Objective:To analyze the global incidence and mortality of cancer from 1990 to 2019.Methods:The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) database was utilized to analyze the global incidence and mortality of cancer, the order of incidence and mortality of cancer, the incidence and mortality of different age groups, and the trend of incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019. Standardized incidence and mortality rates were derived by utilizing the world standard population age structure.Results:In 1990, global cancer cases numbered 10.295 9 million with an incidence rate of 192.45/100 000, leading to 5.732 6 million deaths and a mortality rate of 107.16/100 000. While in 2019, global cancer cases escalated to 23.568 5 million with an incidence rate of 304.60/100 000, resulting in 10.022 8 million deaths and a mortality rate of 129.54/100 000, all higher than those in 1990. In 2019, lung cancer showed the highest incidence rate of both sexes combined in the world (29.21/100 000), followed by colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. The incidence of lung cancer was highest among males (39.24/100 000), while the incidence of breast cancer was highest among females (51.27/100 000). Lung cancer also had the highest mortality rate worldwide in both sexes combined (26.40/100 000), followed by colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. Lung cancer had the highest mortality among males (35.72/100 000), while breast cancer had the highest mortality among females (17.85/100 000). In 2019, the global cancer incidence rate showed an upward trend with age. The incidence rate was low before the age of 25, and increased rapidly after the age of 25. The incidence rates of both sexes combined, males and females all reached the peak in the age group of over 85 years old, which were 3 084.18/100 000, 4 434.81/100 000 and 2 353.07/100 000 respectively; The incidence rate of females in the age group of 20-50 years old was higher than that of males, but the incidence rate of males in the age group of over 55 years old was higher than that of females. Compared with 1990, the incidence rates of both sexes combined in the age group of over 20, of males over 55 years old, as well as of females over 15 years old, were all higher than those in 2019. In 2019, the global tumor mortality rate showed an upward trend with age. The mortality rate was relatively low before the age of 35, and increased rapidly after the age of 35. The mortality rates for both sexes combined, as well as for males and females, reached the peak in the age group of over 85 years old, which were 1 787.84/100 000, 2 509.87/100 000, and 1 369.99/100 000 respectively; The mortality rate of females in the age group of 20-40 years old was higher than that of males, and the mortality rate of males in the age group of over 45 years old was higher than that of females; For the age of 0-80 years old, the mortality rates for both sexes combined, males, and females were lower in 2019 than 1990, but higher in the age of 85 years old and above. The global standardized incidence rate of cancer showed an overall upward trend, with an average annual increase of 0.30% from 1990 to 2019. The global standardized mortality rate of cancer showed an overall downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.60% from 1990 to 2019.Conclusion:From 1990 to 2019, the global standardized incidence rate of cancers shows an overall upward trend, while the global standardized mortality rate of cancers has an overall downward trend, and the global incidence and mortality rate of cancers increases with age. The global burden of cancer disease is still heavy. Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world. The highest incidence rate is lung cancer among males, and breast cancer among females. Different countries or regions need to take corresponding cancer prevention and treatment strategies according to their actual conditions.

This paper reviews the recent literatures about the clinical and mechanism researches on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with the principles of treating phlegm and blood stasis together, which showed that phlegm and blood stasis are the key factors for the occurrence and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases. This method is often used to treat angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which could improve the condition of myocardial ischemia, resist myocardial cell apoptosis, improve vascular endothelial function, regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines, improve myocardial energy metabolism and reduce the level of myocardial injury markers. However, there still lacks of large-scale RCT, the effective components and mechanism of effective compound are not clear and the mechanism research lacks TCM characteristics.

Objective To summarize the clinical and the molecular genetic characteristics of type DYT11 dystonia by analyzing the clinical data and pathogenic gene mutation of type DYT11 dystonia of a myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS) family.Methods A MDS family enrolled in the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force in January 2018 was retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data of 11 affected family members were collected and genetic testing of four affected family members (including the proband) of the MDS family was conducted using a panel of dystonia-associated genes.Results The affected family members showed great differences in clinical characteristics and obvious clinical heterogeneity.Four affected family members had myoclonus and dystonia,two affected family members only had myoclonus and five affected family members only had dystonia.The results of genetic testing showed that the proband,his father and his grandfather had a mutation (c.835_839delACAAA) in SGCE gene,which is autosomal dominant and belongs to type DYT11 dystonia.Conclusions MDS shows clinical heterogeneity.Gene screening is of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of dystonia with myoclonus.

Objective To examine the effect of a Caregiving Self-Management Support (C-SMS) Program on self-efficacy, social support for family caregivers of people with dementia and psychological symptom of patients. Methods Using the convenient sampling method, 41 caregivers of dementia patients were selected as the study objects from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Memory Disorders Outpatient Department of two ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Shanghai. They were divided into the experimental group(n=26) and control group(n=15) according to their willingness. Totally 4 participants in each of the two groups dropped out of the study in the middle. In the experimental group, a total of 6 times, once in 2 weeks social support group activities were carried out; in the control group, a total of 3 telephone instruction, once a month was carried out, all participants were distributed with the Caregiver Educational Booklet prepared by the research team and participated 3 education seminars during the follow-up visit. Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Chinese Family Caregivers(SEQCFC) and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS) and Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist(RMBPC) were used to compare the effect of intervention. Results The time effect of the total score of SEQCFC was significant (P＜ 0.01). There was a statistically significance in the interaction on social support score between groups and time (P＜ 0.05). After intervention and follow-up, the self-efficacy scores of family caregivers in the experimental group were higher than the baseline (P＜0.05). There were significant time effect in the total score of behavioral and psychological symptom behavioral symptoms, memory and depression related problems (P＜0.05). The total score of behavioral and psychological symptom, score of the disruptive behaviour dimension after follow-up visit, scores of the depression dimension after intervention and follow-up visit in the experimental group were all lower than the baseline (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions The self-management support project of caregivers can improve the self-efficacy of family caregivers and alleviate the behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia patients.

