The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) mediate the activation of vasopressinergic neurons thereby increasing sympathetic hyperactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). The left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was ligated to induce AMI in rats. The rats were pretreated with BBG (brilliant blue G, a P2X7R antagonist), nelivaptan (a vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist), or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) [an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor]. Hemodynamic parameters of the heart were monitored. Myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were assessed. In the PVN of AMI rats, P2X7R mediated microglial activation, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) were higher than in the sham group. Intraperitoneal injection of BBG effectively reduced ROS production and vasopressin expression in the PVN of AMI rats. Moreover, both BBG and DPI pretreatment effectively reduced sympathetic hyperactivity and ameliorated AMI injury, as represented by reduced inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, microinjection of nelivaptan into the PVN improved cardiac function and reduced the norepinephrine (AE) levels in AMI rats. Collectively, the results suggest that, within the PVN of AMI rats, P2X7R upregulation mediates microglial activation and the overproduction of ROS, which in turn activates vasopressinergic neuron-V1b receptors and sympathetic hyperactivity, hence aggravating myocardial injury in the AMI setting.

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of nutritional risk and application of nutrition support in hospitalized patients in the department of general surgey,and to evaluate the relationship between nutrition support and clinical outcome as well as between nutritional risk and clinical outcome.MethodsHospitalized patients in the department of general surgery were enrolled from September 2009 to April 2010.The patients were screened using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 ( NRS 2002) on admission.Data were collected on the application of nutrition support within 2 weeks,complication rate,length of stay,and hospital charges.ResultsAltogether 3000 patients were included in the present study.The overall prevalence of nutritional risk was 18.5％,in which gastric cancer patients showed the highest prevalence (48.3％ ).The proportion of patients receiving nutrition support was 44.1％ in those with nutritional risk and 14.3％ in those without nutritional risk.The ratio of parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition was 1.2:1.The patients with nutritional risk had higher complication rate,longer length of stay,and higher hospital charge [24.1％ vs.14.2％,(11.1 ±4.8) daysvs.(9.6±3.7) days,(12891.5±4831.2) yuan vs.(9982.7 ±3996.4) yuan,all P=0.0000].Among the gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,and hepato-biliopancreatic cancer patients with nutritional risk,the complication rate,length of stay,and hospital charge were significantly lower in the patients receiving nutrition support than those in the patients receiving no nutrition support ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsA number of inpatients in general surgery department are at nutritional risk.The prevalence of nutritional risk is considerably high in gastric cancer patients.Nutritional risk is correlated with the clinical outcome of the patients.Nutrition support may improve the clinical outcome of gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,and hepato-bilio-pancreatic cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the development of researches on sildenafil for treating cardiovascular patients with erectile dysfunction, so as to explore the safety of applying sildenafil and efficacy of treating related cardiovascular diseases.DATA SOURCES: The relevant articles to sildenafil between October 1999 and February 2006 were computer-searched in PubMed databasewith the key words of "sildenafil, erectile dysfunction, sexuality, cardiovascular disease" in English. Meanwhile, Medscape database was scanned with computer to identify relevant articles with key words of "sildenafil, cardiovascular disease". STUDY SELECTION: After the primary searching, literatures on relationship between sildenafil and cardiovascular disease were searched in full-text, while articles about erectile dysfunction but had nothing to do with cardiovascular disease were excluded. The repetitive experimental studies were also deleted. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 55 articles were collected, and 22 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria and their full-texts were carefully looked through. DATA SYNTHESIS: The selected data were classified according to the relationship between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction of patients with heart disease and rec ommendation of the Princeton conference. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated in many literatures that the potential risk of sildenafil triggering cardiovascular disease is relatively small. Cardiac patients need not promote huge concerns when resorting to sildenafil for erectile dysfunction treatment. However, the protective cardiac effects of sildenafil should be further investigated.

The article aimed to explore the implementation of systemic integrated new clinical medical teaching mode and the functions of basic medicine specialty module teaching on innovative talents training.It showed that the implementation of systemic integrated new medical teaching mode was facilitated to build up a platform for the training of innovative talents.And the application of the integrated method to teaching was beneficial to develop the creative thinking of medical students.

In order to strengthen the education for university students’all-round devel-opment,and to improve the quality of teaching,Shantou University,by making good use of higher education resources,built a digital campus consisting of virtual classrooms based on advantage of computer and Internet network environment,and plenty of general education programs were carried out.The teaching practice showed that virtual classroom,as a network platform,played an important role in general education programs.

Teachers are principal parts in the innovation and implementation of teaching.Along with the deepening transformation of new medical teaching mode,higher demands have been set for the construction of teachership and for the education and training of teachers.The article gives an analysis on several issues that should be given attention to in the teacher training.

Germ cells exist in an environment created by Sertoli cells. The differentiation of germ cells from spermatogonia to sperm in the seminiferous epithelium is controlled by many factors such as hormones, growth factors, temperature and interaction with Sertoli cells. Paracrine signaling between these intimately associated cells also regulates the process of germ cell death. Sertoli cells' products play an important role in the process of germ cell differentiation in the testis, in which both the spontaneous and induced germ cell apoptosis often occur.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Sertoli Cells ; physiology ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

Objectives:To evaluate the correlation of preoperative albumin level(PAL) and surgical prognostic risk for digestive tract diseases. Methods:This is a retrospective study of 1009 surgical patients who were undergoing elective esophageal,gastric,pancreaticoduodenal,or colon surgery between January 1998 and December 2003.Patients were subdivided into 7 groups based on the first PAL by different 5 g/L in hospital,whose incidence of complications,mortality,postoperative stay,intensive care unit(ICU) stay,and resumption of oral intake were statistically analyzed. Results:Incidence of complications and mortality increased significantly as PAL decreased(P35 g/L.Patients with PAL≤35 g/L undergoing esophageal or pancreatic procedures sustained a significantly higher complication rate and mortality than those of colonic or gastric surgery.The delay of postoperative stay,ICU stay,and resumption of oral intake were related to these complication rates.Esophageal and pancreatic procedures had the longest stay days and colon procedures had the shortest in patients with PAL≤35 g/L. Conclusions:Esophageal or pancreatic procedures performed in patients with PAL≤35 g/L who could have had surgery result in higher risk than colon or gastric surgery.PAL and surgical site identify surgical risk for digestive tract diseases.

The basic and clinical teaching activities are disconnected in traditional teaching mode of medical education,which has a negative influence on medical education quality.Advantages of system-based integrated teaching mode in promoting connection and transition between the basic and clinical medical teaching are discussed in this paper. Some problems in teaching material and administration may arise during the executive process of system-based integrated teaching mode.

Aim To study the effect of Semen Cuscutae flavonoids on oxidative damage and apoptosis of rat seminiferous tubule cells. Methods Detecting apoptosis cells was performed by TUNEL methods and oxidative damage index such as MDA, T-AOC and ROS. Results Semen Cuscutae flavonoids could inhibit testis cells oxidative damage and apoptosis, the effect is dose dependent and the most significantly in 500 mg?L -1. Conclusion Semen Cuscutae flavonoids are effective antioxidants, which can inhibit apoptosis and oxidation of testis cells.