The study was carried out to understand the changes in the ethical cognition status of laboratory animals and the effectiveness of laboratory animal ethics education among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University (CSU), and provide new enlightenment for further strengthening the ethical education of laboratory animals. In the study, the same self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the ethical cognition of experimental animals among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU in 2011 and 2021, and 359 and 363 questionnaires were collected respectively. Through comparative analysis of the questionnaire results before and after ten years, it was found that medical students’ animal experiment operation and attitudes towards laboratory animals, cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge and their attitude to animal experiment ethics education were significantly improved. It showed that the state of experimental animal ethics cognition among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU had improved significantly in recent 10 years, but the cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge was higher than the actual behavior of caring for experimental animals, and there was the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and action". The ethics education of experimental animals needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ behavior of caring for experimental animals.

ObjectiveTo study the bioactive secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 and their bioactivities. MethodThe secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， normal phase and reversed phase column chromatography combined with molecular networking and bioassay-guided fractionation， and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and high resolution mass spectrometry （HR MS）. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on the growth of the lung cancer cell line A549 and the liver cancer cell line Hep G2 were measured by themethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were measured with Staphylococcus aureus and human oral cavity-derived Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the indicator microorganisms. ResultSeventeen compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Talaromyces sp. TP21 and identified as ergochrome C （1）， daldiniaeschsone A （2）， seco-blennolide B （3）， penitholabene （4）， penicichrysogene A （5）， orsellinic acid （6）， griseofulvin （7）， isorhodoptilometrin （8）， （+）-5-chloromitorubrinic acid （9）， penicillixanthone A （10）， pentacecilide B （11）， pentacecilide C （12）， chrodrimanin C （13）， chrodrimanin E （14）， chrodrimanin H （15）， chrodrimanin F （16）， and 3-hydroxypentacecilide A （17）. ConclusionCompounds 1-5， 11-12， and 17 were isolated from Talaromyces for the first time. Among them， compounds 4， 7， and 10-12 exhibited inhibitory activities against the growth of A549 and Hep G2 cells， with the median inhibitory concentration below 50 μmol·L^-1. Furthermore， compounds 9 and 10 showed inhibitory activities against S. aureus and human oral cavity-derived S. cerevisiae， with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 8-128 mg·L^-1.

Objective To observe the value of contrast-enhanced mammography(CEM)for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions with calcifications.Methods Data of 116 female patients with 132 breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)category 4 to 5 lesions were retrospectively analyzed.The lesions were divided into malignant group(n=86)and benign group(n=46)according to the pathologic results.The morphological manifestations of calcification and their distributions were classified into high or low risk,and the combined risk typing of calcifications was assessed according to these two.Finally,an overall risk typing of CEM was obtained through combining the combined risk type of calcifications and accompanied enhancement or not.Then receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn,the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated,and the efficacy of the above indexes for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions with calcifications were evaluated and compared.Results Significant differences of morphology,distribution and accompanied enhancement were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The AUC of morphology risk,distribution risk,the combined risk of calcification,accompanied enhancement and CEM overall risk for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions with calcifications was 0.709,0.678,0.774,0.800 and 0.875,respectively,of CEM overall risk was higher than that of the others(all P＜0.05).Conclusion CEM overall risk type obtained through integrating morphology and distribution manifestations of calcifications and enhancement type could improve the efficiency of CEM for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions with calcifications.

Objective:To assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and anticoagulation-related bleeding of acute critical emergency patients staying in the emergency department at least 72 h, so as to improve the ability of emergency physicians to identify risk factors of VTE and their awareness of safety prevention in these patients.Methods:Multicenter emergency internal medicine patients meeting the inclusion criteria at the same time were collected. Padua and Caprini scores were used to evaluate the risk of VTE and the HAS-BLED score was used to assess the risk of anticoagulation-related bleeding.Results:A total of 930 emergency patients from 7 medical centers were enrolled in our study from January 15, 2021 to March 15, 2021. The proportion of high-risk population with VTE was 50.22% with Padua score and 78.49% with Caprini score, respectively. The proportion of high-risk bleeding (HAS-BLED score) was 40.43%.Conclusions:More than half of the acute critical ill patients who stay in emergency department for more than 72 h are at high risk of VTE. This group of patients have a relatively low risk of anticoagulation-related bleeding.

Relapsing polychondritis is an immune mediated systemic inflammatory disease, involving the cartilaginous and proteoglycan rich structures. The characteristic manifestations were inflammation and deformity of ear and nasal cartilage. Here, Chinese Rheumatology Association summarized manifestations, diagnosis and disease activity index evaluation of relapsing polychondritis, standardized treatment regimens, to improve disease prognosis.

Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Autoantibodies ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Scleroderma, Systemic

Objective:To evaluate and compare the foveal microvascular morphology and central foveal thickness (CFT) after laser retinal photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and to explore the factors affecting the prognosis of vision.Methods:A cohort study was conducted.Forty children (40 eyes) aged 4-6 years, who had been treated in Peking University People's Hospital for type 1 ROP from January 2019 to December 2020, were enrolled.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refractive status of the patients were examined.The patients were divided into laser retinal photocoagulation group and anti-VEGF group according to they received a single laser retinal photocoagulation therapy or a single intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs (conbercept or ranibizumab 0.25 mg/0.025 mL) after birth.Twenty age-matched full-term healthy children (20 eyes) were enrolled as the normal control group.The FAZ area, superficial and deep foveal vessel density (VD) and CFT of the affected eyes were measured by OCTA at 4-6 years after treatment to investigate the influence of gestational age, birth weight, morphological characteristics of foveal microvessels and CFT on the prognosis of BCVA.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (No.2017PHB179-01). Written informed consent was obtained from the guardians prior to any medical examination.Results:There were statistically significant differences in FAZ area, superficial foveal VD and deep foveal VD among the three groups ( F=12.321, 8.436, 5.497; all at P<0.05). The FAZ area was smaller, and the superficial and deep foveal VD of the laser photocoagulation group and the anti-VEGF group were greater than those in the normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The CFT of the laser photocoagulation group was (267.6±11.8)μm, greater than (259.5±12.9)μm of the anti-VEGF group and (242.4±12.3)μm of normal control group, and the CFT value of the anti-VEGF group was greater than that of the normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the superficial foveal VD and FAZ area ( r=-0.713, P<0.05), a moderate negative correlation between the deep foveal VD and FAZ area ( r=-0.565, P<0.05), and a moderate positive correlation between gestational age and FAZ area ( r=0.485, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that gestational age, FAZ, superficial foveal VD, deep foveal VD, CFT were all correlated with BCVA (all at P<0.05). The effects of gestational age and FAZ on BCVA were both statistically significant ( R2=0.615, both at P<0.05). Conclusions:The morphology of microvessels in macular fovea and the prognosis of BCVA in the affected eye is similar at 4-6 years after laser retinal photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs for type 1 ROP.The CFT of the affected eye after anti-VEGF drug therapy is better than those after laser retinal photocoagulation.Gestational age and FAZ are the influencing factors of visual acuity after treatment in children with type 1 ROP.

Objective:To evaluate the prevention effect of low dose pre-irradiation on irradiation-induced lung injury and its possible mechanism.Methods:Totally 320 6-week-old female C57BL/6j mice were divided into control (0 Gy), low-dose (0.5 Gy), high-dose (20 Gy) and low-dose pre-radiation(0.5 Gy+ 20 Gy)groups by the random number method, with 80 mice in each group. The mice in the low-dose and low-dose pre-irradiation groups were placed in the immobilization device under full consciousness and subjected to 0.5 Gy X-ray whole-body irradiation. 2 weeks later, the 0.5 Gy pre-irradiated mice were anesthetized and subjected to 20 Gy X-rays on chest, as the pre-radiation plus high dose radiation group. The mice in the control group were irradiated with mock irradiation (0 Gy). All mice were terminated at designed time points (24 h, 1 month, 3 months and 5 months) after completion of the irradiation schedule, with 20 mice/group at each time point. Then, lung tissues were taken from mice, and pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson′s trichrome staining. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of pulmonary fibrosis-related factors.Results:Pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues 1 month after a single high-dose 20 Gy irradiation, mainly including radiation pneumonitis and a small amount of collagen accumulation, which was more serious than low-dose pre-irradiation group, and these pathological changes became more severe when the time after irradiation increased. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of proSP-C and HOPX in the low-dose pre-irradiation group were higher than those in the high-dose group, except for proSP-C protein expression at 3 and 5 months post-irradiation. A more significant change was that the mRNA level of TGF-β1 in the high-dose group was 5.8-13.6 times higher than that in the other groups at 5 months after irradiation, as well as β-catenin mRNA ( t=4.22, 5.11, P<0.05). At the same time, in the early period (24 h and 1 month) post-irradiation, the level of vimentin protein in the low-dose pre-irradiation group was significantly higher than that in the high-dose group ( t=6.54, 4.28, P<0.05). Conclusions:When the mice were pre-irradiated with 0.5 Gy X-rays, an adaptive protective response was induced in lung tissues, resulting in the tolerance to subsequent high dose irradiation.

The study was carried out to understand the changes in the ethical cognition status of laboratory animals and the effectiveness of laboratory animal ethics education among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University (CSU), and provide new enlightenment for further strengthening the ethical education of laboratory animals. In the study, the same self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the ethical cognition of experimental animals among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU in 2011 and 2021, and 359 and 363 questionnaires were collected respectively. Through comparative analysis of the questionnaire results before and after ten years, it was found that medical students’ animal experiment operation and attitudes towards laboratory animals, cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge and their attitude to animal experiment ethics education were significantly improved. It showed that the state of experimental animal ethics cognition among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU had improved significantly in recent 10 years, but the cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge was higher than the actual behavior of caring for experimental animals, and there was the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and action". The ethics education of experimental animals needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ behavior of caring for experimental animals.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is a imaging manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease. At present, more and more opinions believe that vascular endothelial injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CMBs. The destruction of the blood-brain barrier and inflammatory response caused by vascular endothelial dysfunction may promote the occurrence and development of CMBs. At the same time, the deposition of hemosiderin around the lesion of CMBs may also trigger an inflammatory response. However, the relevant mechanisms and causality have not yet been fully elucidated. This article reviews the vascular endothelial inflammatory factors related to CMBs and their mechanism in the pathogenesis of CMBs.