Dementia care is a chronic stressor severely influencing on physical and mental health and social life of family caregivers.In the research field of dementia care,the studies are inadequate regarding to the influence of caregiving stress on physical and mental health,especially on the risk of suffering from common chronic disease of family caregivers.So far,the studies are mainly based on hypotheses associated with chronic stress-induced three perspectives,i.e.,excessive activation of sympathetic nervous system,endothelial injury,and excessive activation of pro-inflammatory and procoagulant factors.This paper summarizes the research progress from these three perspectives.

Objective To study the apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells induced by Aralia elata Seem leaf total saponin (ETS) and its effects on the expression of relevant proteins. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells cultivated with different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) of ETS. Hoechst33258 staining and laser confocal imaging were used to detect the apoptotic cells. Morphological changes were observed. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immuno-histochemistry. Results ETS could induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells and apoptosis was in a dose-dependent manner in a certain range. ETS could decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the expression of Bax in HT-29 cells (P<0.05, P<0.01), showing a significant dose-effect relationship. Conclusion ETS can induce the apoptosis of HT-29 cells, and the mechanism may be related to reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of Bax.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the level of homocysteine in patients with postpartum depression is associated with depression index. METHODS: A total of 43 women with postpartum depression or with potential postpartum depression, who visited the psychological clinic of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province from June, 2012 to April, 2014, were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Chinese Classification of Mental Disorder (the third edition) was used for their diagnosis. The depressive index was calculated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, and clinical symptom scores, which was used to assess the level of depressive symptoms. The level of homocysteine in serum was detected by chemoluminescent method. Meanwhile, another 31 women, who visited the hospital without postpartum depression, were used as controls to compare with the 43 patients. RESULTS: The homocysteine level in the women with postpartum depression was significantly higher than that in the control group [(10.09 ± 3.59) μmol/L vs (8.57 ± 1.59) μmol/L, t=12.392, P=0.001]. The depression index was positively correlated with the level of homocysteine (r=0.231, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The level of serum homocysteine is associated with postpartum depression, suggesting that the level of serum homocysteine might be a risk biomarker for postpartum depression.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression, Postpartum ; blood ; Female ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Objective To investigate the influence of Tanyu-Tongzhi (TYTZ)recipe on Rho/Rho kinase signal transduction pathway of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in high fat-fed rats.Methods 60 SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly,a sham-operated group,a model group,a western medicine control group,a high-dose group and a low-dose group of TYTZ recipe.The model of ischemia reperfusion of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats.The downstream substrates of ROCK myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation expression of myocardial tissues in rats were detected by Western blotting method.The levels of RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ mRNA were determined with RT-PCR.Results Compared with the model group,the expression of p-MLC and RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ mRNA were lower in low-dose group of TYTZ,there were significant differences between the two groups(P=0.004、0.003、0.018、0.004,P＜0.01).Conclusion The TYTZ Recipe can protect myocardium from MI/RI.The mechanism of action was related to its inhibiting the protein expression of RhoA,ROCK Ⅱ and p-MLC,restraining the activation of Rho/Rho kinase signal transduction pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence of Wenyang-Yixin recipe(WYYXR) on NF-κB signal transduction pathway of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods 32 SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, sham-operated group, model group, western medicine control group and WYYXR group. Sham-operated group and model group were given physiological saline solution (10 ml/kg),estern medicine control group were treated with fluvastatin (4 mg/kg), and self-made Chinese herb was perfusedinto rats in WYYXR group (1 ml/100 g) each time, once a day, for successive three weeks before model making.The model of ischemia reperfusion of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats. NIK, IKKβ and IκBα protein expression of myocardial tissues in rats were detected by western blotting method. And the levels of NF-κBp65mRNA were determined with RT-PCR. Results Compared with model group, the expressions of NIK, IKKβ and NF-κBp65mRNA were lower, and the protein expression of IκBα was increased in WYYXR group, there were significant differences between the two groups (P=0.004> 0.003, 0.018, 0.004,P<0.05) . Conclusion The Wenyang Yixin Recipe can protect myocardium from MI/RI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on myocardium ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

METHOD36 SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, sham-operated group, model group, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group. The model of MI/RI of the myocardium was reproduced by ligation of left descending artery for 30 min followed by releasing the ligation for 2 hours in rats. Serum contents of LDH-L, CK were measured, the levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured and myocardial ultrastructure at the ischemia region was observed under the transmission electron microscope after myocardial reperfusion injury.

RESULTCompared with model group, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower, myocardial ultrastructural changes were improved in Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group (P < 0.01), however, serum contents of LDH-L and CK no significant difference were found among the model group and Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group.

CONCLUSIONXuefu Zhuyu decoction can protect myocardium from MI/RI, the mechanism of action was related to inhibiting inflammatory reaction and reducing arrhythmia and the injury of the myocardial ultrastructure.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Protective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley