urinary nitrite positive(OR=7.117,95％CI:1.190-42.561),operation time≥90 min(OR=4.626,95％CI:1.137-18.817)and perfusion volume 30 L(OR=3.312,95％CI:1.090-10.061)were the independent risk factors of postoperative complicating urogenic sepsis.C-index of the constructed nomogram prediction model in the modeling samples was 0.937,the calibrated C-index was 0.914,and the model predictive efficien-cy was good.Conclusion Age ≥60 years old,urinary leukocyte 3+,urinary nitrite positive,operation time 90 min and perfusion volume ≥30 L are the independent risk factors for complicating urogenic sepsis after PCNL;the constructed nomogram prediction model has a good predictive efficiency for the occurrence of post-operative urogenic sepsis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the timing of pulmonary surgery and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Methods:Sixty-eight American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰor Ⅱ patients of either sex, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, who were first infected with SARS-CoV-2 after December 2022, undergoing elective thoracoscopic partial pneumonectomy from January to May 2023, were included in this prospective cohort study. The patients were divided into 2 groups ( n=34 each) according to the time between the date of surgery and SARS-CoV-2 infection: 5-10 weeks group and 11-16 weeks group. The preoperative persistent symptoms and dyspnea before operation were recorded. The serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1 day before operation and 2 h and 1 and 2 days after operation. The white blood cell count and serum C-reactive protein concentration were measured at 1 day before operation and 1 and 2 days after operation. The occurrence of PPCs and length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between PPCs and timing of pulmonary surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results:Two patients in each group were excluded from the study because of conversion to thoracotomy. Thirty-two patients were finally included in each group. Compared with 5-10 weeks group, the ratio of preoperative persistent symptoms and dyspnea was significantly decreased, the serum concentrations of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were decreased at each time point after operation, the incidence of PPCs and postoperative pulmonary infection was decreased, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was shortened in 11-16 weeks group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that short time from the date of surgery to infection ( OR=1.754, 95% confidence interval[ CI] 1.509-2.038, P<0.001), preoperative persistent symptoms ( OR=2.523, 95% CI 2.047-3.110, P<0.001), preoperative dyspnea ( OR=1.875, 95% CI 1.406-2.500, P<0.001) and high white blood cell count at 1 day after surgery ( OR=0.676, 95% CI 0.651-0.701, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PPCs. Conclusions:The risk of PPCs is lower in the patients undergoing pulmonary surgery at 11-16 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection than at 5-10 weeks after infection. Short time from the date of surgery to infection is an independent risk factor for PPCs.

Objective To investigate the application effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage therapy in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent wheezing diseases in children. Methods A total of 151 children with recurrent wheezing diseases were enrolled, and divided into control group (n=84) and study group (n=67) based on different diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The control group received conventional diagnosis and treatment, while the study group underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with alveolar lavage therapy. The time to resolution of symptoms and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Additionally, lung function [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), FEV₁/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF)], exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), serum inflammatory mediator levels [C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell (WBC) count] and clinical efficacy were compared. Results The absence time of wheezing and pulmonary rales and hospital stay in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC and PEF in two groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and the study group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, FeNO, CRP, PCT and WBC in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and the study group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the study group was 94.03%, which was significantly higher than 77.38% of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage are effective in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent asthmatic diseases in children, which can effectively relieve symptoms, shorten hospital stay, and improve lung function, FeNO and serum inflammatory mediators.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic external tension band fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of greater tubercle fracture of the humerus.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 55 patients with greater tubercle fracture of the humerus admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from September 2019 to June 2022, including 24 males and 31 females, aged 26-80 years [(61.7±10.5)years]. Out of them, 35 patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (open reduction group), and 20 patients were treated with external anchor tension band under arthroscopy (arthroscopy group). The operation time, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score and shoulder active range of motion (anterior flexion, abduction and posterior extension) before operation, at 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Bone healing was observed in both groups at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-29 months [(16.9±4.0)months]. There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the VAS score, ASES score, Constant-Murley score and shoulder active range of motion between the two groups before operation ( P>0.05). The VAS score of the arthroscopy group was 3(2, 3)points at 1 month after operation, which was significantly lower than that of the open reduction group [4(3, 4) points] ( P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the VAS score at the last follow-up between the two groups ( P>0.05).The ASES scores of the arthroscopy group were (70.6±4.2)points and (90.2±3.7)points at 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the open reduction group [(64.7±6.4)points and (87.5±4.9)points respectively] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the Constant-Murley score between the arthroscopy group [(71.8±4.3)points] and the open reduction group [(70.9±5.3)points] at 1 month after operation ( P>0.05), while the Constant-Murley score of the arthroscopy group was (94.1±3.1)points at the last follow-up, which was significantly higher than that of the open reduction group [(89.2±4.7)points] ( P<0.01). At 1 month after operation and at the last follow-up, ranges of motion of the anterior flexion, abduction and posterior extension were (52.7±12.3)° and (140.0±16.9)°, (57.4±8.6)° and (125.0±14.3)°, and 16(15, 19)° and 25(20, 30)° in the arthroscopy group respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the open reduction group [(42.2±5.2)° and (110.9±14.0)°, (52.8±6.0)° and (103.7±11.7)°, and 10(10, 20)° and 16(15, 25)° respectively] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). At the last follow-up, it was found that bony union was achieved in both groups. There were no obvious complications such as incision infection or joint stiffnessin both groups. In the open reduction group, 2 patients had internal fixation failure within 1-3 months after operation but was treated with revision operation; 6 patients developed shoulder stiffness at 3-6 months after operation but had outpatient rehabilitation. The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the arthroscopy group [0%(0/20)] was significantly lower than that in the open reduction group [23%(8/35)] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws, arthroscopic external anchor tension band fixation in the treatment of greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus has the advantages of earlier pain relief, better shoulder functional improvement, better recovery of shoulder mobility, and fewer complications.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of the reported incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Gansu Province from 1993 to 2023, so as to provide insights into the containment of VL and prevention of VL recurrence. Methods County (district)-level epidemical data of VL in Gansu Province from 1993 to 2023 were collected, and the geographical information database of reported VL incidence in Gansu Province was created according to the county-level administrative code and electronic maps in Gansu Province. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation analysis and hot spot analysis of the reported VL incidence were performed in Gansu Province using the software ArcGIS 10.8. Results A total of 2 597 VL cases were reported in Gansu Province from 1993 to 2023, with an annual average incidence rate of 3.036/10⁵. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial clustering of the reported VL incidence in Gansu Province (Moran’s I = 0.605, Z = 5.240, P < 0.001), appearing high-high clustering features (Getis-Ord G = 0.080, Z = 4.137, P < 0.001), and high-high clustering of the reported incidence of VL was identified in Diebu County, Tanchang County, Zhouqu County and Wenxian County. Hot spot analysis showed hot-spot areas of the reported VL incidence in Tanchang County, Zhouqu County, Wudu District and Wenxian County along the Bailong River basins and cold-spot areas in Qin’an County and Gangu County. Conclusions There was spatial clustering and hot spots of the reported VL incidence in Gansu Province from 1993 to 2023. Intensified surveillance and control is required to prevent the spread of VL.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Gansu Province from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of the visceral leishmaniasis control strategy in the province. Methods All epidemiological features of confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported in Gansu Province from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis cases were analyzed descriptively. Results A total of 280 visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported in 39 counties (cities and districts) of Gansu Province from 2017 to 2023, including 258 local cases reported in 21 endemic counties (districts) and 22 imported cases reported in 18 non-endemic areas. Of the 280 cases, there were 262 cases with mountain type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL), 12 cases with desert-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (DT-ZVL), and 6 cases with unknown type. Re-emerging MT-ZVL occurred in Maiji District, Qinzhou District, Lixian County, Kangxian County, Zhenyuan County, Qin’an County and Yongjing County, and re-emerging DT-ZVL occurred in Dunhuang City, while emerging DT-ZVL occurred in Yumen City. The five counties (districts) reporting the highest number of visceral leishmaniasis cases included Wudu District, Wenxian County, Tanchang County, Zhouqu County and Diebu County, and a total of 220 cases were reported in these five counties, accounting for 78.57% of all visceral leishmaniasis cases in the province. Visceral leishmaniasis cases were reported each month throughout the year, with the peak in July. All reported visceral leishmaniasis cases had ages of 6 months to 81 years, including 50.71% (142/280) under 15 years of age, 49.29% (138/280) at ages of 15 years and older, and of all cases under 15 years of age, children at ages of 0 to 3 years were the most commonly affected (27.14%, 76/280). Among 280 visceral leishmaniasis cases, there were 173 males and 107 females with a male to female ratio of 1.62∶1, and farmer was the most common occupation (40.36%), followed by diaspora children (37.86%). Conclusions The prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis appeared an overall tendency towards a decline in Gansu Province from 2017 to 2023; however, there are still multiple challenges for visceral leishmaniasis control in the province. Reinforced dog monitoring and management, intensified human health education and improved capability building among professionals are recommended to manage the rebounding and spread of visceral leishmaniasis.